Приложение

Irregular Verbs
Infinitive Past Past Infinitive Past Past
Simple Participle Simple Participle
be was/were been let let let
bear bore born(e) lie lay lain
beat beat beaten  light lit  lit 
become became become lose lost lost
begin began begun make made made
bite bit bitten mean meant meant
blow blew blown meet met met
break broke broken put put put
bring brought brought read read read
build built built ride rode ridden
burn burnt burnt ring rang rung
(burned) (burned) rise rose risen
burst burst burst run ran run
buy bought bought say said said
can could – see saw seen
catch caught caught seek sought sought
choose chose chosen sell sold sold
come came come send sent sent
cost cost cost set set set
cut cut cut sew sewed sewn 
deal dealt dealt shake shook shaken
dig dug dug shine shone shone
do did done shoot shot shot
draw drew drawn show showed shown
dream dreamt dreamt shut shut shut
(dreamed) (dreamed) sing sang sung
drink drank drunk sit sat sat
drive drove driven sleep slept slept
eat ate eaten smell smelt smelt
fall fell fallen (smelled) (smelled)
feed fed fed speak spoke spoken
feel felt felt spell spelt spelt
fight fought fought (spelled) (spelled)
find found found spend spent spent
fly flew flown spill spilt spilt
forbid forbade forbidden split split split
forget forgot forgotten spoil spoilt spoilt
forgive forgave forgiven (spoiled) (spoiled)
freeze froze frozen spread spread spread
get got got spring sprang  sprung
give gave given stand stood stood
go went gone steal stole stolen
grow grew grown stick stuck stuck
hang hung hung sting stung stung
(hanged) (hanged) strike struck struck

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 Продолжение

Infinitive Past Past Infinitive Past Past

Simple Participle Simple Participle
have had had swear swore sworn
hear heard heard sweep swept swept
hide hid hidden swim swam swum
hit hit hit take took taken
hold held held teach taught taught
hurt hurt hurt tear tore torn
keep kept kept tell told told
know knew known think thought thought
lay laid laid throw threw thrown
lead led led understand understood understood
learn learnt learnt wake woke woken
(learned) (learned) wear wore worn
leave left left win won won
lend lent lent write wrote written

The English Alphabet

[e] [b] [s] [d] [] [ef] []
Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg
[e] [a] [e] [ke] [el] [em] [en]
Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn
[əυ] [p] [kj] [ ] [es] [t] [j]
Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu
[v] [
d blj] [eks] [wa] [zed]
Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

В  английском языке 26 букв.

При этом гласных букв, можно сказать, 5,5: a, e, i, o, u, y.
Половина  — это буква y, которую называют полугласной. Например, в сло-
ве try она читается как гласный звук [a] или в rhythm  — как гласный
звук [], а вот в слове yesterday как согласный звук [j].
И  вот эти 5,5 гласных букв могут давать 20 гласных звуков!
Что это означает? Это означает, что с чтением гласных могут возникать
проблемы, потому что эти 5,5 гласных букв будут в различном положении, в
сочетании с различными буквами читаться по-разному.
Посмотрим, как они будут читаться под ударением.

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 Чтение гласных букв под ударением
В  английских словах выделяют 4 типа слога.
I тип слога — открытый слог
Этот слог заканчивается на гласную. В  открытом слоге гласные читаются
так, как они называются в алфавите. Обратите внимание! Буква е на конце
слов, как правило, не читается, поэтому её называют немая е.

a e i o u y
[e] [] [a] [əυ] [j] [wa]

fa-me be hi no du-ke try

la-ke he fi-ne go mu-le fry
ra-te she dri-ve do-me fu-me my
sha-me we wi-fe no-te hu-ge ty-pe
ga-te Ste-ve ri-de sto-ve cu-te sty-le

1 а) Read the words in the table above.

b) Copy the table in your copybook and add words read by this rule
from your textbook.

II тип слога — закрытый слог

Это слог, который заканчивается на согласную. Гласные буквы в закрытом
ударном слоге читаются так:

a e i o u y
[] [e] [] [ɒ] [ ] []

man men lit top cup gym

sad bed bin stop cuff myth
ban Ben tip dot blunt rythm
span pen split hot nut
tan ten fist pot plump

2 a) Read the words in the table above.

b) Copy the table in your copybook and add words read by this from
your textbook.
Обратите внимание, что широта звука в английском языке имеет принципи-
альное значение. Как бы широко мы ни произносили звук [э] в русском языке,
смысл слова от этого не поменяется. А  в английском? Произнесём широко и
открыто bad [bd], получится плохой. Сделаем звук более закрытым bed [bed],
получится кровать.

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 3 Read the words below with sounds [ ] and [e].

[] широкий открытый звук [e] закрытый звук

bad (плохой) bed (кровать)

man (человек, мужчина) men (люди, мужчины)
tan (загар) ten (десять)
fan (веер, болельщик) fen (болото)
bat (летучая мышь) bet (пари, ставка)
pan (кастрюля, сковорода) pen (ручка)
sand (песок) send (отправлять)
bag (сумка) beg (умолять)
pack (упаковывать) peck (клевать)
band (группа) bend (нагнуться)

III тип слога

(гласная + r (на конце слова) или гласная + r + согласная)
Rr после гласных не читается, но она меняет звучание гласных (они читаются
не так, как в I и II типах слогов).

ar [ ] or [] er ir ur yr

[]

scar corn nerve bird curve myrtle

smart north herb girl burn myrrh
march horn merge dirt turn
darts port term stir nurse
bark sort serve sir murk

4 Read the words in the table above.

Обратите внимание, что долгота (длительность) гласных звуков в англий-
ском языке имеет принципиальное значение. Как бы долго мы ни тянули глас-
ные звуки в русском языке, смысл слова от этого не поменяется. А  в англий-
ском? Произнесём с долгим звуком [d k], получится dark  — тёмный. Произ-
несём с кратким звуком [d k], получится duck  — утка.

5 Read the words below with long and short sounds.

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 [ ] [ ] [] []
долгий звук краткий звук долгий звук краткий звук
dark (тёмный) duck (утка) sheep (овца) ship (корабль)
smart smut (сажа) meal (еда, трапеза) mill (мельница)
(сообразитель- cut (резать) steal (красть) still
ный) come bean (боб) (по-прежнему)
cart (тележка) (приходить) heal (исцелять) bin
calm (спокойный) beat (бить) (мусорное ведро)
heat (жара) hill (холм)
bead (бусинка) bit (кусочек)
[] [ɒ]
seal (тюлень) hit (ударить)
долгий звук краткий звук
deal (сделка) bid (заявка)
sport (спорт) spot
seat (сиденье) sill (порог)
short (короткий) (место)
lead (вести) dill (укроп)
port (порт) shot (выстрел)
least (наименьший) sit (сидеть)
pot (горшок)
feast (праздник) lid (крышка)
reach (достигнуть) list (список)
[] [υ] eat (есть) fist (кулак)
долгий звук краткий звук rich (богатый)
pool (пруд) pull (тянуть) it (он, она, оно)
fool (глупец) full (полный)

IV тип слога
(гласная + r + гласная)

a e o u i y
[eə] [ə] [] [jυə] [aə] [aə]
share here more lure fire tyre
care mere store cure hire byre
rare sphere bore pure shire lyre
dare where wore matúre empire
bare there tore endúre admire

6 Read the words above.

Давайте вспомним, что в английском языке есть и согласные буквы, кото-
рые в разном положении будут читаться по-разному.
Например, c и g.
Cc читается [s] перед тремя гласными, которые могут давать звук [].
e cent, centre, ice, nice, lace, face
Cc [s] i city, cinema, Cinderella, circle, circus
y cycle, cypress, Cyprus, bicycle

Cc [k] перед всеми остальными буквами (cap, cost, cup, clean, cry)

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 Gg может читаться [] перед e, i и y (но есть исключения).
e general, generous, generation, genetic, gentle
Gg [] i giraffe, giant, gin, gist
y gym, gymnasium, gymnastics
(Исключения: get, gift, give, girl …)
Gg [g] перед всеми остальными буквами (gap, go, gun, grey, globe)

7 Read the following words.

Centre, cry, clean, nice, face, case, cinema, bicycle, come, rice, lace, cent, mice,
accent, account, accept, accident, success, concert, concept, scene, place, price,
page, cage, giraffe, gene, green, glad, gym, great, good, ginger, pigeon, region,
stage, range, giant, geography, geology, genetics, gentleman, get, give, gift, girl.

Grammar Exercises
1 Write the -ing form of the verbs in the correct column: rebel, star, split,
stare, deny, enter, drip, provide, disapprove, reach, tie, travel, bite, stay, fail,
die, spin, amuse, foresee, admire, lie, cancel, stir, begin, throw, revise, open,
hit, forgive, tip, tidy, suppose, forbid.

+ -ing e + -ing double consonant double l + -ing

+ -ing

ie  y + -ing

2 а) Write the following time expressions in the correct column: since

7 am, rarely, on Wednesdays, this month, at the moment, for two weeks, on
weekdays, in the morning, all night, in autumn, next Thursday, since 2005,
these days, at weekends, tonight, all day tomorrow, for five minutes, now,
since last Saturday, occasionally, hardly ever, at present, for seven years.

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 Present Simple Present Continuous Present Perfect
Continuous

b) Using the time expressions above or your own ideas, write three questions in
the Present Simple, three questions in the Present Continuous and three questions
in the Present Perfect Continuous.
c) In pairs ask each other these questions, write the answers and tell your
group.
Questions Answers
What time do you usually get up on weekdays? at a quarter past 7

1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?
8. ?
9. ?

1. (name) usually gets up at a quarter past 7 on weekdays.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

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 3 Write questions and answers, as in the example.

be/to Oslo? — two years ago — with my family

A: Have you ever been to Oslo?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you go to Oslo?
B: I went there two years ago.
A: Who did you go with?
B: I went there with my family.

1. be/to the Kremlin?  — last month  — with my class

A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:

2. be/on a boat trip?  — last summer  — with my parents

A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:

4 Put the adjectives in the correct position.

a silk/long/violet/beautiful/scarf a beautiful long violet silk scarf

1. a woolen/new/black/skirt
2. a small/gold/antique/brooch
3. a pair of silk/French/purple/gloves
4. blue/gorgeous/big eyes
5. a wooden/rectangular/brown table
6. a china/white/small/cup
7. tomato/delicious/hot soup

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8. a black/old/large/wardrobe
9. a woollen/new/nice/blue/sweater

5 a) Write the description of three things you have in your room.

b) In pairs, read your descriptions to each other and try to guess
what the objects are. If you can’t guess, read the description to your
group to guess.

1.
2.
3.

6 Revision of irregular verbs. Add 7 verbs which have -i- in V1, -a- in V2
and -u- in V3.

V1 V2 V3
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
(Неопределённая (Прошедшее простое (Страдательное
форма) время) причастие прошедшего
-i- -a- времени)
-u-
1. to begin (начинать)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
7.

7 Revision of irregular verbs. Add 4 verbs which have -ought in V2 and

V3 and 2 verbs which have -aught in V2 and V3. Write the translation
of the verbs.

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 V1 V2 V3
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
(Неопределённая форма) (Прошедшее (Страдательное
простое время) причастие прошедшего
времени)
-ought -ought
1. to bring (приносить) brought brought
2.
3.
4.
5.
-aught -aught
6.
7.

3. be/to the Polytechnic Museum  — three days ago  — with my brother

A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:

8 Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.

He has been at school since half past eight. — Он в школе с половины девятого.

1. They have solved three tasks.

2. How long was he the headmaster of this school?

3. He has been ill since last Monday.

4. How long have you known each other?
5. We have lived in Moscow for ten years.
6. They have left for Novgorod.
7. How long did you study at that school?
8. How long have they had these bicycles?

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9. Has she found her purse?
10. I haven’t seen her since Monday.
11. We have been here since Tuesday.
12. How long has he worked for this company?
13. Has he come back yet?
14. They lived in Paris for a year.
15. How long did he work at the local hospital?

9 Revision of irregular verbs. Add 5 verbs which have -o- in V2 and

-o-en in V3. Write the translation of the verbs.

V1 V2 V3
Infinitive Past Simple Past Participle
(Неопределённая форма) (Прошедшее (Страдательное
простое время) причастие прошедшего
времени)
-o- -o-en
1. to break (сломать) broke broken
2.
3.
4.
5.

10 Fill in must or can’t, as in the example.

When we came back home, the light was on. We must have forgotten to switch it off.

1. He failed his exam yesterday. He have prepared well for it.

2. I can’t find my gloves anywhere. I have left them in the taxi.
3. Look! The fridge is full. Our parents have been to the shop.
4. Henry is a very polite person. He have said such rude words.
5. Now it’s 10 pm. He’s been working since 8 am. He be exhausted.
6. His marks are very bad. He be satisfied with his results.
7. He have read this book. He started reading it an hour ago.
8. He be at home now. He is usually at work at this time.
9. You have seen Dan at the party last Sunday. He was ill.
10. We’re waiting for him for 2 hours! He have overslept.

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