Philippine Christian University

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Dasmariñas Campus

DESIGNING LOW-COST AND SUSTAINABLE RESIDENTIAL HOUSE

A Scientific Proposal

Presented to

The Faculty of the Research Department of STEM 12

Philippine Christian University - Dasmarinas

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the grade 12 senior high school

by
Ulysses Cabrera Porte

April, 2021

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction of the Scientific Problem

Scientific Literatures
A. Introduction
B. Analysis
C. Synthesis
Research Hypothesis
Methodology
A. Research Design
B. Rationale
C. Initial Structures
D. Target Product/Program
E. Materials/Areas of Consideration
F. Procedures
G. Time Table
H. Description of Set - ups/Tests
Data Analysis
A. Discussion of the Variables
B. Discussion of the Criteria
C. Relevance of the Criteria in the Research
D. Restatement of the Scientific Hypothesis
E. Statistical Analysis
Conclusion and Recommendation
A. Conclusion
B. Recommendations
References

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION OF THE SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM

Cities are growing at an unprecedented rate, presenting an incredible

opportunity for the development of local economies. However, their residents need
good, affordable housing and this remains a challenge around the world. The
challenge of affordability requires not just short-term fixes but also long-term
strategies. Solutions will need to address both the supply side and the demand side
of the housing market, and involve public-sector, private-sector and non-profit
stakeholders.

Chapter 2
SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Introduction

Cities are growing at a phenomenal rate, presenting an incredible

opportunity for the development of local economies. However, their residents
need good and affordable housing – and this remains a challenge around the
world. Sufficient shelter for all people is one of the pressing challenges faced
by developing countries. This capstone project aims to solve or answer the
argument for good designs over cheap construction. Thus, conducting
research and looking for scientific articles that will support and guide this
proposal for it to be successful and effective is essential.

Body
Miles (2000) stated that low-cost housing can be considered
affordable for low- and moderate-income earners if a household can acquire
a housing unit (owned or rented) for an amount of up to 30 percent of its

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

household income. The reasons for a lack of affordability vary from city to city
but commonly include housing costs rising faster than incomes, the supply of
houses not keeping up with demand, scarcity of land, and demographic
changes such as population growth, ageing, and changes in household
composition.

Conclusion
Low-cost housing is a new concept which deals with effective
budgeting and following techniques which help reducing construction cost
through the use of locally available materials along with improved skills and
technologies without sacrificing the strength, performance and life of the
structure (Kumar, 1999; Civil Engineering Portal, 2008). There is huge
misconception that low-cost housing is suitable for only sub-standard works
and they are constructed by utilizing cheap building materials of low quality.
The fact is that low-cost housing is done by proper management of
resources. An enabling environment for affordable housing can be developed
with the right infrastructure, investment and macroeconomic policies targeted
towards social and financial inclusion.

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Chapter 3

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

Scientific Hypothesis

Making modern houses that uses standard and affordable materials can be cost-

effective than spending it on expensive luxurious house.

Explanation

Cities are growing at an unprecedented rate, presenting an incredible

opportunity for the development of local economies. However, their residents
need good, affordable housing and this remains a challenge around the
world. The challenge of affordability requires not just short-term fixes but also
long-term strategies. Solutions will need to address both the supply side and
the demand side of the housing market, and involve public-sector, private-
sector and non-profit stakeholders.

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Chapter 4
METHODOLOGY

Rationale

A. Cities are growing at a phenomenal rate, presenting an incredible

opportunity for the development of local economies. However, their
residents need good and affordable housing – and this remains a
challenge around the world. Sufficient shelter for all people is one of the
pressing challenges faced by developing countries. That is why people
just go with a good design without thinking about the construction of the
building that would fit their salary and a home that is safe from any
destruction.

B. It's been almost a year since the lockdown in our country happened.
People were still adjusting and recovering from their loss in terms of
businesses, incomes, jobs, family, etc. And because of that, people who
have been desiring to have their own dream house were taking the risk of
buying and building a looking fancy house with cheap construction that
will suit their income and savings. Finding a solution for this problem
might lessen the cases of house destruction and will inform people of the
importance of having a good construction and sustainable house.

C. In conclusion, this study focuses on constructing reasonable yet

sustainable residential houses to provide low-cost housing by proper
supervision of resources. Hence, this will benefit people in developing
countries.

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Target Product
The residential house is named Teiyo. It is a two-storey residential building with
2 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a lanai, a parking lot, kitchen, dining area, and living area.
Perfect for a family looking for an affordable and sustainable house.

Initial Product

Materials

• Cardboards

- walls, doors, roof, plantbox, columns

• Craft Papers

- wallpapers

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

• Glue, Glue Sticks, Adhesive Tapes

- to bond every items

• Carton

- roofs, substitute for cardboards

• Plywood

- strong basement

• Craft Materials

- details

Procedures

The process of constructing a miniature house:

• Start drawing the floor plan on the plywood or any strong base.
• Measure the sizes of the walls, doors, window cases, door cases,
columns, floors, stairs, and any exterior details in cardboard.
• Cut the measured part of the house.
• Paint the walls and glue the painted walls and sidings.
• Stick the columns, walls, and foundation first.
• Glue every small detail of the exterior house has.
• Put the fixtures on the first and second floor.
• Next, create the furniture and the stuff needed for the house.
• After finishing the interior on every floor, create the roof.
• Stick the furnished floors to the base/plywood. Put the first floor then
put the second floor to the first.

• Lastly, put some landscape outside the house gjgjjjjjjjgjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Duration of the Research Experiment

The duration of the research project will take not less than and more
than six weeks. This includes the buying of the materials needed and
doing the procedure above.

Description of the set-ups

a.) In experiment 1, the researcher will use CHB 4" for walling. CHB
stands for Concrete Hollow Block. Which is commonly used in the
Philippines. It is high in durability and has fire resistance and no
salinity. Each CHB 4" cost 12.00, and the area of the wall is 96sq.m
for the first and second floor. For 96sq.m, 1,200 pieces of hollow
blocks will be needed. Multiply the pieces of hollow blocks to 12
pesos and the budget for hollow blocks will cost 14,400.00.

b.) In experiment 2, the material that'll use for walling is Precast Wall
Formblocks. It is ready to install and can be easily equipped for low
energy consumption. Good for in a hurry construction. It costs
₱160/sq.m. Since the wall area is 96 sq.m, multiply 160 to the wall
area and the amount for walling material is ₱15,360.

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Chapter 5
DATA ANALYSIS

Discussion of the Variables

This scientific proposal describes the importance of sustainability and
efficiency of designing low-cost houses as the main variables. It focuses on
finding out a comprehensive structural plan for industries in consideration
with sustainable architectural designs of houses. Sustainability deals on how
the architectural structure will be beneficial on the aspect of development.
Discussion of the Criteria
The researcher had constructed three fundamental criteria to be used in
assessing the quality of the scientific output.
TABLE 1

RATING SCALE FOR THE OVERALL ASSESSMENT ON THE ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURE

Ratings Remarks

5 Excellent

4 Proficient

3 Developing

2 Fairly Structured

1 Needs Further Improvement

Table 1 describes the overall assessment on the architectural structure

For the assessment of the architectural product/structure, the researchers will

be using Likert Scale. Moreover, the evaluation will focus on the
improvement of the structure based on the experimental trials. It also focuses
on the assessment with the two main variables. It assesses ideas of
structure, consistency, practicality and relevance.

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Relevance of the Criteria in Research

The criteria for the scientific proposal are relevant and important to assess
the possibility of a sustainable and efficient architectural design for housing
industries. Moreover, it focuses on the structure and the design which gives
emphasis on the materials, plan, experimental trials and factors that can be
considered in establishing a comprehensive structure. The criteria specify the
rating scale for the general quality of the final product

Restatement of the Scientific Hypothesis

With all the substantial theories and concepts of this research, the researcher
had structured this scientific hypothesis relevant on the accumulation of
comprehensive outputs and scientific findings.
- The sustainability of designing low-cost modern houses that uses standard
and affordable materials can be used for innovating industrial houses.

Statistical Analysis
The researcher had asserted that the confidence level of this proposal is 95%
with a 5% margin of error. The validity of the structure is based on improving
the output based on indicated trials and set -ups. Moreover, the scientific
proposal will be assessed to analyze the level of improvement and positive
differences for the structure based on several criteria. Furthermore, the
scientific proposal is in a specific level of significance and follow a systematic
pattern of scientific inquiries.

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Chapter 6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Conclusion
Based on the scientific process of the research proposal, the researchers
had asserted conclusive ideas such as:
1. In dealing with problems on climate change, sustainable architecture is
necessary.
2. In dealing with financial capabilities, designing low-cost architectural
houses must be proposed.
3. Considering several processes on structure and design, having an efficient
and sustainable house can address environmental problems.
4. Sustainability is one of the factors to be considered for a certain industrial
structure.
5. Designing affordable and sustainable houses must be an option of
innovative industrial structure.

Recommendation
Based on the scientific process of the research proposal, the researchers
had asserted suggestive ideas on scientific gaps:
1. The architectural design of these affordable houses can be proposed with
minimal designs.
2. Sustainability can be focused on the Socio – Economic aspect that is
beneficial in a community.
3. The sustainability of these architectural designs must also consider
proposals on safety and hazard- free structures.

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 Philippine Christian University
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Dasmariñas Campus

Chapter 7
REFERENCE

https://cityterritoryarchitecture.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/
s40410-020-00130-x

https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jcerp/article/view/45189

https://www.intechopen.com/books/different-strategies-of-housing-
design/comprehensive-strategy-for-sustainable-housing-design

https://apo.org.au/node/240921

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