What is a network?
The Internet Society Sri Lanka Chapter
cd,hla hkq l=ulao@
A collection of computers or computer hardware
interconnected with each other using
communication media and communication
devices is known as a network
ikakf s õok udOH iy ikakf s õok WmlrK
u.ska tlsfkl iïnkaO jQ mß.Kl fyda
mß.Kl Wmdx. lsym s hl tl;=jla cd,hla
f,i ye¢kafõ
what is internet?
wka;¾cd,h hkq l=ulao@
Internet is a collection of networks all around the
world connected together
f,dj mqrd úisÍ me;sreKq tlsfkl iïnkaO l,
cd, rdYshl tl;=jla wka;¾cd,h fia ye¢kafõ
It is the fastest available way of communication
and resource sharing in the world
th oekg f,dj mj;sk fõ.j;au ikakf s õok
iy iïm;a fnodyeÍfï l%uhhs
( Known as the information superhighway )
World has become a global village because of it
th f,dj úYaj .ïudkhla njg m;alr ;sfí
Internet has no owner
wka;¾cd,hg whs;slrefjl= ke;
Decisions related to the internet are taken by an
organization called The Internet Society
wka;¾cd,h yd iïnkaO ;Skÿ a ;SrK .kq The
Internet Society kï wdh;kh u.ska .kq ,nhs
It is an American nonprofit organization founded
in 1992 to provide leadership in Internet-related
standards, education, access, and policy.
th wka;¾cd,h yd iïnkaO m%ñ;Sk"a wOHdmkh"
m%fõYh iy ms,sfj;a iïnkaO uQ,sl;ajh .kSug
1992 werUQ ,dNfkd,nk weußldKq wdh;khls
The International Internet Society
https://www.internetsociety.org
Website: www.isoc.lk/
Contact Email: president@isoc.lk
Chartered December 2010
the internet society defines ethics, principles and
protocols related to the internet
wka;¾cd,h yd iïnkaO wdpdr O¾u" uQ,O¾u
iy kshudj,s the internet society u.ska
ks¾udKh lrhs
“The Internet belongs to everyone and no
one.” – Bruce Sterling
The first workable prototype of
the Internet came in the late 1960s with the
creation of ARPANET
wka;¾cd,fha m%:u l%shd;auljk uQ,dlD;sh
1960 § ARPANET ys ìysùu;a iu. ks¾udKh úh
ARPANET, the network which was used for US
military activities was later released for the
access of the public
weußldKq hqOuh lghq;= i|yd ks¾udkh jqKq
ARPANET cd,h miqj idudkH uyck;djf.a
Ndú;h i|yd újD; úh
January 1, 1983 is considered the birthday of
the Internet with the establishment of a new
protocol called TCP/IP
TCP/IP kshudj,sfhys ìysùu;a iu. January 1,
1983 wka;¾cd,fha WmkaÈkh f,i i,lhs
When we access the internet from our computer,
we become a part of it
wmf.a mß.Klfhka wka;¾cd,h iu. iïnkaO
jQ úg wm wka;¾cd,fha fldgila njg m;afõ
What is an IP address?
IP ,smsk hkq fudkjdo?

Internet Protocol Addresses are used to

individually identify and locate all the computers
connected to the internet
wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaO ù we;s mß.Kl
fjkalr y÷kd .ekSu iy msyg s qùu i|yd fïjd
Ndú;d lrhs

they are numerical labels

fïjd wxls; f,an,hka h

there are two versions

fïjd ixialrK folls
IPv4 (1980-present)
IPv6 (1995-present)
minimum represented IP
In the syllabus we discuss about IPv4 ksrEms; wju IP ,smskh
úYh ks¾foaYh ;=,§ IPv4 Ndú;d lrhs 0.0.0.0

They can be represented in two forms Maximum represented IP

fïjd wdldr follska ksrEmKh lrhs ksrEms; Wmßu IP ,smskh
255.255.255.255

Dotted decimal form Range

;s;a oYuh wdldrh mrdih
0.0.0.0 - 255.255.255.255
Designed for the ease of human use
ñksidf.a Ndú;d lsÍfï myiqj i|yd Total number of representable addresses
In dotted decimal notation, IP Contains four sets ksrEmkh l,yels Wmßu IP m%udKh
of values ranging from 0-255 separated by a dot 4,294,967,296
;s;a oYuh ksrEmKfha§ IP ,smskhl ;s;a ;=klska
fjkajQ 0-255 olajd mrdifha msyg s k w.hka nearly 4.3 Billion
ldKav y;rla mj;S wdikak jYfhka ì,shk 4'3la

EX: 192.168.8.1
172.64.85.42 IP addresses are logically assigned only for the
turn, by the internet service provider when we
are connecting to the internet
Binary form IP ,smsk wm wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaO jk
oaùuh wdldrh fudfydf;a§ tu jdrhg muKla wka;¾cd,
fiajd imhkakd úiska ;d¾lslj mjrkq ,efí
designed for the ease of machines
hka;% j, myiqj i|yd
In binary form, it contains 32 bits
oaùuh ksrEmKfha§ ìgq 32ls

EX: 11110000101010101100101011111100
11001100101010001100000001100111
NOTE: Network Service Provider (NSP) NOTE: Server Computer
cd,lrK fiajd imhk wdh;kh fiajdodhl mß.Klh

a network service provider is a person or a The computer which provide resources, data and
company who has an established network over a services required by other computers is a server
certain geographical area such that they can fjk;a mß.Kl j,ska b,a¨ï lrk iïm;a"
connect two parties to communicate o;a; iy fiajd ,ndfok mß.Kl fiajdodhl
fomd¾Yjhlg iïnkaO ù ikakf s õokh l, mß.Kl f,i ye¢kafõ
yels wdldrfhka ksYÑ a ; N+f.da,Sh msygs qula ;=, They have the ability to work with several
ia:dms; cd,hla iys; mqoa.,fhla fyda computers at the same time
wdh;khla cd,lrK fiajd imhk wdh;khls mß.Kl lsym s hla iu. tljr jevlsÍfï
yelshdj fïjdg mj;S
Ex: Dialog Mobitel server computers contain websites
Hutch SLT fiajdodhl mß.Kl j, fjí wvú mj;S
Airtel LankaBell

NOTE: Client Computers

fiajd,dNS mß.Klh

NOTE: Internet Service Provider (ISP)
wka;¾cd, fiajd imhk wdh;kh
An organization that provides services for
accessing, using, or participating in the Internet is
known as an Internet Service Provider
wdka;¾cd,hg msúiSu" Ndú;d lsÍu iy tys
fldgia lrefjl= njg m;aùug wod, fiajd
imhk wdh;khla wka;¾cd, fiajd imhk
wdh;khla f,i ye¢kafõ
Computers which request resources, services or
data from other computers are client computers
fjk;a mß.Kl j,ska iïm;a" o;a; iy fiajd
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk mß.Kl fïjdh
we, visitors of the internet are the clients
wka;¾cd,fha ixprkh lrk wms fuhg wh;a h
NOTE: Downloading
nd.;lsÍu

Ex: Dialog Mobitel The process of requesting information from

Hutch SLT server computers to client computers is known
Airtel LankaBell as downloading
fiajdodhl mß.Kl j, isg fiajd,dNS mß.Kl
fj; f;dr;=re b,a¨ï lr ,nd.ekSu nd.;lsÍu
f,i ye¢kafõ

NOTE: Uploading
CONTACT: 071 4 5555 13 Wvq.;lsÍu

The process of providing information from the

Ravindu Bandaranayake
Maliyadeva College (Batch 2014 - Science)
client computers to the server computers is
B.Sc. Cyber Security (Undergraduate) known as uploading
BCS Level 5 fiajd,dNS mß.Kl j, isg fiajdodhl
Dropout – SLIIT (Software Engineering)
mß.Kl fj; f;dr;=re ,nd§u Wvq.;lsÍu
Dropout – Wayamba University of Sri Lanka
(Applied Sciences) f,i ye¢kafõ

ict from abc

,xldfõ úYd,;u online ICT mka;sh
What is a Domain Name? Top level domains were found to be used in the
jiï kduhla hkq l=ulao@ relevant field but they are now unrestricted
wdrïNfha § by, uÜgfï jiï kdu
Every Website on the internet is kept on a Server fndfyduhla wod< lafIa;%fha muKla Ndú;d jQ
Computer for the public to access w;r fï jk úg iSud j,ska f;drj Ndú;d fõ
wka;¾cd,fha iEu fjí wvúhlau
fmdÿck;djg msúiSu i|yd fiajdodhl categorized domains
mß.Klhla ;=, .nvd lr mj;S
.com commercial entities
So, every Server computer has to have an IP jd‚cuh lghq;= i|yd
address used for the public to locate it .org organizations
tuksid iEu fiajdodhl mß.Klhlhlu ixúOdk
msyàs u uyck;djg y÷kd.ekSu i|yd IP .net network infrastructures
,smskhla mej;sh hq;=h cd, há;, myiqlï
.edu Educational use
But, keeping a set of numbers in memory to wOHdmksl
access every website is not easy .gov Governmental use
kuq;a iEu fjí wvúhlgu msúiSu i|yd wxl rdcH
rdYshla u;l ;nd .ekSu wmyiqh .mil military use
hqOuh
Domain Name is an easy to remember nickname .int international
given to the IP address of a server computer, so wka;¾cd;sl
that people can easily remember .biz business
jiï kduhla hkq mqoa.,fhl=g myiqfjka u;l fj<|du
;nd.; yels jk mßÈ fiajdodhl mß.Klhl .info informational
IP ,smskhg wod,j fh¥ wkaj¾: kduhls f;dr;=re
.mobi mobile friendly
EX: ictfromabc.com cx.u ÿrl:k i|yd jQ
facebook.com .aero air transport
.=jka.uka
A domain name consist of several parts .travel travel industry
jiï kduhlg fldgia lsym s hls .ukd.ukh

Countrywise domains
NOTE: Top Level Domain
by, uÜgfï jiï kduh .lk Sri Lanka
.ca Canada
The part which is right after the last dot of a .cn mainland China
domain name is the TLD. .au Australia
jiï kduhl wjidk ;s;g miqj we;s fldgi .in India
by, uÜgfï jiï kduhhs .jp Japan
Also called domain extensions .uk United Kingdom
jiï È.= f,io ye¢kafõ .ru Russia
.us United States of America
TLDs typically represent a description about the
website associated with it, such as the
geographical area, type, or who owns it.
fuu.ska fjí wvúfha N+f.da,Sh msyà s u" whs;sh
fyda j¾.h ms<sU| jeäÿr f;dr;=re ,ndfoa

google.com
google.co.uk