Personal Relationships

- This is the type of relationship which is closely associated with the person and which can
only have meaning to this person. This also involves degree of commitment to another
person.

3 Attachment Styles as define by Ainsworth Blekar, Waters, and Wall (1978)

1. Secure Attachment - primary caregiver is most of the time present and available and when all
the emotional needs of an infant are met, providing a sense of security to the infant.
2. Avoidant Attachment- primary care giver is cold and detached, and even unresponsive to the
child’s needs.
3. Anxious- ambivalent attachment – primary caregiver is not consistent in terms of presence and
in meeting a child’s emotional need.

3 stages of Falling in love according to Helen Fisher

1. Lust- driven by the sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen.

2. Attraction – “lovestruct” phase. This is the stage when a person loses sleep and appetite over
someone, and swoons while daydreaming of this special person.
3. Attachment – this is where long lasting commitments are exchanged, and may lead to raising a
family.
 Oxytocin- believed to promote intimacy.
 Vasopressin – promotes long term relationship

Theories and research results mentioned by Rozenberg Quarterly that are related to attraction and
liking

1. Transference – meeting people who we immediately like or dislike. Usually, these people remind
us of someone in the past who has affected our sense of self and our behavior.
2. Propinquity – proximity as another possible factor why we like a person.
3. Similarity – liking people who we have similarities with.
4. Reciprocity – we like people who like us back
5. Physical attractiveness
6. Personality characteristics and traits

Robert Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love (the absence of the three element is the eighth type of
love called “non-love”.

1. Intimacy – that lovely moment when someone understands and validates us.
2. Commitment – an act of deciding to consistently fulfill and live by the agreements made with
another person, entity, or cause, and where the values of integrity and respect serve as a guide
to one’s behavior and thinking.
3. Passion – intense state of being that drives and consumes a person to pursue an interest, a
vision, or a person.
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS

- Tends to be less intimate, with lesser self- disclosure involved, but may still be exclusive, and
may demand certain levels of loyalty.

Varieties or types of Social Influence

1. Compliance – iw when a person seems to agree, and follows what is requested or required of
him or her to do or believe in, but does not necessarily have to really believe or agree to it
2. Identification- is when a person is influenced by someone he or she looks up to
3. Internalization – is when a person is able to own a certain belief or act, and is willing to make it
known publicly and privately.
4. Conformity
5. Conversion – when an individual whole-heartedly changes his or her original thinking and
beliefs, actions, and attitudes to align with those of the other members of the group.
6. Minority influence
7. Reactance – there is a willing rejection of the social influence
8. Obedience
9. Persuasion

Theories of leadership

1. Trait theory – there are certain personality traits inherent in and suited for all leaders.
2. Behavior theory – presupposes that leadership is a learned behavior, and leaders are defined
according to certain types of behavior they exhibit
3. Participative theory – involves other people in making common decision
4. Situational theory – leader’s behavior is based on the factors present in a situation, and usually
takes into consideration on how followers behave
5. Transactional theory – involves transactions or negotiations of resources or position, usually
employ reward and punishment
6. Transformational theory – the role of the leader is in motivating others to support the vision and
make it happen
7. Authentic leadership
a. Leadership is situational
b. Leadership is relational
c. Leadership is non hierarchical
8. Heroic leadership
a. Self awareness
b. Ingenuity
c. Love
d. Heroism
3 types of leaders

1. Why – usually the visionary, the one who believes results can be achieved.
2. How – realist who is able to see how to work out a vision
3. What – builder who provides the details on how to get things done

Conflict – dynamics between persons, groups, etc who perceive another as a threat to their interest or
needs.

2 responses of conflict

- Fight
- Flight
o Avoiding
o Ignoring
o Denying

4 strategies that people employ when dealing with conflict

1. Flight –force other party to accept a stand that is against that party’s interest.
2. Submit – yield to demands of the other party and agree to end the conflict
3. Flee – leave the situation where the conflict is occurring or change the topic
4. Freeze – do nothing and just wait for the other party’s next more or allow the pressure to
build up

2 dimensions to conflict resolving behavior

1. Assertiveness -the extent to which a person will try to satisfy his or her own needs of interest.
2. Cooperativeness- the extent to which the person will attempt to satisfy the other person’s
need or interest

5 modes in dealing with conflict based on the 2 dimention

1. Competing – assertive and cooperative

2. Accommodating – unassertive and uncooperative
3. Compromising – moderately assertive and moderately cooperative.
4. Avoiding – unassertive and uncooperative
5. Collaborating – assertive and cooperative