Psychological Assessment and Measurement Report No 2

(Beck Depression Inventory)

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Introduction

Beck Depression Inventory

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21question
multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for
measuring the severity of depression. Its development marked a shift among mental health
professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead
of it being rooted in the patient's own thoughts.

In its current version, the BDI-II is designed for individuals aged 13 and over, and is composed of
items relating to symptoms of depression such as hopelessness and irritability, cognitions such as
guilt or feelings of being punished, as well as physical symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, and
lack of interest in sex.

There are three versions of the BDI—the original BDI, first published in 1961 and later revised in
1978 as the BDI-1A, and the BDI-II, published in 1996. The BDI is widely used as an assessment
tool by health care professionals and researchers in a variety of settings. The BDI was used as a
model for the development of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), first published in 1979
by clinical psychologist Maria Kovacs.

The original BDI, first published in 1961, consisted of twenty-one questions about how the subject
has been feeling in the last week. Each question had a set of at least four possible responses, ranging
in intensity. For example:

• (0) I do not feel sad.

• (1) I feel sad.

• (2) I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it.

• (3) I am so sad or unhappy that I can't stand it.

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When the test is scored, a value of 0 to 3 is assigned for each answer and then the total score is
compared to a key to determine the depression's severity. The standard cut-off scores were as
follows:

• 0–9: indicates minimal depression

• 10–18: indicates mild depression

• 19–29: indicates moderate depression

• 30–63: indicates severe depression.

Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

Some items on the original BDI had more than one statement marked with the same score. For
instance, there are two responses under the Mood heading that score a 2: (2a) "I am blue or sad all

the time and I can't snap out of it" and (2b) "I am so sad or unhappy that it is very painful".

Validity and Reliability

The BDI test is widely known and has been tested for content, concurrent, and construct validity.
High concurrent validity ratings are given between the BDI and other depression instruments as
the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Scale; 0.77
correlation rating was calculated when compared with inventory and psychiatric ratings. The BDI
has also showed high construct validity with the medical symptoms it measures. Beck’s study
reported a coefficient alpha rating of .92 for outpatients and .93 for college student samples. The
BDI-II positively correlated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, r = 0.71, had a one-week
test–retest reliability of r = 0.93 and an internal consistency α=.91.

Instructions

I give the client the test and ask her to fill this test according to his situation, honestly. She takes
about 8 minutes to fill the test.

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Bio Data

Name: I.I

Fathers Name: M. I

Date of Birth: 12-11-1999

Age: 22

Gender: female

Siblings: 5

Socio-Economic Status: Middle

Examiner: Tauheed Ahmad

Assessment Date: 1-2-2022

Report No: 2

Identifying Information

She is 22 years old. She belongs to a Punjabi middle family. Her father is a manager Private
company and her mother is a house wife. she has 5 siblings.

Reason and Source of Referral

The clint was referred for the purpose of psychological assessment.

Presenting Complain

• Fatigue
• Irritated

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 • Sleep problems

Developmental History of the Problems

Because of COVID-19 she lost her father a year ago. She faced a moderate depression because of
her father’s death.

Background Information

• Developmental History

She belonged to a well-established family. Financially her father was a manager in a private
company and having good salary. She was brought up in a very good atmosphere facing issues
before her father.

• Family History

She has 5 siblings, 4 sisters and 1 brother. She was 3rd in order among her sibling. Mostly she had
very reasonable relationship with her family members.

• Educational History

She has average student at school and now she is doing her BS psychology in GC university
Faisalabad.

• Social History

She is very friendly with her friends.

• History of Psychiatric/Medical Illness

Client has no psychiatric and medical history.

Psychological Assessment

• Behavioral Observation

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1.Mood: she has angry mood.

2.Thoughts: she has negative thoughts

3.Perception: she has normal perception

4.Orientation: history was taken at her college, in afternoon

Psychological Testing

• Beck Depression Inventory

The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a series of questions developed to measure the intensity,
severity, and depth of depression in patients with psychiatric diagnoses.

Interpretation of Psychological Test

Quantitative Analysis
Score Range Severity Level

38 29-63 Sever

Qualitative Analysis

The client seems to have sever level of depression in beck depression inventory.

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Appendix B

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