BILAL PERVIAZ

191520153

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)

Introduction
This BDI was developed by Aaron T. Beck, a pioneer of cognitive therapy. Its objective
is to monitor, detect and assess the changes in depressive symptoms among people in a
mental health care setting.
The Beck Depression inventory was basically introduced and developed in 1961, it was
adapted in 1969 and it was copyrighted in 1979. BDI-II is the second version which was
developed and published in 1996
BDI or Beck Depression Inventory is an assessment tool that consists of 21 questions
which are self-reported. These questions are developed to measure the severity, depth and
intensity of depression symptoms in clients that are aged between 13 and 80.
There are 21 items in this inventory with following face validity.

1. Sadness 11. Agitation

2. Pessimism 12. Loss of Interest
3. Past Failure 13. Indecisiveness
4. Loss of Pleasure 14. Worthlessness
5. Guilty Feeling 15. Loss of Energy
6. Punishment Feeling 16. Change in Sleeping Pattern
7. Self-Dislike 17. Irritability
8. Self-Criticalness 18. Change in Appetite
9. Suicidal Thoughts 19. Concentration Difficulty
10. Crying 20. Fatigue
21. Loss of Interest in Sex
Rating scale; 0---3.

 Not At All
 Mildly
 Moderately
 Severely

Procedure
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, multiple-choice inventory. In this test
participants give responses with respect to their experiences based on four response
choices according to the severity of the symptoms, ranging from the absence of a
symptom to an intense level, during the past week.  The BDI takes approximately 10
minutes to complete. After solving inventory, you have to add all answers regarding each
item.
The sum of scores from all the BDI items tells us how severe the symptoms of depression
are. The individuals who have been clinically diagnosed with depression and general
population are scored differently on this test. A score of 21 for general population, over
represents the depression while in case of people clinically diagnosed with depression, a
score of 0 to 9 represents minimal depressive symptoms, scores ranging from 10 to 16
mean mild depression, a score of 17 to 29 represent moderate depression and a score of
30 to 63 indicates severe depression.

Total Score____________________Levels of Depression

1-10___________________ Normal
11-16___________________Mild mood disturbance
17-20___________________Borderline clinical depression
21-30___________________Moderate depression
31-40___________________Severe depression over
40- 63_________________ Extreme depression

Qualitative Interpretation
Participant score is 20, falls in moderate level depression
 This score means that respondent has moderate level of depression. This is the
indication of depression, the type of specific depression (borderline clinical
depression).