GEOGRAPHY

VIII
L 5 - Industries

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

Industry refers to an economic activity that

 deals in the production of goods(e.g. iron and steel industry)

 other activities like minerals extraction (e.g.coal mining industry)
 provision of services (e.g.tourism industry)

(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

 availability of raw material

 land,
 water Physical
factors
 labour
 power

 capital
 transport Human
 market factors

 the government policies

(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why?

 Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry.

 Almost everything we use is made of iron and steel.
 Ships, trains, trucks etc. are made largely of steel.
 Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery and steel pipelines transport oil.
 Farm machines and large buildings have steel framework.
(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

Rapid expansion of the industry in Mumbai due to-

 The warm, moist climate,

 port for importing machinery
 availability of raw material
 skilled labour

(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bangalore and
California?

Similarity between the information technology industry in Bangalore and California:

 Presence of high quality educational institutions and scientific and technological

research centers.
 Presence of skilled and trained workforce.
 Access to major markets as Located close to major roads and airports
 Well developed infrastructure with plenty of space for future expansion.
 Pleasant climate throughout the year and clean surroundings and

3. Distinguish between the followings.

(i) How are industries classified on the basis of source of raw material? Explain with
suitable examples.

 Agro based industries - These industries use plant and animal based products as their
raw materials. e.g. Food processing, dairy products and leather industries
 Mineral based industries- industries that use mineral ores as their raw materials. Iron
and steel and railway coaches.
 Marine based industries- use products from the sea and oceans as raw materials.
e.g. Industries processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil.
 Forest based industries - utilise forest produce as raw materials. E.g. pulp and paper,
furniture and buildings.
(ii) How are industries classified on the basis of ownership?

 Public sector industries - are owned and operated by the government, such as Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited
 Private sector industry - These industries are owned and operated by individuals or a
group of individuals. e.g. Tata Iron and Steel Company.
 Joint sector industry- These industries are owned and operated by the government and
individuals or a group of individuals. e.g. Maruti Udyog Limited
 Co-operative sector industries – are owned and operated by the producers of raw
materials, workers or both. Anand Milk Union Limited.

EXTRA QUESTIONS

1. Classify the Industries on the basis of size

 Large scale industries- produce large volumes of products. Investment of capital and
labour is higher and the technology used is superior. Production of automobiles and
heavy machinery are the examples.

 Small scale industries- use lesser amount of labour, capital and technology. E.g.Silk
weaving and food processing industries

 Cottage industries - where the products are manufactured by hand, by the artisans.
E.g Basket weaving, pottery and handicrafts.

2. What factors affected location of iron and steel in Pittsburgh with Jamshedpur?
Iron and Steel Industry in Pittsburgh:

 Some of the raw material such as coal is available locally,

 The iron ore comes from the iron mines at Minnesota
 Cheap waterways and trains carry the ores.
 The Ohio, the Monongahela Rivers provide adequate water supply.
 Skilled labour and market also helps in its development.
Iron and Steel Industry in Jamshedpur:

 TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields

 It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits.
 It is well connected by roadways, railways and Kolkata port.
 The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply
 Government initiatives lead to rapid industrial growth in India.

3. Write main features of cotton textile industry in Ahmadabad and Osaka

Cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad
1. It is also known as ‘Manchester of India’
2. The textile industry flourished in Ahmedabad mainly because of the proximity to
the cotton growing regions.
3. The flat topography and easy availability of land facilitated in the establishment
of the mills
4. Skilled as well as semi-skilled labour is found in abundance from the thickly
populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.
5. Several textile mills have been closed down due to old technology.
Cotton textile industry in Osaka
1. It is also known as ‘Manchester of Japan’
2. The textile industry at Osaka depends totally upon the imported raw material.
3. The extensively plain land around Osaka helped in the growth of cotton mills.
4. Labor is easily available in and around Osaka.
5. The cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by industries such as iron
and steel, Shipbuilding, and cement.