Ten blessed Companions

Asharah Mubasharah

 Abu Bakr bin Quhafa ,

 Umar Farooq bin Khattab,
 Uthman bin Affan,
 Ali bin Abi Talib,
 Talha bin Obaidullah,
 Zubair bin al-Awwam,
 Abd-ur-Rahman bin Auf,
 Saad bin Abi Waqqas,
 Saeed bin Zaid,
 Abu Ubaydah bin Abdullah (radi Allahu alaihim ajmaeen).

Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho)

 He was 2 years and 3 months younger than Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 His father was Uthman bin Amir and mother was Salma.
 He was the first, free adult male to accept Islam.
 He motivated many strong people to accept Islam.
 He set the slaves free.
 His daughter Ayeshah (radi Allahu anha) was the wife of the Holy Prophet “Rasool
Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 He was the one who accompanied the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” in the secret migration from Makkah to Madinah.
 The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
gave him the title of Siddique.
 He remained close to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” in all the battles. He gave all he had in the expedition to
Tabuk.
 Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) was the first leader of Hajj.
 He was the one whom the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” in his lifetime ordered to lead the Prayers (salat).
  Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) was one of the Asharah Mubasharah.
 He convinced the people about the demise of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” that he had passed away.
 He saved Islam by crushing the rejecters of Zakaat, the apostatizers and the
false prophets.
 He defeated the Persians and Romans who were threatening Islam.
 He compiled the Quran.

Umar Farooq (radi Allahu anho)

 Umar (radi Allahu anho) belonged to the Quraish family of Banu Adi.
 His father’s name was Khattab and mother was Hantamah.
 Umar (radi Allahu anho) was a learned man.
 In the sixth year of Prophet-hood, Umar (radi Allahu anho) accepted Islam.
 After his conversion to Islam, Muslims performed Prayers (salat) for the first
time in Kabah.
 He was given the title of Farooq.
 He migrated to Madinah and took part in all major battles.
 His daughter Hafsah (radi Allahu anha) was Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” wife.
 He also introduced the words of Azaan
 He remained close to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” in all the battles
 He gave half of his wealth at the time of the Tabuk Expedition.
 He suggested Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) to compile the Quran.
 He defeated and conquered the Persian and Roman Empires.
 He made unique administrative reforms during his Caliphate.
 Feroze martyred him.

Uthman (radi Allahu anho)

 Uthman (radi Allahu anho) belonged to the Banu Ummayya family of the Quraish.
 His father’s name was Affan and mother’s name was Arwah.
  Uthman (radi Allahu anho) was educated and loved learning.
 He lived a chaste life, even during the Age of ignorance, and never drank, gambled
or worshipped idols.
 When he accepted Islam at the hands of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho), his family
started torturing him.
 He married with two daughters of Muhammad Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” and earned the title of Zunnorain.
 Uthman (radi Allahu anho) migrated to Abyssinia with his wife.
 He spent his wealth freely in the way of Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala) and liberated
quite a few Muslim slaves.
 He migrated to Madinah too.
 He bought wells of sweet water and dedicated them to the Muslims and earned the
title of Ghani.
 He took part in all important battles, except Badr, when he was nursing his dying
wife, Ruqayya.
 He was sent to seek permission from the Quraish to perform Umrah in 6 A.H.
 In Tabook expedition he whole heartedly donated, 1000 gold dinars, 300 loaded
camels and 70 horses.
 He was recommended by Umar (radi Allahu anho) as a possible candidate for the
next Caliph.
 In his reign, the Muslim Empire stretched from Morocco to Kabul.
 He transcripted and circulated the Quran.

Ali (radi Allahu anho)

 His Father was Abu Talib and mother was Fatimah bint Asad.
 Ali (radi Allahu anho) was descended from Hashim.
 Ali (radi Allahu anho) was the first cousin of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
 His title was Abu Turab, Lion of Allah and gate of Knowledge.
 At a very early age, Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” took him into his care.
 Ali (radi Allahu anho) often accompanied Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” on trade trips to Syria.
 Ali (radi Allahu anho) learnt reading and writing when he was still a boy.
  Ali (radi Allahu anho) slept on Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” bed on the night of migration to return the
trusts/belongings to their owners.
 He maintained a written record of what he heard from Muhammad “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 He learnt the Holy Quran by heart.
 He was one of the Asharah Mubasharah.
 He won titles of Asadullah and Haider-e-Karrar.
 He was a very learned person, a great orator and poet.
 His source of income was agriculture.
 Ali (radi Allahu anho) participated with the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” in all battles except for the expedition
of Tabuk.
 He killed a disbeliever Walid in the Battle of Badr.
 He killed two very brave disbelievers Amr bin Abd Wud in the Battle of Khandaq
 He killed Marhab at the time of the Battle of Khaybar.
 He wrote the Treaty of Hudaibiyah.
 Ali (radi Allahu anho) was sent by the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” to preach Islam to Madhhij tribe.
 He was sent to destroy the idol Falas of Tai tribe.
 Ali (radi Allahu anho) washed Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” body and entered his grave before laying it there.
 Five hundred and eighty six Ahadith have been narrated by Ali (radi Allahu anho).
 He was recommended by Umar (radi Allahu anho) as a possible candidate for the
next Caliph.
 During his Caliphate, demand to kill the assassins of Uthman (radi Allahu anho)
was so high that he had to fight some battles to stop lawlessness in the country.
 He was martyred by Ibn-e-Muljim.

Talha (radi Allahu anho)

 He belonged to Banu Taim clan of the Quraish.

 Talha (radi Allahu anho) was a very wealthy and generous man.
 A martyr walking on the face of the Earth.
  He earned the titles of ‘Talha-tul-Khair and Talha-tul-Fayyaz.
 He migrated to Abyssinia and Madinah.
 At Badr, he reconnoitered the movements of Makkan caravans.
 At Uhad, he placed himself in front of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” as a human shield and lost his fingers.
 He participated in all the expeditions after Uhad.
 He was recommended by Umar (radi Allahu anho) as a possible candidate for the
next Caliph.
 He was one of the nominee of the caliphate after the martyrdom Uthman (radi
Allahu anho)
 He was martyred after he left the Battle of Jamel in 36 A.H, at the age of 62.

Zubair bin al-Awwam (radi Allahu anho)

 He was the nephew of Khadijah (radi Allahu anha).

 He was the cousin of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”.
 He accepted Islam at the age of 15 or 16.
 He migrated to Madinah.
 He fought in all of Muhammad’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” campaigns.
 He was a spy in the Battle of Trench.
 He led expeditions for Umar (radi Allahu anho).
 He was recommended by Umar (radi Allahu anho) as a possible candidate for the
next Caliph.
 He was one of the nominee of the caliphate after the martyrdom Uthman (radi
Allahu anho)
 He was martyred after he left the Battle of Jamel.

Abd-ur-Rahman bin Auf (radi Allahu anho)

 He migrated to Abyssinia and Madinah/Yathrib.

 He started a small-scale business in Madinah and became one of the wealthiest
merchants.
  Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” said, “O
Allah! Give Abd-ur-Rahman bin Auf drink from Salsabil in Paradise.”
 He gave all he had in Tabook Expedition.
 Once he gave 40000 Dinars in the way of Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala).
 At another time, he gave 50000 Dirham in the way of Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala).
 He was recommended by Umar (radi Allahu anho) as a possible candidate for the
caliphate.
 He performed as judge in the election of Uthman and Ali after the martyrdom of
Omer (radi Allahu anhum)
 He led expedition against Christian Governor of Doma-tul-Jandal.
 He died in Madinah at the age of 72.

Saad bin Abi Waqqas (radi Allahu anho)

 His father’s real name was Malik and his mother was Hamnah.
 He was a maternal uncle of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”.
 He was 13 years old when he accepted Islam.
 His mother protested his acceptance of Islam by threatening to starve herself to
death.
 Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” said, “O
Allah, answer Saad when he supplicates Thee.”
 He participated in all the battles in the life of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 During the Battle of Uhad, Saad shot some 1,000 arrows at the enemy.
 He was actively engaged in the Conquest of Persia.
 He was Governor of Iran during the Caliphate of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho).
 Recommended by Umar (radi Allahu anho) as a possible candidate for the caliphate
 He was Commander in Chief of Muslim army during the Conquest of Iraq in the time
Omer (radi Allahu anho).
 He was the Governor of Kufa during the Caliphate of Omer and Uthman (radi Allahu
anhuma).
 He was an expert in archery.
 He narrated 215 Ahadith.
Saeed bin Zaid (radi Allahu anho)

 He was monotheist.
 He was the brother-in-law of Umar (radi Allahu anho).
 He and his wife had accepted Islam together.
 He migrated to Madinah.
 He was well known for his piety.
 He took part in the Battle of Ajnadayn against the Byzantine Empire.
 He commanded a cavalry contingent during the Battle for Damascus.
 He commanded an infantry division during the Battle of Yarmok.
 He passed away in Kufa.

Abu Ubaidah Al-Jarrah (radi Allahu anho)

 Abu Ubaidah (radi Allahu anho) was one of the most distinguished companions of
the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 First, he migrated to Abyssinia and then to Madinah.
 In the Battle of Badr he killed his father.
 In the Battle of Uhad, two of his teeth broke while pulling out the metal link
of the helmet from the cheek of Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 He was one of the commanders at the time of the Conquest of Makkah.
 He was made judge for Banu Najran.
 After the demise of Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”, his name was figured for the appointment as Caliph too.
 He was appointed a commander for the Army in Syria for tactical reasons by Umar
(radi Allahu anho) in place of Khalid bin Walid.
 He is the one who conquered Damascus where he is said to be buried.
 He was recommended by Umar (radi Allahu anho) as a possible candidate for the
Caliphate.
 He won the title “The trustee of the Muslim nation.”

Reasons that why they are known by this term

Or
Reasons to respect them

Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” gave them
the happy tidings of paradise in their lives. They were given this honour due to their
attachment with the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” in his happy and sad moments. They were the early supporters of Islam and
bore persecutions at the hands of the Quraish. When the Qiblah changed from Masjid-e-
Aqsa to Holy Kabah, they moved behind Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” without any hesitation whereas, many others were reluctant.
During the Battle of Uhad, when Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” was targeted by the Quraish, these people formed a defensive
ring around him by risking their own lives. In this course of time, many of them were
injured and especially Talha (radi Allahu anho) lost his fingers while protecting
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” from the swords
of Quraish. For Tabuk expedition, many of them whole heartedly contributed, such as
Abu Bakr and Abd-ur-Rahman bin Auf (radi Allahu anhuma) gave all their belongings,
Umar (radi Allahu anho) gave half of his belongings, Uthman (radi Allahu anho) gave
1000 gold dinars, 300 loaded camels and 70 horses.

Expected questions

 Identify the Ten Blessed Companions and explain why they were known by this
name.
 Why do the Muslims respect them?
 Why are they known by this term?
 Write brief notes about the lives of any three of these companions who did not
become Caliphs later on.
Important personalities

Zaid bin Harith (radi Allahu anho)

 Zaid (radi Allahu anho) was captured during his childhood and sold as a slave in
the market of Ukaz.
 Hakim bin Hizam purchased him for his paternal aunt, Khadijah (radi Allahu anha).
 After her marriage with the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”, she gifted him to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 Zaid (radi Allahu anho) was so much impressed by the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” that later he did not return to
his parents.
 The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
loved him so much that he selected him as his son.
 But later Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala) abolished the tradition of considering an
adopted child as a real child.
 The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
got Zaid (radi Allahu anho) married to his cousin Zainab (radi Allahu anha) in
order to reduce class distinctions.
 Eventually, for certain reasons, the marriage ended in divorce.
 Zaid (radi Allahu anho) was one of the first converts to Islam.
 When Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” went
to Taif to preach Islam, Zaid (radi Allahu anho) accompanied him.
 He was also badly injured while protecting the Holy Prophet of Allah (Subhanahu
wa-ta’ala) when the people of Taif threw stones at them.
 After the migration to Yathrib he was paired with Hamza (radi Allahu anho).
 A few months later, Muhammad Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” and Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) sent Zaid (radi Allahu anho)
back to Makkah to escort their families to Madinah.
 He fought at Badr, Ohad, Trench and Khaybar.
 When Muhammad went for battle of Al-Marisee, he left Zaid (radi Allahu anho)
behind as governor in Madinah.
 Zaid (radi Allahu anho) commanded seven military expeditions including the Battle
of Mautah in which he was martyred.
Model from Zaid’s (radi Allahu anho) relationships with the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”

Their relation can tell Muslims that it is not just immediate relations that are
important, and that Muslims should look after other family members as well. Adoption
is also important in Islam that adopted children are to be given the same treatment in
the family as other children. Although Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala) later excluded the
adopted children from inheritance, their treatment within the family should be like
your own children but they are considered as na mahram; one can marry with them
therefore, after they grow adult then Islamic values must be kept in mind regarding
rights and limits of opposite genders.

Expected questions

1) What do we learn from Zayd’s (radi Allahu anho) relationships with the Holy
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” ?

Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho)

 He was the principal scribe of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 He learnt Hebrew language and became an official interpreter and translator for
the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.
 His deep knowledge of the Holy Qur’an made him a great companion of the Holy
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” despite the
fact that he was much younger.
 After the Battle of Yamama, he was chosen as the Head of the Committee which was
given the task of compiling the Holy Qur’an at one place.
 During the period of the third Caliph, it was Zaid bin Thabit (radi Allahu anho)
who was given the task of preparing a standard version of the Qur’an
 He completed this task quite diligently in five to seven copies through the help
of Mus’haf-e-Hafsah (the notes which he had prepared in the time of 1st caliph).
Abdullah bin Masud (radi Allahu anho)

 Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” said about

him, “Whoever likes to recite the Qur’an as fresh (i.e., accurately) as it was
revealed, let him recite it the way it is recited by the son of Umm-e-Abd.”
 He had knowledge of the Holy Qur’an, both in the form of recitation and content.
 He did not hand over his own copy of the Qur’an to Uthman (radi Allahu anho) for
burning.
 He is reported to be the authority on some 800 traditions.

Abdul Muttalib

Abdul Muttalib

 Chief of Banu Hashim.

 Discovered the well of Zam Zam.
 He was the custodian of Holy Kabah and was responsible for providing pilgrims
with food.
 Had dialogues with Abraha.

Abu Talib

 The custodian and uncle of Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin

SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
 When on a trade journey to Syria, Baheera/Buhaira Rahib told Abu Talib not to
take Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” to
Syria Abu Talib brought him back to Makkah to avoid any risk.
 Abu Talib did not hand over the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” to the Qurasih.
 He gave trible support to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
 He protected the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” during the boycott.
 The demise of Abu Talib threatened the security of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” at Makkah.
  Write about the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” relationship with Abu Talib and learning point from this relation.
 Explain why the demise of Abu Talib was a significant event for the Holy Prophet
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.

Haleema Sadia (radi Allahu anha)

 Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” was

entrusted to the care of Haleema Sadia for feeding him and bringing him up.
 Many miracles took place in the childhood.
 Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” always
called Haleema, “My mother.”
 Later, Haleema and her whole family embraced Islam.
Expected questions

1. Write about the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” relationship with Halimah Sadiah (radi Allahu anhuma) and learning
points from this relation.

Hamzah (radi Allahu anho)

 He was the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi

Wasallam” uncle, his foster brother and also the son of his maternal aunt.
 He was known all over Makkah for his expertise in the art of wrestling, hunting,
archery and swordsman-ship.
 His acceptance of Islam enabled the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” to preach it openly which till then was almost a
dream.
 In the Ramadan of 1st Hijra he was deputed to lead a contingent of 30 Muhajirin
to the shores of Red Sea to monitor the movement of Makkan trade caravans.
 In the Battle of Badr, he killed Utba bin Rabia, a towering figure of the Quraish
and single-handedly killed many more pagans.
 In the Battle of Uhad, he was martyred at the hands of Wahshi who had been
specially deputed to accomplish this job by Hinda.
 Hamza (radi Allahu anho) was buried by the side of Uhad mountain
  The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
himself conferred the title of “Chief of the Martyrs” upon him.

Lesson of loyalty from the loyalty of Hamzah (radi Allahu anho) to the
Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”.

They can show loyalty to their families and friends by helping them and by standing
beside them even when they do not always want to, as Hamzah (radi Allaho anho) being
a non-Muslim and enemy of Islam, beat Abu Jahal when he abused Muhammad “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”. Muslims can show loyalty to their faith
by not giving up in times of difficulty or ease. They can show loyalty to their friends
and family by always being there for them when they need it or standing up for them as
Hamzah (radi Allaho anho) did not let the Quraish persecute the Muslims.

Expected questions

1. Explain why Hamza (radi Allahu anho) was important in the development of the
Islamic community.
2. Hamzah (radi Allahu anho) showed loyalty to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”. How can Muslims show loyalty in
their everyday lives?

Salman Farsi (radi Allahu anho)

 He was a fire worshipper.

 A royal son but his heart was inclined in the search of true God, he met some
Christians and was impressed.
 He left his home to stay with them but when he came to know about their double
standards, he left them.
 Then he came to one Rahib (Christian Monk) who told him about the advent of last
Prophet and told him about his signs that:
 he would not accept charity,
 he would accept gift,
 there would be a stamp on his back between shoulders.
 He came to Arab for the search of Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” but a Jew enslaved him in Yathrib.
  When the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” announced about the Holy Prophet-hood.
 He came to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” and after seeing the signs of Prophethood accepted Islam.
 He requested his master to set him free but the master demanded 300 date trees
and some gold.
 It is said the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” planted 299 trees for him and one tree he planted by himself to give
to the Jew for his freedom.
 The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
once said, “Salman is from my family.”
 It was Salman Farsi (radi Allahu anho) who suggested about the digging of trench
around Madinah to save it from the attack of allied forces.

Bilal bin Rabah (radi Allahu anho)

 He was born of an African slave girl of Abyssinian origin who belonged to the
tribe of Bani Juma.
 He was one of the earliest converts.
 His master Ummayyah bin Khalf used all sorts of torture on him to make him change
his mind.
 Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) freed him
 He was given the charge to say Azan
 He took part in almost all of the major encounters.
 In the Battle of Badr, he killed his master
 During the period of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”, he was custodian of Public Treasury.
 He was also given the task to welcome the guests of the Holy Prophet “Rasool
Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” and manage his grocery.
 In the caliphate Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho), he moved to Syria and settled there
permanently.
 He participated in the campaign of Syria under Abu Ubaidah in the time of Umar
(radi Allahu anho)

Lessons from Bilal’s (radi Allahu anho) role in the Islamic community
His ethnic background was not a hindrance in his status as a companion of the Holy
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”, and so racial
equality should be practised amongst Muslims of all communities. His background of
being a slave did not prevent the deep friendship between him and the Holy Prophet
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”, and so all men should be
treated equally despite their class. Due to the beauty of his voice the Holy Prophet
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” favoured him as muezzin,
and that it is the purity of ones heart that Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala) looks at and
the posts must be given to people on the basis of their abilities not cast and colours.
He became role model, symbol of steadfastness and devotion for Islam. We learn from
him about the importance of remaining in the state of ablution as during the incident
of Meraj the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
heard the sound of his footsteps on sky while Bilal (radi Allahu anho) was walking on
earth due to his remaining in ablution.

Significance of the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi

Wasallam” encouraging the liberation of Bilal and Salman from slavery

Whilst slavery was permitted, it was to show that there is a preference for people to
be free, and if you can aid in freeing someone you should. It was also to show that
even though someone had been a slave, or was from another land/country, that their
status in faith was the same as everyone else, and that they should be treated equally.
The equality of humans and their place in the ummah is emphasised over their colour,
ethnicity or background. These former slaves were given prominence in the community to
highlight this equality. It teaches Muslims not to discriminate people because of their
background, ethnicity or social status. It also shows all people are respected in the
eyes of Allah (Subhanahu wa-ta’ala) on account of their piety not on cast, colour and
race.

Expected questions

1) What can be learnt from Bilal’s (radi Allahu anho) role in the Islamic community?
2) What is Significance of the Holy Prophet’s “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” encouraging the liberation of Bilal and Salman from
slavery?

Jaffar son of Abu Talib (radi Allahu anho)

  Jaffar (radi Allahu anho) was the elder brother of Ali (radi Allahu anho).
 He migrated to Abyssinia among the second batch in the fifth year of Prophet-
hood.
 In Abyssinia, he was the one chosen to present the point of view of Muslims
before Negus
 He was martyred and lost both of his hands in the battle of Mautah in 8 A.H
 The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
said, “Allah has granted him two wings in place of his two hands so that he flies
about in Paradise wherever he likes.”

Muaz bin Jabal (radi Allahu anho)

 He converted to Islam at the second pledge of Aqabah.

 He participated in all major battles
 He was sent by the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” to Yemen both as a Governor and judge.
 He was known to be a scholar of the Holy Quran, Sunnah and Islamic Jurisprudence.
When the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” appointed him the Governor of Yemen, he asked him how he would decide
the matters in which he could not find rule in the Holy Quran and Sunnah.
 He replied, “I will do my best by exercising my own judgment.” The Holy Prophet’s
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” response was,
“Praise be to Allah who has guided the messenger of His Prophet to that which
pleases His Prophet.”
 The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
said of him, “The most learned of my Ummah about the lawful and unlawful is Muaz
bin Jabal.”
 During the Caliphate of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho), he returned from Yemen.
 He participated in the expedition which was sent to Syria under the command of
Usama bin Zaid (radi Allahu anho).
 While in Syria, he died of plague in 18 A.H.

Khalid Bin Waleed (radi Allahu anho)

The Sword of Allah
  Khalid bin Waleed (radi Allahu anho) was born in a highly respected family of
Banu Makhzum in nearly 585 A.D.
 He (radi Allahu anho) was cousin of Omer (radi Allahu anho).
 He led a group of disbelievers of Makkah in the battle of Ohad against the Muslim
archers and turned Muslims’ victory into heavy loss.
 During the battle of Mauta, when all three Muslim leaders fell one after the
other, finally, Khalid bin Walid (radi Allahu anho) got the command of the army.
 He reported that the fighting was so intense that he used nine swords which broke
in the battle.
 During the Conquest of Makkah, he was one of the commanders who led the Muslim
army into Makkah and killed some men of Banu Bakr who attacked on the Muslim
army.
 After Tabuk expedition Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” sent him to suppress some tribal leaders who used to threaten
Muslims in their trade to Syria.
 Under the caliphate of first Khalifah, Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho), many people
refused to pay Zakaat and some went too far in claiming the false prophethood
like Musaylimah and others.

Khalid bin Waleed (radi Allahu anho) under the Caliphate of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu
anho) defeated the tyrant Roman and Persians at all fronts and saved their people
from the injustice.

He headed number of battles in the time of Omer (radi Allahu anho) also but later
he decided to make Abu Obaidah (radi Allahu anho) the leader of the Muslims army
instead of Khalid (radi Allahu anho).
 Khalid bin Waleed (radi Allahu anho) clearly understood the delicacy of the
matter, and left his place for Abu Obaidah (radi Allahu anho) after winning the
conflict of Yarmok.
 He died in around 642 A.D in Syria at the age of almost 57.

Expected questions

1. Why did Omer (radi Allahu anho) depose Khalid bin Waleed (radi Allahu anho) from
the post of army chief, and what was his reaction?

Abu Sufyan (radi Allahu anho)

 Abu Sufyan bin Harab (radi Allahu anho) belonged to the tribe of Banu Umayya.
  The name of Abu Sufyan’s (radi Allahu anho) wife was Hinda bint-e-Utba.
 His daughter had married the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” after she emigrated to Madinah from Abyssinia.
 He was part of the close circle of influential Quraish who had planned
assassination of the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam” before migration to Madinah.
 His letter to the Quraish to protect him near Madinah became the cause of battle
of Badr.
 He also commanded Makkan armies in the Battles of Uhad and Ditch
 He sent sohail bin Amr to sign the Treaty of Hudaiybia with the Muslims
 He acknowledged piety and honesty of Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” in front of Hercules
 He ultimately converted to Islam when Makkah was capitulated
 He actively participated in the Taif expedition after the Conquest of Makkah.
 During the Caliphate of Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho), he remained Governor of
Najran and Hijaz.
 He died at the advanced age of 88 in 31 A.H.

Lessons from the involvement of Abu Sufyan (radi Allahu anho) with the Holy Prophet
“Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
Muslims can learn that no matter how fierce a person is against Islam, they can change
and become friends to Islam. Therefore, Muslims should not treat non-Muslims in a bad
way, as they can be part of their community in the future. The example of the Holy
Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” is to treat people
well no matter how they treat you. Muslims can also learn that a new Muslims’ sins are
wiped clean so their past should not be held against them. So Muslims now should not
look down on new Muslims no matter what their background. Abu sufyan (radi Allahu anho)
being enemy spoke truth in front of Roman king about the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” which gives us lesson to remain honest
no matter what the circumstances are. After his conversion Abu sufyan (radi Allahu
anho) stood firm for the cause of Islam and even Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-
Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” gave him respect by declaring his home as shelter
at the time of the conquest of Makkah. These incidents teach us to give due respect to
people.

Expected questions
 1) What lessons do we learn from the involvement of Abu Sufyan (radi Allahu anho)
with the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” ?

Abu Ayub Ansari (radi Allahu anho)

 He belonged to the Khazrij tribe of Ansar at Madinah.

 He had the privilege and honour of hosting the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-
un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” himself when he came to Madinah
 He actively participated in all the major campaigns, both in the lifetime of the
Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” and
after his
 He was witness to the fall of Egypt at the hands of Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu
anho) under whose command he fought this battle against the Romans.
 During the period of Ali (radi Allahu anho), he remained Governor of Madinah.
 During the rule of Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho) he took part in the expedition
which was sent to capture Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire.

Abu Hurairah (radi Allahu anho)

 His real name was Abd-ur-Rahman.

 He was very poor and modest.
 Once the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” saw him cradling a cat; he nicknamed him Abu Hirr (the father of owner
of a cat).
 He memorized more than 5,000 Ahadith and wrote 5374 Ahadith.
 During the Caliphate of Umar (radi Allahu anho) he worked as Amil of Behrain
 He was Governor of Madinah in the Caliphate of Muhawiyah (radi Allahu anho).
 He did not help anyone, neither Muhawiyah nor Ali (radi Allahu anhuma) in the
Battle of Siffin.

Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho)

 Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho) son of bin Wa’al.

  When some of the Muslims migrated to Abyssinia, Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho)
for negotiation with the king to bring the Muslims back but failed.
 He was among those who even devised a plot to kill the Muhammad “Rasool Allah
Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam”
 After the Muslims had settled in Madinah, Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho) convinced
other leaders to wage war to stop the spread of Islam.
 Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho) together with Khalid Ibn Waleed (radi Allahu anho)
attacked on Muslim archers from behind, inflicting heavy losses on them.
 He was there when in 5th A.H. a huge army of the unbelievers could not prolong
the siege around Madinah and had to retreat.
 The repeated failures made Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho) realize that Muslims
were backed by some higher power.
 Najashi motivated him to accept Islam.
 Caliph Abu Bakr (radi Allahu anho) made him commander of one of the Muslim army.
 Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho) took part in many important battles of this
conquest including Battle of Ajnadayn, Siege of Damascus and Battle of Yarmok.
 Omer (radi Allahu anho) made him the commander for the campaign of Egypt.
 In 641 AD, Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho) conquered the whole of Egypt after the
successful Siege of Alexandria.
 After the martyrdom of third Caliph Usman (RA), Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho)
became the right hand man of Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho).
 He managed to stop the battle of Siffin through fastening the Quran.
 He became arbitrator of Muawiyah (radi Allahu anho) after the battle of Siffin.
 Amr bin Aas (radi Allahu anho) became governor of Egypt from the side of Muawiyah
(radi Allahu anho).

Masab bin Umair (radi Allahu anho)

 He was from Banu Hashim

 After his conversion to Islam he was persecuted by the Quraish.
 When he couldn’t bear the tortures he migrated to Habsha.
 After the first Pledge of Aqabah, Muhammad “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” sent him to Yathrib to teach the People.
 He was so much an expert that whoever talked to him about Islam was convinced by
him therefore, within a year more than hundred people accepted Islam.
 He brought two enemies Aus and Khazrij together at one place through the
congregational Prayers (salat) at Yathrib.
  He looked like the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu
Alaihi Wasallam”
 He was martyred in the Battle of Uhad.

Naeem bin Masood (radi Allahu anho)

 He was a Muslim from Ghatfan but his people did not know.
 He came to the Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin SallAllahu Alaihi
Wasallam” during the siege of Trench and said, “I want to create confusion in
the army of the enemy.” The Holy Prophet “Rasool Allah Khatam-un-Nabiyyin
SallAllahu Alaihi Wasallam” allowed him.
 He went to the Jews and said, “The Quraish and other allied are tired of long
siege. They may leave you alone on the disposal of Muslims therefore; take some
of their men as a hostage guarantee until Muhammad is finished.”
 The Jews agreed. On the contrary he went to the confederacy and told them that
Banu Quraiza had backed out by the promise to support them.
 He further said, “They have rejoined the Muslims and to make the Muslims happy
they want to kill some of your men, if they come to ask for hostages, don’t
give.” He also forbade them to disclose his name.
 To check the reality, Quraish and Ghatfan sent some people to ask Banu Quraiza
to get ready for war, but the Quraiza demanded some men of their as hostages.
 Thus Quraish and Ghatfan thought that Quraiza would not help them rather kill
their men, therefore, they were disheartened and at night a wind storm came as
well thus they dispersed.