A Deixis Analysis of Song Lyrics in “Heal the World” Cover by Laskar

EDSA UNIKA Santu Paulus Ruteng in 2021

Robertus Ansi

19102029

Ancikk2020@gmail.com

2021

ABSTRACT

This study aims to analyse the types of deixis used in the lyrics of the song heal
the word cover by “Laskar EDSA UNIKA ST. PAUL RUTENG in 2021”.
Researchers chose this song because this song is easy to hear and gets a good
response from listeners. This research uses qualitative method. The results showed
that in the lyrics of the song “Heal The World” where there are various types of
deixis, they are personal personal deixis, place deixis or spatial deixis, time or
temporal deixis, and social deixis. Based on finding and discussion, personal
deixis came as the most frequently occurring deixis with 69 deixis words found or
75%, the second is spatial deixis there are 19 words or 21%, followed by temporal
deixis there are 3 words or 3% and social deixis there is only 1 word or 1%.

Keywords: Deixis, song lyrics

INTRODUCTION

In everyday life, people being able to speak is essentialy. Speaking is the

delivery of language through more speaker and hearer. In speaking, the term
whether or not to speak is determined by the participant. Participants can have a
good conversation if the speaker and listener pay attention to the conversation. It
can be started from the speaker who gives the best possible speech. In order to
speak, language is becoming a tool to connect speaker and hearer. Marpaung
(2019) explains, language as a communication tool which let the people to
communicate one and other which has meaning to describe their purpose to
keep stay in contact with new ideas. On the other hand, the listener can
contribute by understanding speech. Speaking that is done well by the speaker and
listener has a good impact on the conversation. In this contex how the language is
used in context in the study of language or linguistics is considered to be in
pragmatics field. It is apprehensive with the clarification of linguistic meaning in
use. Levinson (1983:9) states that pragmatics is the learning of them relationship
between language and context that is grammatical, or determined in the structure
of language. Pragmatics also can be defined as the study of the correlation
between the linguistic structure and the user of language itself (Yule, 1996: 4).
The study of pragmatics includes several subfields, one of which is deixis.

The term “deixis‟ is a technical term derived from the Greek word which
has a meaning “pointing” or to “indicate” the part in a language which denote
conventional to the situation, (Yule, 1996:9). So deixis is in order to investigate
the message of the speaker, there are such markers which take some elements of
its meaning from the situation of the utterance in which it is used. Deixis always
needs context to determine the referral. For instance, when a deixis anchors to a
previously metioned entity, the phenomenon is called Anaphora. Deixis is a study
to explain the connection between language and context in the grammatical of the
language itself. It always found in our daily communication, in movie, drama,
short story, poem, poetry or music. In every daily life, people cannot avoid from
music, because music can be inspiration for us as listener. Hidayah (2019) says a
number of lyrics in song also give an inspiration for life. Based on this statement
the author thinks music is very important in our life. Here, researcher was
interested in conducting research in analysing deixis in song lyrics. The song
lyrics were chosen because they usually have the meaning desired by the singer or
songwriter to be shared or conveyed to listeners. The song selected as the object
of research in the title “Heal the World” Cover by Laskar EDSA UNIKA Santu
Paulus Ruteng in 2021.
THEORETICAL REVIEW

Definition

In linguistics, deixis is the use of common words and phrases to denote the

time, place, or context of a particular person, for examples: I, we, you, they, she,
he and it, are contain to the personal deixis. Here, there, these, those, behind,
beside, are refers to place and today, tomorrow, next month, are denotes to
temporal or time deixis. Deixis is the study to identification the relative among
language and situations in language structure context. It is constantly found in our
daily communication, in movie, drama, short story, poem, poetry or in text. The
term “deixis‟ is a technical term derived from the Greek word which has a
meaning “pointing” or to “indicate” the part in a language
which denotes conventional to the situation, (Yule, 1996:9). Deixis is an
important as a field of language studies in itself and very important for language
learners. Abdulameer (2019) stated deixis is an important part of pragmatics that
cannot be ignored regarding language use, because its translation depends on the
particular situation and the speaker's purpose.

But has importance to methodical and pragmatic analysis. This is often and is
best as "to point verbally” it means to point through language. This linguistic
form deixis expression deictic, deictic marker or deictic words and they are
similarly, sometimes called indexicals. According to Zakrimal and Sari (2020:
15) deixis is linguistic aspect which studies about word and phrases which the
meaning can be understood if there is a perspective. Deixis expressions encourage
the speaker to designate text elements of the outside world by “pointing” at them.
With this term deixis, the speaker provides a point of orientation from which the
receiver can interpret and related to the given expression. Deictic expression is
used by the speaker to refer to or identify entities in non-linguistic and linguistic
situations (Saputra & Aspari, 2021)
Types of Deixis

According to the Levinson (1983), deixis has an essential role in studying of

pragmatics. This helps people to understand the importance of the sentence
according to the context of language in use. Deixis can be devided five types,
namely:

1. Personal Deixis

Levinson (1983) states that the deixis of the person is related to determination
to the role of the participant in the speech event. According to the Farah Novianty,
Noer Jihad Saleh, Sukmawaty, (2018:3) said that personal Personal deixis a code
to the role of members in the speech event, such as speaker, addressee, or other
entities. Gede Arga Anggara (2016:2) said that to comprehend the use of personal
deixis, we must able apprehend the roles of the speaker, source of expression,
recipient or target of the utterance, and hearer who does not belong to addressee or
targets. Personal deixis is related to the pronouns such as: I, you, we, they, she, he
and it.

For examples:

1. First person
a. Singular form
I go to the store.
b. Plural form
We are going to Komodo Island next month.
2. Second person
 Singular form
You are right.
 Plural form
You are diligent said teacher to the students. You, indicated to
the students
 3. Third person
 Singular form
She is beautiful girl.
 Plural form
They are tour guides

2. Place Deixis or Spatial Deixis

Levinson (1983), give the definition place or space deixis is related to the
specification of locations relative to anchorage in the speech event. The
general importance of location specifications can be gauged from the fact that
restaurants have a basic way of getting into objects, by describing or naming
them on the one hand and by placing them on the other. While Gede Arga
Anggara (2016:2). The place deixis is used to indicate the location relative to
the participant's location in an even speech. Place deixis is used to appearance
the location relative to the location of a participant in the speech even Place
deixis also identified as spatial deixis is concerned with the spatial location
related to the exclamation. Place deixis is also explain the spatial deixis, where
the relation of the location of people and things is being designated. (Retma
Sari, 2015:3). Place deixis usually expressed in this, these, there, here, that,
those, over, where (and the archaic hither, hence, thither, thence, wither,
whence), left, right, up, down, above, below, in front, behind. For examples:

I will go to your home, wait me there

These island are part of Komodo National Park

3. Time or Temporal Deixis

Time deixis is a time reference relative to a temporal reference
point. Usually, this point is a moment of speech. Time or temporal deixis
is refers to adverb of time as like: now, then, since, today, tomorrow,
yesterday, next month, last month, etc. (Yulfi, 2017:4). Examples:
I am at the market now
 She was in Manggarai last month
4. Discourse Deixis
Discourse deixis is related to the information that forming in the text
throught the expression of speaker utterance. Levinson, (1983), describe that
discourse deixis, also called text deixis. It refers to an expression in a speech
to occupy the part of discourse that contains speech including the speech itself.
Discourse deixis encode references to passages of an ongoing discourse where
the utterance is placed. Discourse deixis related to the demonstrative pronoun
as like, this, that those and these.
Example
I will go to London next week, this was my planning

5. Social deixis

Social deixis belongs to the relationship between speaker and the audience.
Social deixis denotes to the social relations and other social differences. It has
to do with social relationships between the participants, their status, and their
associations with discourse topics. Social deixis is concerned with social
codification speaker, recipient, or third person or entity status. Social deixis
decide into parts, are absolute social deixis, and relational social deixis.

a) Absolute Social Deixis

Absolute social deixis is a deictic which orientation to
several social verses of a reference (special people) other than the
comparative rank of the reference. Absolute social deixis is
expressed in a particular vocation. The address form will not
compare speaker and receiver ratings; there will only be simple
references to absolute status recipients. (Levinson, 1979:207).
Absolute social deixis is correlated with the social role in daily life.
For examples: Mr. President, queen, king or Rector.
Example: Jokowi is my president
b) Relational Social deixis
 Relational social deixis is a deictic reference to the social
relationship between speaker and receiver, observer, or other
references in an extra linguistic context. (Levinson, 1979:207). For
example: my teacher, brother, teacher, father,
mother, etc.
Example: john is my brother
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This research, the writer use qualitative descriptive method. The researcher
takes descriptive research because he describes and analyse of Song Lyrics in
“Heal the World” Cover by Laskar EDSA UNIKA Santu Paulus Ruteng in 2021.
The data source on this study is song lyrics in heal the word. The data collection
technique for this article is by listening the song and reading the lyrics and then
classifying them into types of deixis. The data analysis technique is to identify the
types of social deixis and explain the social relationship between the speaker and
hearer.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Result

The aim of this study is to find and analyze the types of deixis found in
lyrics of the ultimate song "Heal the World". Researchers found that there are five
types of deixis in song lyrics. They are personal deixis, spatial deixis, temporal
deixis, discourse deixis and social deixis.
Table 1. Deixis frequency in One Only song lyrics “heal the world” cover by
Laskar EDSA UNIKA ST. PAULUS 2021

No Types of Deixis Deictical word Frequency Total Percentage

1 Personal Deixis I 2 69 75%

My 2

You 26

Your 1

We 10

It 11

Me 15

Their 1

Us 1

2 Place Deixis or This 5 19 21%

Spatial Deixis
There 13

That 1

3 Time or Temporal Tomorrow 1 3 3%

Deixis
Then 2

4 Social Deixis Brothers 1 1 1%

Total 94 100%
Discussion

After showing the result of t research, the researcher found that the dominant
deixis in “heal the world” song lyrics is personal deixis. It was shown that there
are 75% personal deixis, which representated by the word I, My, You, Your, We,
It, Me and Their. The second is place or spatial deixis 21%, representated by the
word this, there, and that, the third is temporal or time deixis. There are 3% which
related to temporal or time deixis, namely tomorrow and then and the last one is
social deixis just only 1%, which represent word brothers.

1. Personal Deixis

From the table above, it can be realized that in One Only song lyrics, there
are three types of personal deixis, the first person deixis, second person
deixis and third person. The researcher found 69 words that belong to
personal deixis, 19 words containing to the first person deixis (I, My and
me), 27 words including to second person deixis (you and yours), while
for third person deixis, there are 23 words (we, it, their and us) For
example, in the lyrics “For you and for me, and the entire human race”,
contain first person deixis and second person deixis. Second person deixis
“you” refers to the all people in the world, and first person the word “me”
refers to the singer as the object. While for the third person in the lyric
“Heal the world make it a better place” the word it refers to the word
“world”. The researcher there 69 data that belongs to personal deixis from
the lyrics of heal the world.

2. place deixis or Spatial Deixis

Place or space deixis is related to the specification of locations

relative to anchorage in the speech event. As you can see on the table
above there 19 words contain to place or spatial deixis. The author take
one example in the lyric song which related to the place or spatial deixis.
“In this place you'll feel there's no hurt or sorrow” the word this denotes to
world. The writers found 19 data cover to place or spatial deixis.
 3. Time or Temporal Deixis

Time deixis is a time reference relative to a temporal reference point. The

researcher found one data of temporal deixis, that is "tomorrow". In the
lyric, “And this place it was brighter than tomorrow” this means “this
world will be better in future time”.

4. Social Deixis

Social deixis belongs to the relationship between speaker and the audience.
In the lyrics there only one word contain to social deixis namely word
“brothers”. In lyric “In my heart I feel you are all my brothers”. This mean
according to the singer all people in the is his brother and sister.

CONCLUSION

Based on the data and the explanation above, the author found four types of deixis
in the song lyrics of “heal the world”, they personal deixis, place deixis or spatial
deixis, time or temporal deixis, and social deixis. The data foud in song lyrics are
92 data, consist of personal deixis are 69 data, place deixis or spatial, are 19 data,
time or temporal deixis, are 3 data and social deixis is only one datum. From the
data we know that personal deixis more dominant in song lyrics “heal the word”
cover by “Laskar EDSA UNIKA ST. PAULUS RUTENG in 2021”
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