UNDERSTANDING 01

THE SELF
 OBJECTIVES
02 • Discuss the Social, Environmental, and
Other Life Factors (S.E.L.F)
• What Philosophy says about the Self
• What Science says about the Self

Effective Presentation Tips

Overview of
Self/ Identity

The self is a topic that is

often talked about but
largely goes unnoticed.
03

• Self as an Actor
• Self as an Object
 NATURE VS.
NURTURE
Some insists that the self is
predominantly a product of
natural processes to which
04 people are inherently
predisposed. The other side,
meanwhile, argues that the
self should be principally
viewed as an outcome of
various nurturing factors in
the context of one's life.
Effective Presentation Tips
 IDENTITY
VS. SELF
The terms "self" and
"identity" have been loosely
interchanged in various
literature. 05

Effective Presentation Tips

Identity is the quality,
beliefs that make a
particular person different
from others. Self refers to
entire person of an
individual.
 DIMENTIONALITIES OF SELF/ IDENTITY
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTA HEREDITARY PERSON-VOLITION
FACTOR L FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR

Refers to influences of Broadly includes the 06

Biological process by Inclination of a
significant people in physical and communal
which certain traits person to form
one's life. It is the elements present in
and characteristics and construct a
strong foundation of everyday surroundings
one's being. and are invariably dealt are passed from one specific identity
Psychologists refer to with by individuals in a generation to that will set him
this process of specific geographic another. apart from others.
character and traits of region or area
information as
formation of
personality. 
 PHILOSOPHY OF
SELF

The self has been defined as "a unified

07 being, essentially connected to
consciousness, awareness and agency".

The philosophy of the self has been defined

through two distinct lens:
• Empiricism
• Rationalism
 SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE

• Idealism • Idealism • Empiricist

THE • Socratic • Dualism and • Aristotelian
Philosophy Idealism Philosophy
CLASSICAL
• Knowledge is the • Moral virtue is • Ideal is found in
ANTIQUITY personification of rooted in the the phenomena
good while intellect and leads and the universals
ignorance is that to happiness. inside the
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of evil • Wisdom and particulars.
• Self-knowledge is knowledge lead to • Ideals are
the ultimate a virtue which will ESSENCE and
virtue. As the lead to happiness Phenomena Is
ultimate virtue, it MATTER.
will lead to
 MIDDLE AGES

ST. AUGUSTINE
• Platonism
09 • Neoplatonism
• All knowledge leads to God.
• Only the pure in heart can see God
• Love of God, faith in Him, and
understanding of His Gospel will
ultimately lead to happiness
R E N E D E S C A RT E S J O H N LO CK E

• Rationalist • Empiricist
• Mind-Body Dualism • Theory of Personal
• "I think therefore, I
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Identity
am" • It is in consciousness
• The mind and soul can alone that identity
exist without the body exists, not in the body
and soul

D AV I D H U M E IMMANUEL KANT
• Empiricist
• Skeptical Philosophy
• Rationalist/ Empiricist
• All knowledge passes
• Reason is the final
through the senses.
authority of morality.
RENAISSANCE
• Separate ideas can be joined
• The inner self and the PERIOD
in the mind
outer self
• There is no self, only a
bundle of perceptions.
 SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES OF
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THE SELF
SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES
OF THE SELF

BIOLOGICAL/
SOCIAL SCIENCES
PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

• Psychology
• Neurophilosophy
• Sociology
• psychoneuroimmu-
• Anthropology
nolgy • Political Science
• Economics

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