UNDERSTANDING

THE SELF 01
 OBJECTIVES
02 Discuss the Social, Environmental, and
Other Life Factors (S.E.L.F)
What Philosophy says about the Self
What Science says about the Self

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 Overview of
Self/ Identity

The self is a topic that is often

talked about but largely goes
unnoticed.
03

Self as an Actor
Self as an Object
 NATURE VS.
NURTURE
Some insists that the self is
predominantly a product of natural
processes to which people are
04 inherently predisposed. The other
side, meanwhile, argues that the
self should be principally viewed as
an outcome of various nurturing
factors in the context of one's life.

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 IDENTITY
VS. SELF
The terms "self" and "identity"
have been loosely interchanged
in various literature.
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Identity is the quality, beliefs

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that make a particular person
different from others. Self
refers to entire person of an
individual.
 DIMENTIONALITIES OF SELF/ IDENTITY
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEREDITARY PERSON-VOLITION
FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR

Broadly includes the 06

Refers to influences of Biological process by Inclination of a
significant people in one's physical and communal which certain traits and person to form and
life. It is the strong elements present in
characteristics are construct a specific
foundation of one's being. everyday surroundings and
are invariably dealt with by
passed from one identity that will set
Psychologists refer to this
process of character and individuals in a specific generation to another. him apart from
traits of information as geographic region or area others.
formation of personality. 
 PHILOSOPHY OF
SELF

The self has been defined as "a unified being,

07 essentially connected to consciousness, awareness
and agency".

The philosophy of the self has been defined through

two distinct lens:
Empiricism
Rationalism
 SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE

Idealism Idealism Empiricist

THE Socratic Philosophy Dualism and Aristotelian
Knowledge is the Idealism Philosophy
CLASSICAL personification of Moral virtue is Ideal is found in the
ANTIQUITY good while rooted in the phenomena and the
ignorance is that of intellect and leads to universals inside the
evil happiness. particulars.
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Self-knowledge is Wisdom and Ideals are ESSENCE
the ultimate virtue. knowledge lead to a and Phenomena Is
As the ultimate virtue which will lead MATTER.
virtue, it will lead to to happiness
ultimate happiness. 
 MIDDLE AGES

ST. AUGUSTINE
Platonism
09 Neoplatonism
All knowledge leads to God.
Only the pure in heart can see God
Love of God, faith in Him, and
understanding of His Gospel will
ultimately lead to happiness
RENE DESCARTES JOHN LOCKE

Rationalist Empiricist
Mind-Body Dualism Theory of Personal
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"I think therefore, I am" Identity
The mind and soul can It is in consciousness
exist without the body alone that identity
exists, not in the body
and soul

DAVID HUME IMMANUEL KANT

Empiricist
Skeptical Philosophy
Rationalist/ Empiricist
All knowledge passes through
Reason is the final
the senses.
authority of morality. RENAISSANCE
Separate ideas can be joined
The inner self and the PERIOD
in the mind
outer self
There is no self, only a bundle
of perceptions.
 SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES OF
11
THE SELF
SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES
OF THE SELF

BIOLOGICAL/
SOCIAL SCIENCES
PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Psychology
Neurophilosophy Sociology
psychoneuroimmu- Anthropology
nolgy Political Science
Economics

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