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 THE SELF FROM THE
PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

LESSON 4
LET’S TAKE A QUICK
FLASHBACK

What can you remember from the topic we discussed last meeting?
 INTENDED LEARNING
OUTCOMES;
1. Differentiate two self theories,
2. Compare and contrast real self and ideal self and true self and false self,
3. Assess yourself based on the global and differentiated models of self.
 THE SELF IN CONTEXT OF
PSYCHOLOGY
Defined as;
Reflexive psychological process,
Identifies himself or herself as an object,
Describing oneself as a self-concept or self-feeling,
Self is manifested and how one acts and percent himself or herself to others.
 AGENDA
Topics Covered
Topic 1 Topic 3

Topic 2 Topic 4
 WILLIAM
JAMES'S SELF
THEORY
William James (1890), an American Philosopher and
Psychologist. Believed that human has the capacity to be the
“thinking subject” and the “object of his or her thinking at
the same time”.
 THINKING SUBJECT

An individual is both countries of his or her environment and conscience

of his or her existence.
He divided an individuals perception of the self
into two categories;

ME I
 ME

When he or she makes himself or herself the object of his or her own
thinking.
 I

Responsible for thinking and make “awareness” and “self-awareness”

possible.
 SELF CAN BE CONTEXTUALIZED INTO
THREE CATEGORIES;

1. Constituent of the self

2. Feelings and emotions they arouse (self-feelings)
3. Activities they prompt
 SELF CAN BE CONTEXTUALIZED INTO
THREE CATEGORIES;

1. Constituent of the self

2. Feelings and emotions they arouse (self-feelings)
3. Activities they prompt
 CONSTITUENTS OF THE
SELF;
Refer to the categories of the self thinking the material self,
social self, spiritual self, and pure ego.

M AT E R I A L S E L F SOCIAL SELF SPIRITUAL SELF PURE EGO

 MATERIAL SELF

Consist of one’s body, clothes, family, home, and other material possessions that he

or she “values” regard as his or her own.

 SOCIAL SELF

The image of an individual in the eyes of the people around him or her which

determine his or her reputation in society.

 SPIRITUAL SELF

Once thought, beliefs, and feelings.

 PURE EGO

Most puzzling aspects of the self.

 FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS AROUSED

Because of his or her knowledge and appraisal of his or her empirical existence in

the world.
 ACTIONS AND SELF PROMPT

The effort of every individual to preserve and improve oneself based on one’s self

knowledge and resulting self feelings.

Self is an object to be reflected upon, an object that is capable of arousing emotions

and prompting actions.

CARL ROGER’S
SELF THEORY
Self does not exist at birth,
Develop gradually during childhood,
Roger’s theory focuses on the nature of the self and the
condition that allow the self to freely develop.
 Real Self and Ideal Self
Real Self
Intrinsically
Self that feels closest to how one
identifies with.
Despite the difficulty of an
individual to truly know how
other’s see him or he. Her real self
can still be possibly seen.
“Real self is one’s self image”.
Ideal Self
Reception of what a person would
like to be or thinks he or she would
be.
Idealized image.
The self is a product of expectation
and pressures from other people,
and aside from the need to be loved
and accepted by others.
 SELF-CONCEPT

Self concept is defined as the totally of complex, organized and dynamic system of learned
beliefs, attitudes and opinions that each person holds to be true about his or her personal
existence.
It includes the perceptions one has about his or her social identity and personal qualities, as
well as his or her generalization about the self based on his or her experiences.

ASPECT OD SELF-CONCEPT
ASPECTS OF SELF-CONCEPT
Existential Self
Begins when an individual
recognizes his or her existence as a
separate entity from others and
realizes that he or she will continue
to exist over a period of time and
space.
Categorical Self
Starts after a child recognizes his or
her existence as a separate entity
and became aware that he or she is
an object in the world. Like objects
with physical properties, one
weight.
 SELF-WORTH OR SELF-ESTEEM
Is what one thinks about oneself. This develops in early childhood stage resulting
from the interaction of the child with his or her mother and father.

COMPONENTS
SELF-IMAGE

CONCEPT
OF SELF-
Is how one sees himself or herself, which is important for good
psychological health. Self-image includes the influence of body
image on inner personality.
THREE

IDEAL SELF
Is the person that one wants to be. Is consists of one’s dreams and goals in life, and it is
continuously changing.

GO BACK TO AGENDA
 DONALD W.
WINNICOTT
Donald Woods Winnicott introduced the concept of the true
self and false self.
TRUE SELF AND FALSE SELF

True Self False Self

Known as the real self, authentic
Known as the fake self, ideal self,
self, original self, and vulnerable
perfect self, and pseudo self. This is
self. It is the core of who you are,
composed of the parts of the self
the original you, unshaped by the
wherein behaviors are altered,
upbeinging of society. It is one’s
feelings are repressed, and one’s
spontaneous and natural self-
needs are set aside in order to fit in
experiences, a sense of being alive
with others.
in mind and body that allows him or
her to be genuinely close to others.
 True Self vs. False Self
Write a Write a Write a
COMMON TRUE SELF COMMON FALSE SELF
BEHAVIORAL TRAITS BEHAVIORAL TRAITS

OPTIMISTIC HONEST PESSIMISTIC DISHONEST

PROACTIVE ACTIVE BLAMING TIMID

CONFIDENT RESPONSIBLE INSECURE IRRESPONSIBLE

FOCUSED LOVING CONFUSED JEALOUS

PATIENT CALM IMPATIENT WORRIED

NEXT
Global vs. Differentiated Models

Global Model Differentiated Models

Look into a human being in his or
her totality, as an indivisible entity
Look into a human being through
that cannot be broken down into
examining its parts for it is divisible
parts.
or can be broken into components.

The two prominent schools of

Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud and
thought supporting this idea are
Carl Jung studied the human psyche
Gestalt Psychology and Humanistic
and its structure that is essential in
Psychology.
understanding personality and
identity.
 Global Model
— GESTALT PSYCHOLOGY
Gestalt psychology is guided by the principles that “the whole is greater than the sum of
all its parts”. Gestalt psychology reject the view of that the self is a “structure” composed of the id, ego, and super
ego. This particular school of thought is interested in looking at the entirely of the self – the mind, body, physical
attributes, behaviors and more.
 Global Model
— HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
Is guided by the principle that “human beings, as humans, supersede the sum of their parts”. They cannot be reduced
to components. It posited the idea that personality should be studied from the point of view of an individual’s
subjective experience. For humanistic
psychologist, the way to understand other people is not to analyze the structure of the self composed of the id, ego,
and super ego. Rather, it is better to understand one’s emotion and experiences in order to know more about one’s
identity.
Differentiated Model
For Freud, the psyche is composed of three parts – the id, ego, and super ego.

Id – exist since birth and pertains to instinct.

Ego – it operates according to the reality principle.
Super ego – it operates according to morality principle.
Differentiated Model
For Jung, human psyche is divided into three parts;

Ego – center of consciousness, it is the person’s sense of identity and existence.

Personal consciousness – refers to all information stored in a person’s mind that are readily accessible to
consciously recall.
Collective consciousness – refers to the unconscious mind shared by all human beings such as instincts, and
archetypes (models or people, personalities, and behaviors).

Back to Agenda
 ALBERT
BANDURA
The social cognitive theory makes use of the AGENTIC
THEORY OF THE SELF to make sense of the self. Albert
Bandura, who advanced the agentic theory of the self,
asserted that people are not merely passive entities molded
by environmental forces or driven by inner influences.
 The agentic theory of the self rejects the notion that selfhood is

HUMAN
culturally influenced or controlled by urges, rather, it looks upon
every human being as capable of thinking, deciding, foreseeing,
and controlling his or her actions, free to decide for himself or

AGENCY
herself. This capability is termed by Bandura as human agency. It
is the capability of an individual to exert influence over the
course of his or her actions.
FOUR CURE PROPERTIES OF HUMAN AGENCY

INTENTIONALITY SELF-REACTIVENESS
Is manifested in how an individual forms Shows that agents are not only planners and
intention with action plans and strategies to fore thinkers but also self-regulators.
realize them.

FORETHOUGHT SELF-REFLECTON
Refers to how an individual positions his or Signifies that people are capable of self-
her plans in the future. examining their own functioning.
 Thank you!
For listening and participating with us.

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