Mathematics Week 7-9

WEEK 7
 Reasoning involves drawing logical conclusions based on evidence or stated
assumptions
1. Deductive Reasoning - Starts with a general rule or a premise which we know to
be true. Then, from that rule, we make a true conclusion about something
specific.
-known facts to conclusion
-from vague to specific
-Certainly
-Definitely
-Absolutely
-Conclusively
-It logically follows that…
-It is logical to conclude that…
-This logically implies that…
-This entails that…
Ex, Consolacion owns only blue pants and brown pants. Consolacion is wearing a pair
of pants today. So, Consolacion is wearing either blue or brown pants today.

2. Inductive Reasoning - Observing that something is true many times, then

concluding that it will be true in all instances.
-Using the data to make a prediction
-from specific to vague
-Probably
-Likely
-It is plausible to suppose that
-It is reasonable to assume that
-One would expect that
-It is good bet that
-Chances are that
-Odds are that

Ex January has been cold here in Siberia. Today is January 14, so it is going to be
another cold day in Siberia.

WEEK 8
 Problem-solving refers to mathematical tasks that have the potential to provide
intellectual challenges for enhancing students’ mathematical understanding and
development.
 Strategies- In solving word-problems, we need to follow the rules and that rules
STRATEGIES for SOLVING WORD PROBLEMS
Step 1. READ
Step 2. UNDERLINE
Step 3. CHOOSE
Step 4. SOLVE
Step 5. CHECK
 Mathematics Week 7-9
WEEK 9
 APPORTIONMENT - a method of distributing a few items proportionallyinto
several groups based on group population sizes.

HAMILTON METHOD - is based on standard divisor and standard quota of the

population.

Standard Divisor (SD) = P ÷ A

Where
P = total population
A = the required allocation or the number of items to be distributed among the
groups.

Standard Quota (SQ) = G ÷ SD

Where:
G = size of the group
SD = standard divisor

Standard quota is the whole number part of the quotient of a population by the
standard quota.
Two types:
1. Lower quota is the standard quota rounded down to a whole number.
2. Upper quota is the standard quota rounded up to the next whole number.

Hamilton Rules:
1. Get the lower quota of the group.
2. The standard quota of a group with the highest decimal part is only rounded up to
3. a whole number if the sum of the lower quotas is less than the value of A.
The process is repeated until the value of A is reached.