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Factors affecting emotional intelligence of construction professionals in Nigeria

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Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
(NIQS)
4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4
10th -12th September, 2019.

Theme
“Confluence of Research, Theory and Practice in the Built Environment

EDITORS
DR. EZEKIEL NNADI
DR. (MRS) OLUWASEYI AJAYI
DR. NATH. AGU
Declaration
All papers in this publication went through a double-blind peer-review process
involving initial screening of abstracts, review by at least two reviewers, reporting
of comments on authors, moditifcation of papers by authors and reevaluation of
re-submitted papers to ensure quality of content.

CONFERENCE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Dr. Nath Agu (Chairman) Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

Dr. Olusola Ogunsina Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

Dr. Emeka Ngwu Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

Dr. Alintah-Abel Uchechi Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu

Dr. Stanley Ugochukwu Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State

Mr. Emoh Francis Federal Polytehnic, Oko, Anambra State

Mr. Ogbonna Ndubuisi Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Nwana, Ebonyi State

Mr. Igweonyia Ndubuisi Institute of Management & Technology, Enugu

Mr. Nebo Ikechukwu Institute of Management & Technology, Enugu

Mr. Obieze Joseph Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu

Dr. Nnadi Ezekiel (Secretary) Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Enugu

MEMBERS OF SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

Prof. D. R. Ogunsemi
Prof. Y. Ibrahim
Prof. K.T. Odusami
Prof. O. S. Oyediran
Prof. A. D. Ibrahim
Prof. G. O. Jagboro
Prof. (Mrs) O. Babalola
Prof. H. A. Odeyinka
Dr. P. O. Lawal
Dr. Y. M. Ibrahim
Dr. Y. G. Musa-Haddary
Dr. J. O. Dada
Dr. (Mrs) G. K. Ojo
Dr. O. A. Awodele
Dr (Mrs.) K. J. Adogbo
Dr. J. E. Idiake
Federal University of Technology, Akure
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi
University of Lagos, Yaba
University of Lagos, Yaba
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife
Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife
Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife
Federal University of Technology, Akure
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Federal University of Technology, Minna
Dr. M. M. Andawei
Dr. I. I. Inuwa
Dr. M. M. Muktar
Dr. A. A. Ajayi
Dr. (Mrs). A. D.
Lamptey-puddicambe
Dr. E. O. E. Nnadi
Dr. N.Gambo
Dr. (Mrs.) Oluwaseyi Ajayi
Dr. S. Ofide
Dr. E. Oke
Dr. I.Katun
Dr. A. R. Kolawole
Dr. (Mrs) Patience Tunji-Olayeni Convenant University, Ota
Dr. F. O. Akinradewo
Dr. J. A. Akinola
Dr. M. Y. Adinoyi
Dr Sola Ogunsina
Dr. (Mrs.) Alintah-Abel .U.
Dr. Stanley Ugochukwu
Niger Delta University, Amassoma
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi
Federal Polytechnic, Offa
Niger Delta University, Amassoma
Enugu State University of Science & Technology,
Enugu
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi
University of Lagos, Yaba
Discrete Consultant Ltd, Abuja
Federal University of Technology, Akure
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
Federal Polytechnic, Bauchi
Federal University of Technology, Akure
Federal University of Technology, Akure
Federal Polytechnic, Nasarawa
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State
Enugu State University of Science & Technology,
Enugu
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State
 PROGRAMME AND BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

FOR THE

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS)

4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4

Theme
“Confluence of Research, Theory
and Practice in the Built Environment

Date: 10th -12th September, 2019.

Venue
Enugu State University of Science & Technology, Agbani.

EDITORS
DR. EZEKIEL NNADI
DR. (MRS) OLUWASEYI AJAYI
DR. NATH. AGU

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) 4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4 Page 1
 CONTENTS

Declaration - - - - - - - - - iii
Foreword - - - - - - - - - - v
Preface - - - - - - - - - - vi
Acknowledgement - - - - - - - - - vii

SUB-THEME 1: ASSET, PROPERTY & FACILITY MANAGEMENT - - 1

ANALYSIS OF PROJECT ABANDONMENT IN NIGERIA: THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES.

A.E. Essaghah; G. K Okpalaunegbu, L. Ndulue - - - - - 2

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A SUSTAINABLE RAINWATER HARVESTING AND

TREATMENT SYSTEM
C. C. Nnaji and B. A. Ezekoye - - - - - - - 3

EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE AS A STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING ABANDONMENT AND/OR

FAILURE OF STATE GOVERNMENTS' LARGE COMPLEX PROJECTS (LCPs) IN NORTH WEST
REGION OF NIGERIA
Gali A. Zarewa - - - - - - - - - 4

SUB-THEME 2: BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) - - - 5

ROADMAP FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM)

IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Mu’azu Umar, Bashir H. Yahaya, Ali C. Joshua, & Isiyaku Muhammed - - 6

BENEFITS OF INTEGRATING 5D BIM IN COST MANAGEMENT

PRACTICES IN QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS
Olayemi Sadiq Usman, E.O Oaikhena and Lekan Damilola Ojo - - - 7

ASSESSMENT OF ADOPTION OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM)

BY QUANTITY SURVEYORS IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Anas Muhammad, Abdulhakeem Garba and Rebecca Kingsley Madaki - - - 8

SUB-THEME 3: CHANGE MANAGEMENT - - - - - - 9

COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS OF USING CONVENTIONAL BLOCKS AND

INTERLOCKING BRICKS FOR MASS HOUSING IN NIGERIA
Festus Olusola Akinradewo and Deborah Oluwafunke Adedokun - - - 10

APPRAISAL OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF

CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONALS IN NIGERIA
Adedayo Johnson Ogungbile, Oluseyi Alabi Awodele and Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke - 11

THE ROLE OF NIQS TO THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

GRADUATES IN NIGERIA
Falilat Jokotade Giwa, Emmanuel Akinsiku and Oladipupo Hameed Osanyin - 12

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) 4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4 Page 8
APPRAISAL OF MULTISKILLING DIMENSIONS TO QUANTITY SURVEYING PRACTICE
IN LAGOS STATE NIGERIA
Joseph Aderemi Akinola - - - - - - - - 12

EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA.
Katun M.Idris, Hadiza Dahiru Bobbo & Bello Kabir - - - - - 13

THE BARRIERS FOR THE ADOPTION OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES IN

NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN ABUJA
M. L AISHA; A.M. KASIMU; A.F. KOLAWOLE & U.M KABIR - - - - 14

SUB-THEME 4: CONSTRUCTION PROCUREMENT & CONTRACT

ADMINISTRATION - - - - - - - - - 15

FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTORS’ MARK-UP DECISION IN A COMPETITIVE

BIDDING ENVIRONMENT
Jonathan Zishim Danjuma, Ahmed Doko Ibrahim and Peter Gangas Chindo - - 16

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR ELECTRONIC PROCUREMENT DEPLOYMENT

FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELLING APPROACH
Benedict Amade, Charles Nnamdi Ononuju, Jeff Moses Ogbu, Dominic Obodoh
and Chikezie Reginald Umunnakwe - - - - - - - 17

ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING OF NIGERIAN QUANTITY SURVEYORS IN SUPPLY

CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Alexander Ejiro Omoraka; Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke and Isaac Olaniyi Aje - - 18

APPRAISAL OF LOCAL BUILDING MATERIALS CONTENT IN THE NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY (A CASE STUDY OF BAUCHI STATE)
Inuwa, Abdullahi .M. - - - - - - - - - 18

TRACEABILITY OF EXTERNAL FACTORS IN BESETTING THE PERFORMANCE

OF BUILDING PROJECTS PROCURED VIA COMPETITIVE TENDERING ROUTES
Olufisayo Adewumi Adedokun - - - - - - - 19

SUB-THEME 5: CONSTRUCTION FINANCING - - - - - 21

ANALYSIS OF PRINCIPAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CONSTRUCTION DELAYS

IN TETFUND-SPONSORED TERTIARY INSTITUTION PROJECTS IN ENUGU STATE
U. O. Ajator, S. Akisikpo, E. Nnadi, H. Ajaelu, C. Adindu and A. Ogwueleka - - 22

EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE PERFORMANCE

OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA.
Katun M.Idris, Hadiza Dahiru Bobbo & Bello Kabir - - - - - 23

EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE ON THE IMPACT OF GOVERNANCE QUALITY ON PUBLIC

INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING IN NIGERIA
Christian Fidelis Asuquo and Uduakobong Victor Jimmy - - - - 24

ANALYSIS OF COST AND SCHEDULE OVERRUN IN EDUCATIONAL BUILDING PROJECT

IN NORTH - EASTERN NIGERIA
Kolawole Richard, Idris Katun, Hadiza Bobbo, Raji Mudashir - - - - 25

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) 4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4 Page 9
FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING CONTINGENCY SUMS IN BUILDING PROJECTS
Raphael Damisi Onileowo, Deji Rufus Ogunsemi and Timo Olugbenga Oladinrin - 26

APPRAISAL OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT AS MEANS OF IMPROVING THE PATRONAGE

OF INDIGENOUS CONTRACTORS IN DELTA STATE
Ayobami Oluwaseun Idowu, Olusola Ishola Bejide & Benedict Sunday Oso - 27

ASSESSING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF STAKEHOLDERS MANAGEMENT

IN PUBLIC BUILDING PROJECTS IN ONDO STATE
Fayowole Omodehinde Osomo & Ayobami Oluwaseun Idowu - - - 28

COST AND TIME PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL AND DESIGN - BUILD PROCUREMENT

SYSTEMS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Feyisetan Leo-Olagbaye & Ayobami Oluwaseun Idowu - - - - 29

INTRODUCING PROCESS MACRO: AN EXPEDIENT STATISTICAL TOOL FOR ANALYSING

MEDIATION BASED RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
Abdullahi Nafiu Zadawa, Auwalu Sani Shehu, Ibrahim Mallam Saleh,
and Baba Abdullahi Ahmed - - - - - - - - 30

STREAM 6: SAFETY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT - - - - 31

APPRAISING THE CAUSATIVE FACTOR OF ACCIDENTS ON TERTIARY EDUCATIONAL

CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Ijieh Oriabure Treasure and Adedokun Deborah Oluwafunke - - - 32

CONTRIBUTION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES TOWARDS BUILDING COLLAPSE

IN NIGERIA
Habibu YUNUSA, Joseph K. MAKINDE and Abdulganiyu A. OKE - - - 33

ASSESSMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN THE NIGERIAN

BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Tajudeen Olufemi Salami and Johnson Akinade Adetola - - - 34

LEVEL OF ADHERENCE TO HEALTH AND SAFETY REGULATIONS ON CONSTRUCTION

SITES IN NIGERIA
Ranti T. Adebiyi, Olubola Babalola, Ganiyu Amuda-yusuf, Theophilus O. Olowa Shehu,
A. Rasheed and Musa A. Zubair - - - - - - - 35

ASSESSING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISK MEASURES IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY,

ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
Okeke, F.N and Nnadi, E.O.E. - - - - - - - 36

AN ASSESSMENT OF INCESSANT CONSTRUCTION SITE FATALITIES THROUGH SAFETY

CULTURES IN NIGERIA
Nsikak E. Udo & Itoro E. Udo - - - - - - - 37

ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY BEHAVIOUR OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN ABUJA

Godwin Jerome Anoh and Yakubu .D. Mohammed - - - - 38

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) 4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4 Page 10
SUB-THEME 7: HOUSING POLICY, URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT 39

PATTERN AND DETERMINANTS OF CHANGE IN PROPERTY USE IN IKENEGBU LAYOUT

OWERRI, IMO STATE
Chika Clara Sam-Otuonye - - - - - - - - 40

EVALUATION OF HOMEOWNERSHIP AMONG NIGERIAN SENIOR CITIZENS

ANDREW EBEKOZIEN - - - - - - - - - 41

FEASIBILITY AND VIABILITY APPRAISAL OF REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS IN THE

NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY; A PANCEA FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Chiedu Okwudili Maduekeh, Chinedu Francis Emoh and Ifeoma Nancy Obinwa 42

COST AND TIME PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL AND DESIGN – BUILD PROCUREMENT

SYSTEMS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
Feyisetan Leo-Olagbaye & Ayobami Oluwaseun Idowu - - - - 43

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL HOUSING BUDGET ALLOCATIONS WITH OTHER

SECTORAL BUDGET ALLOCATIONS OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
*Stanley Chukwudi Ugochukwu C., Nathan Agu N. & Francis Emoh C. - - 44

ASSESSMENT OF ETHICAL PRACTICES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PUBLIC HOUSING

DELIVERY IN NIGERIA
Dominic O. OLUWADARE and John E. IDIAKE - - - - - 45

STREAM8:ICT, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT & CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION 46

APPRAISAL OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE APPLICATION IN QUANTITY SURVEYING

PRACTICE IN ENUGU STATE
Ogbu Charles .K and Alintah-Abel Uchechi. V - - - - - 47

INTERNET OF THINGS: PANACEA TO DIGITAL REVOLUTION IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Zaharadeen Abdul, Yasir Abubakar and Mahmud Muhammad Yahaya - - 48

APPRAISAL OF CONTINGENCY SUM AS A PREDICTOR OF COST OVERRUN IN BUILDING

PROJECTS
Raphael Damisi Onileowo, Deji Rufus Ogunsemi and Timo Olugbenga Oladinrin 49

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AND ITS COST BENEFITS

TO CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA
Agara, O; Oyama, E. V; Nnadi, E.O.E - - - - - - 49

COMPARATIVE COST ANALYSIS BETWEEN INTERLOCKING BRICKS AND SANDCRETE

BLOCK FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Agara, O; Oyama,E. V; Chukwuenye, A .T. - - - - - 50

SUB-THEME 9: PROJECT MANAGEMENT - - - - - 51

CHALLENGES FACED BY QUANTITY SURVEYORS IN CONSTRUCTION COST

CONTROL SERVICES
Funmilola Adefunke, Bolade-Oladepo; Francis Olukayode, Oladipo; Olufunke
Adeke, Fasuyi; Yetunde Florence, Alake and Yetunde Josephine, Aina 52

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) 4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4 Page 11
EVALUATING THE CAUSES OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT COST OVERRUNS IN NIGERIA
Obasi, C.C. and Nnadi, E.O.E. - - - - - - - 52

ESTABLISHING LEADERSHIP ATTRIBUTES PREVALENT IN NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION

FIRMS
L. H. Musa, B. A. Kolo and M. Abdulrazaq - - - - - - 53

BUILT ENVIRONMENT PROFESSIONALS’ PERCEPTION OF COST MANAGEMENT OF

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS – ISSUES AND WAYS FORWARD
S. M. Ojo, Jolaoso Koye, Kunle Musa - - - - - - 54

EFFECTS OF MORAL STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION ON SATISFACTION WITH DELIVERY

OF PROJECTS IN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY KASHERE
Nuruddeen Mohd Inuwa, Nuru Gambo and Nafiu Zadawa Abdullahi - - 55

DEVELOPING THE CAPACITIES OF SM SCALE CONTRACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE RISK

REDUCTION IN NIGERIA
Okeke, F.N, Nnadi, E.O.E, and Alintah-Abel, U. V - - - - 56

SUB-THEME 10: PRIVATE, PUBLIC PARTNERSHIP - - - - 57

IMPACT OF MULTISKILLED QUANTITY SURVEYOR ON PROFESSIONAL SERVICE DELIVERY

IN NIGERIA
Joseph Aderemi Akinola and Victoria Olufunke Akinola - - - - 58

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SATISFACTION OF THE USERS OF PPP PROJECTS IN SELECTED

UNIVERSITY TEACHING HOSPITALS
Funmilola Helen Omoniwa; Kulomri Jaule Adogbo and Ahmed Doko Ibrahim - 59

THE CAUSES OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP HOUSING PROJECTS FAILURE IN NIGER

STATE
YATSU U.M & KASIMU M.A - - - - - - - - 60

PUBLIC-PRIVATE-PARTNERSHIP INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES IN NIGERIA

Alhassan Dahiru - - - - - - - - - 61

SUB-THEME 11: ETHICS & PROFESSIONAL ISSUES - - - - 62

IMPACT OF COMPLIANCE OF QUANTITY SURVEYING FIRMS WITH CODE OF CONDUCTS

ON PROFESSIONAL SERVICE DELIVERY
Busayo Funmilola Akintola, Grace Kehinde Ojo and Rebecca Bosede Akomolafe - 63

ASSESSMENT OF RISK ASSOCIATED WITH QUANTITY SURVEYING STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL

TRAINING IN NIGERIA
Raphael Damisi Onileowoand Kayode Blessing Amogbon - - - 64

SUB-THEME 12: SUSTAINABILITY IN CONSTRUCTION - - - - 65

A FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIAN CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY
Bala Hassan, Dr. Abdullahi Yusuf Waziri and Professor Yakubu Ibrahim - 66

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) 4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4 Page 12
ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
ON SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES OF CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA
Olaleye Yetunde Olanike and Bilkisu Ahmad Abdu - - - - 67

ASSESSING SUSTAINABILITY PRACTICES OF CONSTRUCTION ORGANISATIONS IN NIGERIA

Olaleye Yetunde Olanike and Bilkisu Ahmad Abdu - - - - 68

ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT LEVEL OF BRIDGES MAINTENANCE PRACTICE IN NIGERIA

Bashir Mohammed, Isa Sani Mohammed and Anas Muhammad - - - 69

MITIGATING CONTRACTUAL DISPUTES USING BUILDING AND ENGINEERING STANDARD

METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 4TH EDITION (BESMM4) FOR MEASUREMENT AND COST
MANAGEMENT OF ENGINEERING PROJECTS
Ogochukwu Asama Amuda & Nnadi, Ezekiel - - - - - 70

INFLUENCE OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM AND

LARGE CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
Sani Ibrahim and Muntari Ibrahim Abdullahi - - - - - 71

SUB-THEME 13: COST, RISK & VALUE MANAGEMENT - - - 72

VALUE MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY
Bola-efe, I.M., Ajayi, O & Ordu, J - - - - - - - 73

AN APPRAISAL OF RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN

BAUCHI METROPOLIS
Katun M.Idris, Richard A Kolawole & Bello Kabir - - - - - 74

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH QUANTITY

SURVEYING EDUCATION ON CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Eunice Oluwatola Leke – Oke, Grace Kehinde Ojo, D. O. Adedokun, Raphael Damisi
Onileowo. - - - - - - - - - - 75

EFFECTS OF RISK FACTORS ON PUBLIC SECTOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
Mohammed Mukhtar Musa, Abdussalam Dalhatu and Mohammed Mustapha Musa - 76

MODELING REWORK CAUSES AND COST EFFECT IN BUILDING PROJECTS

Michael O. Adebayo - - - - - - - - - 77

Nigerian Institute of Quantity Surveyors (NIQS) 4th Research Conference – NIQS RECON4 Page 13
 APPRAISAL OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
OF CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONALS IN NIGERIA

Adedayo Johnson Ogungbile, Oluseyi Alabi Awodele

and Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke
Department of Quantity Surveying,
The Federal University of Technology, P. M. B 704, Akure, Nigeria

ABSTRACT
Emotional Intelligence is one of the emerging research areas in checking the behavioural
dispositions of the people involved in the construction process to achieving a better performance
rating. Emotional Intelligence is a tool for promoting personal growth by the ability to perceive
emotion, facilitate thoughts by integrating, understanding and regulating personal and other
emotions in achieving a set goal. This paper looks into the factors that affect the emotional
intelligence of construction professionals in the Nigerian Construction industry. Four (4)
construction professionals were involved in the study, which includes: Architects, Builders,
Engineers, and Quantity Surveyors practising in Lagos state. Through an extensive literature
review, twenty-two factors were found to affect EI and formed the variables included in the
questionnaire used in the study. A total number of 243 questionnaires were used for the analysis
using mean item score, standard deviation, and F-Statistics. The survey findings indicate that
Experience, family background, personality, skills, and competencies are the most important factors
that affect the emotional intelligence of construction professionals. It was also gathered that gender
and age are some of the trivial factors that affect the Emotional Intelligence of construction
professionals. The study recommended that emotional capabilities should be encouraged and
thought in the training of construction professionals both academically and professionally since all
construction projects have elements of emotion throughout the life of the project.

Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Emotions, Intelligence, Factors, Construction Professionals

INTRODUCTION
The construction industry has become a venture-like type, and it has positioned itself as one of the
critical sectors of any nation’s economy (Ogungbile & Oke, 2015). Love, Edwards and Woods
(2011) noted that a lack of quality regarding the performance level of the industry has continued to
draw criticism when compared to what is obtained in other industrial sectors. In the construction
industry, delays, cost overruns, and inferior quality were identified by Love et al. (2011), Zhang
(2013) and Oke (2015) as some of the major problems facing the industry. These problems have
continued to plague the industry as a whole. Love et al. (2011) and Zhang (2013) described these
perennial problems as reoccurring tasks for researchers, educators and construction professionals to
provide answers regarding what can improve project success. However, this observed
underperformance in the industry has not significantly reversed with the introduction of new
management techniques and tools, imported from other industries that are more technologically
advanced (Love et al., 2011; Zhang, 2013; Oke, Aigbavboa & Sepuru, 2017). Accidents, disputes
and schedule blow out remain the order of the day in the construction industry. In tackling these
problems associated with the construction industry, it has been advocated that more organizational
and psychological studies need to be looked into. Love et al. (2011) suggested that Emotional
Intelligence (EI) is one of such that needs to be studied.
EI is concerned with monitoring the activity of emotion to derive a balance between different
peoples’ emotional difference in achieving a given task. It is a reflection of the individual’s ability
to combine intelligence and empathy with emotion to improve the way of thinking and
understanding of interpersonal dynamism (Meyer et al., 2004). EI is growing in the behavioural
investigation, and it has been proven to be positively related to emotional health, adjustment,
satisfaction, and occupational success. In various industries and works of life such as law, business,
engineering, academy, medicine, nursing, sports from the traditional field of philosophy, EI is
continually gaining acceptance as an essential success factor (Devonish & Greenidge, 2010). The
construction sector is not left out in this transformation. This paper is aimed at appraising the
different factors that affect EI of construction professionals in Nigeria across various organization
types.

Previous Work
Concept of Emotion
Emotion is any conscious experience (Cabanac, 2002), characterized by intense mental activity and
a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure. There exists no specific definition of what emotion
really is. However, there are some scientific definitions of emotion. Barrett and Russell (2015)
averred that emotion most times, is often intertwined with motivation, personality, disposition,
temperament, and mood. In some theories, cognition is an important aspect of emotion. Those
acting primarily on the emotions they are feeling may seem as if they are not thinking, but mental
processes are still essential, particularly in the interpretation of events (Panksepp, 2005). Other
theories, however, claim that emotion is separate from and can precede cognition. According to
other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might
include motivation, feeling, behaviour, and physiological changes, but no one of these components
is the emotion. Nor is the emotion an entity that causes these components (Cabanac, 2002).

Intelligence
In psychological literature (the field that originated the study of intelligence), the proper definition
of the term intelligence is still a bone of contention (Stein, 2009; Ogurlu, 2015). Stein (2009)
posited that most studies are yet to agree on a definition of overall intelligence. Pal et al. (2004)
concluded that no single theory could adequately explain intelligence until a clear-cut definition is
given to the term. Pal et al. (2004) however gave a very pessimistic opinion that many more
theories would be postulated to explain intelligence because there is a zero likelihood of agreeing to
a single and comprehensive definition of intelligence. Although there exists a large sense of
disparity of the definition of intelligence, all the models could only point at the fact that intelligence
could be either defined as intellectual actions which could arise from the way an individual utilizes
and use his/her brain to reason and solve life problems, e.g. an individual’s IQ as it is popularly
known (i.e. cognitive intelligence) and/or emotional intelligence which can be of personal and
social intelligence. In psychological and sociology literature, many types of Intelligence have been
postulated. However, there are two accepted and recognized types of intelligence, and they are;
Cognitive intelligence and Non-Cognitive Intelligence.
Cognitive intelligence (CI) was defined by Stein (2009) to majorly focus on the abilities of an
individual to conduct in-depth rational thinking, relate effectively to the environment and act
decisively which are generally measured using the IQ tests. Non-Cognitive Intelligence is the non-
intellectual use of human brains. These could include relationship abilities and psychological
inclination measurement of any individual. EI is one of such Non-Cognitive Intelligence that exist.
Emotional Intelligence
The term Emotional Intelligence can be traced as far back as the early 1920s in the work of
Thorndike (according to Law, Wong, Huang & Li (2008); Love, Edwards, & Wood, 2011).
Thorndike (1920) introduced the term social intelligence and defined it as “the ability to understand
and manage men and women, boys and girls – to act wisely in human relations”. Emotional
intelligence (EI) has gained so much credence in the psychological, sociological (especially in
criminology and police-related matters), medicine and health care all around the world (Butler &
Chinowsky, 2006). In fact, EI was selected by the American Dialect Society (ADS) in the late
1990s as the most important new words (Hamarta, Deniz, & Saltal, 2009). EI was defined as the
capability of individuals to recognize their own and other people’s emotions, discern between
different feelings and label them appropriately, use emotional information to guide thinking and
behaviour, and manage and/or adjust emotions to adapt to environments or achieve one’s goal(s)
(Salovey & Mayer, 1990). Geher et al. (2017) summarized by saying that the ability of an
individual to understand his/her own and other’s emotional dynamics at a given situation, using it to
influence the thinking and actions of those people is known as EI. Geher et al. (2017) identified that
the essential aspect of EI is the ability of an individual to understand and read good meaning to the
mental states of people.

Factors Affecting Emotional Intelligence

In most psychology literature, the family has been described as the most important factor in the
formative years of a child. Family (home) is the first learning institution for the child during his
early years of development. Needless to mention that it exercises tremendous influence on the
child's understanding of the external world and his conceptions of success and failure. The home
provides an identity for the child, builds his self-concept, and prepares him to face the world.
Rajeshwari and Mano Raj (2017) averred that the type of family (in terms of nuclear or polygamy),
the status of the family, the number of siblings and the working status of the parents have great
impacts on the emotional maturity of the children. Rajeshwari and Mano Raj (2017) further went
forward to prove that one of the most important factors that affect an individual’s emotional
competencies at adulthood are those unobserved behaviours or family relationships that were built
during the formative years of the individual. The type of relationship that existed between the child
and the parents (especially, the mother) while growing up determines the emotional maturity of
such an individual in their adulthood (Anand, Kunwar, & Kumar, 2014). These emotional
maturities could be seen in the way the individual gets angry, get jealous, fear, gets happy or even
love or feel loved.

Environmental and Social Factors

The environment consists of a wide range of stimulations that the child is subjected to. He lives and
grows in his environment. It provides him with the necessary input and experiential base for
emotional development. Enrichment or deficiency of the environment would obviously produce
differences in his abilities. Environment starts showing its actions right from the moment of child
conception. Both the prenatal environment (when the baby/fetus is in mother’s womb), and the
postnatal environment (after the child is born) influence intellectual and emotional capabilities of
the child (Rajeshwari & Mano Raj, 2017). Environmental factors are those factors that are not
necessarily associated with the family but are in one way or the other related to the upbringing of a
child. Rajeshwari and Mano Raj (2017) opined environmental factors to include family type, the
area of residence, education pattern in the surroundings, the neighbourhood, and the society at large.
These factors affect the sub-consciousness of an individual right from his/her formative years.
Another such environmental factor is religion and beliefs (Hoffman, 1984). Also, work environment
such as the type of organisation, the workload put on an individual, job stress including the job
design was identified by Devonish and Greenidge (2010) as some of the work-environmental
factors that contribute to the emotional behaviour of an individual.
Personal Disposition Factors
There is some evidence to suggest that changes in EQ are related to the general pattern of
adjustment and personality. Rosa and Preethi (2012) gave one of such evidence by proving that age
and maturity has a moderating effect on emotional behaviour exhibited by an individual at a given
point in time. Personality factors include maturity, skills, and competencies possessed by an
individual; knowledge and training (Albers, Doane, & Mintz, 1986); Age; traits and personality
(Petrides & Furnham, 2000). Also, gender is one such personal disposition factor that affects
emotional competencies. Petrides and Furnham (2000) found out that men are more emotionally
sound than their female counterpart at work. This was corroborated by Date (2006) that male cope
better when emotionally stressed than females. Age, experience and work maturity are other factors
that affect the emotional intelligence of any individual (Nanda & Chawla, 2010). The physiological
conditions such as nutrition, health, drugs, disease, and physical injury are some of the trivial
factors that affect emotional behaviour in human. A healthy body gives a healthy mind. Mental
development is associated with biochemical processes and hormones within the body. The
biological processes within the body provide a necessary but not sufficient condition for emotional
development. Thus, the internal physiological conditions are critical for the expression of emotional
behaviour.
Research Methodology
A survey design method was adopted for the study using a quantitative research approach which
included construction professionals drawn from four major professional groups; Architects,
Quantity Surveyors, Builders and Engineers practising in Lagos state, Nigeria. Structured
questionnaires which were self-administered using web link forms were used for the study. A 7-
point Likert-type scale was used in the design of the questionnaire. The respondents were requested
to rate the influence level of twenty-two (22) factors that affect emotional intelligence. A total
number of 388 questionnaires were administered, 263 were returned, but only 243 of the returned
were duly filled and were analysed. Mean Item Score (MIS), and Standard Deviation (SD) were
calculated for each of the factors, and the results were used to rank and determine their importance
level.

Findings and Discussion

Table 1 presents the response of the construction professionals that participated in the study. The
QS responded that experience (MS = 6.12) followed by family background (MS =6.08); knowledge
and training (MS =6.05); health and safety (MS =6.05); personality (MS =5.72); skills and
competencies (MS =5.66); level of education (MS = 5.66); maturity (MS =5.66); social motivation
(MS =5.60); and religious and beliefs (MS = 5.60) are the highest factors that affect EI of Quantity
Surveyors. Moreover, it was shown in Table 1 that gender (MS =4.60), Age (MS =4.90), Peer group
(MS = 5.08) and marital influences (MS = 5.15) are the least factors that affect EI of quantity
surveyors. From Table 4.16, it is evidently represented that all the factors that were assessed in the
questionnaire affect EI of Quantity Surveyors since they all scored more than mid-point of the scale
used (i.e. MS = 3.5) only that their significance level differs.
For Architects, experience, skills and competencies, and organization culture ranked first with a
mean score of 5.60. These were closely followed by Society with MS=5.52, Maturity, and
Tolerance (MS=5.34) and health and safety perception of the Architect (MS=5.33). Lifestyle,
Socio-economic status, Marital influences, Peer group, Job design, Level of Education and Gender
equally have a great impact on the Emotional attributes of Architects. From the rare, however, are
Religion and beliefs (MS=3.94), Age (MS=4.46), Social Ability (4.54), Personality. Knowledge and
Training, Parent-Child relationship while growing up (4.73 each) and social motivation of
Architects (MS=4.81). Table 1 shows the mean distribution for Engineers also. In their case, Family
Background was rated very strongly (MS=6.72) followed by Marital influences, peer group, health
and safety with 6.65, 6.44, 6.30 respectively. Personality and Socio-Economic status have 6.16.
Social motivation, social ability, tolerance, religion and beliefs, job design, were lowly ranked.
Table 1. Factors that Affect Emotional Intelligence of Construction Professionals
QS. A. E. B. Ov. Std.
Factors Rank F Sig.
Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Dev.
Experience 6.12 5.6 5.88 6.30 6.03 0.706 1 19.393 *0.000
Family
Background
6.08 4.73 6.72 5.60 5.90 0.894 2 8.552 *0.000
(Parent-Child
relationship)
Knowledge and
6.05 4.73 5.88 5.60 5.76 0.807 3 8.866 *0.000
Training
Health and Safety 5.72 5.3 6.30 5.27 5.66 0.871 4 5.747 *0.001
Personality 5.66 4.73 6.16 5.93 5.62 0.781 5 12.814 *0.000
Maturity 5.66 5.34 5.88 5.55 5.62 0.973 6 2.949 *0.033
Skills and
5.66 5.6 5.60 4.85 5.54 0.834 7 5.591 *0.001
Competencies
Level of
5.66 4.99 5.95 5.27 5.54 0.991 8 4.266 *0.006
Education
Organization
5.48 5.60 5.60 5.23 5.48 0.872 9 20.194 *0.000
Culture
Society 5.45 5.52 5.60 5.27 5.45 0.858 10 3.356 *0.020
Workload 5.51 4.92 5.60 5.60 5.44 0.960 11 9.523 *0.000
Marital Influences 5.15 5.18 6.65 5.97 5.44 1.387 12 12.465 *0.000
Social Motivation 5.60 4.81 4.20 6.67 5.42 1.129 13 10.721 *0.000
Lifestyle 5.39 5.26 5.88 5.23 5.41 0.809 14 6.701 *0.000
Socio-economic
5.21 5.26 6.16 4.90 5.31 0.873 15 6.468 *0.000
status
Peer group 5.08 5.18 6.44 5.27 5.31 1.067 16 27.618 *0.000
Job Design 5.45 5.03 5.04 5.23 5.30 0.786 17 14.287 *0.000
Tolerance 5.30 5.34 4.76 5.18 5.22 0.997 18 12.519 *0.000
Social Ability 5.36 4.54 4.76 5.23 5.14 0.918 19 6.532 *0.000
Religion and
5.60 3.94 5.04 4.53 5.14 1.073 20 21.045 *0.000
beliefs
Age 4.90 4.46 5.32 5.55 4.97 1.035 21 4.857 *0.003
Gender 4.60 4.99 5.60 4.57 4.77 1.099 22 4.109 *0.007
Key: QS-Quantity Surveyors, A-Architects, E-Engineers, B-Builders, Ov-Overall, Std. Dev.-
Standard Deviation

In the perception of the Builders, from Table 1, Social motivation (MS=6.67), Experience (6.3),
Marital Influences (5.97), Personality (5.93), Family background (5.6), Knowledge and training
(5.6), Workload (5.6) were rated to have more impact on Engineers’ EI. In order of least effect on
EI, the Engineers ranked religion and beliefs, gender, skills and competencies, socio-economic
status and tolerance to have less effect on their EI.
From Table 1, the overall mean score for each of the factors assessed was presented. The experience
of construction professionals was ranked as the most important factor that affects the EI of
construction professionals with a mean of 6.03. The relationship that existed between the person
and his/her parents while growing up as represented as Family Background was ranked the second
most significant of all the factors with a mean score of 5.90. Knowledge and training is another
important factor with a mean of 5.76 followed by health and safety quality of the professional at
work with a mean of 5.66, the personality and maturity of construction professionals with a shared
mean score of 5.62 and skills and competencies with a mean of 5.54. On the low side of the ranking
is gender with a mean of 4.77, Age of construction professionals with a mean of 4.97 and social
ability, and Religion and belief inclination of construction professionals with means of 5.14. The
level of education, Organization culture, society, marital influences, workload, and social
motivation are some of the factors that also have a high importance on the EI level of construction
professionals with their mean scores ranging from 5.54 to 5.42.
The F-statistics on Table 1 depicts that of all the twenty-two (22) factors, the opinions of the
different professionals have a significant level of difference with all having values lower than 0.05
at a confidence interval of 95%. This implies that the opinions of the three professionals differ as
for the factors that could affect their EI may vary.
From the results of the study, the study revealed that experience is the most important factor that
affects the EI of construction professionals. This is in tune with Inger, Birgitta, Bernt and Britt-
Marie (2010) which has it that experience of a project leader on a construction project determines
the Emotional implications of the project and also that of Ogurlu (2015) which shows that there is a
relationship between innate and learnt abilities of an individual. Ogurlu (2015) presented experience
as one of the learnt abilities an individual possessed and related it to EI. Family background as
proven by Lenaghan, Buda, and Eisner (2007) was proven in the study to have a great impact on the
EI of construction professionals. The personality of the construction professionals, skills and
competencies, maturity, social motivation and organizational culture (in terms of health and safety
procedures and policies; workload and; job design) are the factors that have the greatest impacts on
construction professionals. Age and gender were however shown to be the least of the factors that
affect construction professionals’ EI, but this is in contradiction to the assertion of Petrides and
Furnham (2000b) and Date (2006) which stated that gender and age have moderating effects on EI.

Conclusion and Recommendation

Based on the findings of the study, it was found out that experience is the most important factor that
affects EI of construction professionals and that the longer the professional stays on-the-job, the
greater the EI that will be built and learnt over time. The study also revealed that personality has a
great influence on the emotional disposition of construction professionals per time. Also, the skills
and competencies of construction professionals are very germane in determining their emotional
competencies. It was also gathered from the study that the motivation derived from the society plays
a vital role in the Emotional intelligence of construction professionals. However, the organizational
culture was not left out of the important factors that affect EI of construction professionals.
Organizations’ policies in terms of health and safety of workers, employees, and professionals
onsite and offsite; work procedures and workload; and job design are equally important in affecting
the EI of construction professionals. The study however submitted that gender and age have little
influence on the EI of construction professionals.
It is therefore paramount that ways of improving emotional capacities of construction professionals
are sought after to enhance their overall performance, and in doing so, the performance of the
construction industry can be improved. EI is not an innate ability (i.e. not inborn); efforts should be
made to improve on the emotional capacities of construction professionals constantly. In achieving
this, the various professional bodies should ensure that some of their seminars and workshop
themes are tailored to improving social interactions, the personal relationship among the
construction professional. In addition, emotional competencies should be encouraged among
construction professionals. This can be achieved by introducing psychological courses into the
construction professionals’ academic and professional training.

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APPRAISAL OF MULTISKILLING DIMENSIONS TO QUANTITY SURVEYING

PRACTICE IN LAGOS STATE NIGERIA

Joseph Aderemi Akinola

1
Department of Quantity Surveying,
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.

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