S5ch8ex Ans 2

102
Chapter 8 Locus
Q & A (P.8.2) Instant Drill 2 (P.8.9)

1.
The locus is the line segment OB.
Instant Drill 3 (P.8.10)

(a)
2. The path is a parabola.
Review Exercise (P.8.3)

1. Distance between point C and AD
= CD
The locus is a circle with centre A and radius 3 cm.
= AB
(b) The locus and the larger circle are concentric circles.
= 4 cm

2. Distance between AB and EF
(a)
= (1 + 3) cm
= 4 cm
Instant Drill 1 (P.8.8) The locus is the line segment joining the mid-points of
(a)
AD and BC.
(b)
The locus is a circle with centre B and radius 2 cm.

(b)
The locus consists of a line segment and two

The locus is the perpendicular bisector of the line
semi-circles outside the rectangle. The line segment is
segment AC.
3 cm long, parallel to BC and at a distance of 3 cm
from BC. The two semi-circles are of radii 3 cm and
with centres B and C respectively.
© Oxford University Press 2015

Chapter 8: Locus 103
Instant Drill 5 (P.8.11) (b) Substitute x = 2 and y = 2 into the equation of the
locus of P.
L.H.S. = 22 + 4(2)  4 = 8  R.H.S.
i.e. (2 , 2) does not satisfy the equation of the locus
of P.
The locus is a parabola, which lies inside ABCD. The ∴ The locus of P does not pass through R(2 , 2).
parabola opens upward with A and B as the end points.
Instant Drill 6 (P.8.18) y 6
(a) Slope of PA =
∵ PA = 2 x 8
y0 y
Slope of OP = =
∴ ( x  2) 2  ( y  0) 2 = 2 x0 x
(x  2)2 + y2 = 4 ∵ OPA = 90
∴ The equation of the locus of P is (x  2)2 + y2 = 4. ∴ Slope of PA  slope of OP = 1
y6 y
 = 1
x 8 x
y(y  6) = x(x  8)
∵ PA = PB
y2  6y = x2  8x
∴ [ x  (3)]  ( y  0)
2 2
= ( x  2)  ( y  1)
2 2
x2 + y2  8x  6y = 0
(x + 3) + y = (x  2) + (y  1)
2 2 2 2
∴ The equation of the locus of P is
x + 6x + 9 + y2 = x2  4x + 4 + y2  2y + 1
2
x2 + y2  8x  6y = 0, excluding points O(0 , 0) and
10x + 2y + 4 = 0
A(8 , 6).
5x + y + 2 = 0
(b) The locus of P is a circle.
∴ The equation of the locus of P is 5x + y + 2 = 0.
 8 6
Coordinates of the centre =   ,  = (4 , 3)
 2 2 
Instant Drill 8 (P.8.20) Radius = 4 2  32  0 = 5
(a) ∴ The locus of P is a circle with centre (4 , 3) and
radius 5, excluding points O and A.
(a)
Let Q be a point on the line y = 2 such that PQ is
perpendicular to the line y = 2.
PQ = 2  y
OP = ( x  0) 2  ( y  0) 2
= x2  y2
∵ OP = PQ
Γ is parallel to L1.
∴ x2  y2 = 2  y
(b) Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
x2 + y2 = (2  y)2
00 42
x2 + y2 = 4  4y + y2 = , 
 2 2 
x2 + 4y  4 = 0 = (0 , 1)
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x2 + 4y  4 = 0.

104 Solutions
2  (4) (d)
(c) Slope of L1 =
30
=2
Slope of  = slope of L1 = 2
 passes through the mid-point of AB.
∴ The required equation is
y = 2x + (1)
2x  y  1 = 0
The locus consists of a line segment and two
semi-circles outside the square. The line segment is
Instant Drill Corner 8.1 (P.8.13)
2 cm long, parallel to BC and at a distance of 1 cm
(a)
from BC. The two semi-circles are of radii 1 cm and
with centres B and C respectively.
(e)
The locus is a parabola, which lies inside ABCD. The

The locus is a circle with centre A and radius 2 cm.
parabola opens downward with C and D as the end
(b)
points.
Instant Drill Corner 8.2 (P.8.24)

1. ∵ PA = 3
∴ ( x  4) 2  ( y  2) 2 = 3
The locus is the perpendicular bisector of AD.
(c) (x  4)2 + (y  2)2 = 9
(x  4)2 + (y  2)2 = 9.
2. (a) ∵ PA = PB
The locus is the line segment AC. ∴ [ x  (1)]2  ( y  0) 2
= ( x  2) 2  ( y  4) 2
(x + 1)2 + y2 = (x  2)2 + (y  4)2
x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 = x2  4x + 4 + y2  8y + 16
6x + 8y  19 = 0
6x + 8y  19 = 0.
(b) The locus is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

3. (a) (b) Slope of the locus of P = 2

7 7
x-intercept of the locus of P =  =
2 2
7
y-intercept of the locus of P =  = 7
1
∴ The locus of P is a straight line with slope 2,
7
x-intercept and y-intercept  7.
Let Q be a point on the line y = 2 such that PQ is 2
perpendicular to the line y = 2.

PQ = y  (2) Exercise 8A (P.8.13)
=y+2 1.
PF = ( x  6) 2  ( y  0) 2
= ( x  6) 2  y 2
∵ PF = PQ
∴ ( x  6) 2  y 2 = y + 2
(x  6)2 + y2 = (y + 2)2
x2  12x + 36 + y2 = y2 + 4y + 4
x2  12x  4y + 32 = 0
∴ The equation of the locus of P is The locus is a circle with centre D and radius 4 cm.
x  12x  4y + 32 = 0.
2
(b) Substitute x = 5 and y = 3 into the equation of the 2.

locus of P.
L.H.S. = 52  12(5)  4(3) + 32 = 9  R.H.S.
i.e. (5 , 3) does not satisfy the equation of the
locus of P.
∴ (5 , 3) is not a point on the locus of P.

2
4. (a) Slope of L =  =2 segment AB.
1
∵ The locus of P is parallel to L.
∴ Slope of the locus of P 3.
= slope of L
=2
The required equation is
y  (1) = 2(x  3)
y + 1 = 2x  6
2x  y  7 = 0 The locus is a line segment of length 2.5 m, parallel to
AB and at a distance of 28 cm from AB.

106 Solutions
4. 7. (a)
The locus is the angle bisector of AOB inside The locus is a parabola whose axis of symmetry is
△AOB. the line passing through the statue and
perpendicular to the pool’s edge.
5. (a) (b) The point is the mid-point of the perpendicular
drawn from the statue to the pool’s edge.
8.
The locus is the line segment joining the

mid-points of AD and BC.
(b) The locus of P is perpendicular to and bisects AD.
6. The locus is a parabola opening upward and with B as

the vertex.
9. (a)

segment CD.
The locus is a closed figure which is formed by two (b) The locus of Q is the perpendicular bisector of the
line segments and two semi-circles. The two line line segment BE.
segments are 3 cm long, parallel to AB and at a In the regular pentagon ABCDE, the line
distance of 2 cm from AB. The two semi-circles are of segments BE and CD are parallel to each other,
radii 2 cm and with centres A and B respectively. and the perpendicular bisectors of BE and CD are
the same.
∴ The loci of Q and P are the same.
∴ The claim is agreed.

10. (a) The locus is the perpendicular bisector of the line

segment AB.
12. (a)
3
The locus is of a circle with centre B and
4
radius 3 m. The locus is a closed figure which is formed by
(b) three line segments and three arcs. The three line
segments are 2 cm long and parallel to the sides of
the triangle. The three arcs are centred at the
vertices of the triangle and of radii 1 cm.
(b)
3
The locus is of a circle with centre B and
4
1
radius 8 m, together with of a circle with
4
centre C and radius 4 m. The locus is a closed figure which is formed by
four line segments and four arcs. The four line
11. (a) ∵ OA and OB are the radii of the circle. segments are 3 cm long and parallel to the sides of
∴ The lengths of OA and OB are the same. the square. The four arcs are centred at the
(b) vertices of the square and of radii 1 cm.
13. (a)
The locus is a straight line which is parallel to L1

and L2 , and equidistant from L1 and L2 .
(b) When M moves, it maintains an equal distance
from L1 and L2 .
(or other reasonable answers)

108 Solutions
14. (a) (b) B and H are the mid-points of AC and GI

respectively.
∴ The locus of P passes through the mid-points
of AC and GI.
When P lies on DE,
The locus is the line segment BD. DP = PE
(b) ∴ The locus of P passes through the mid-point
of DE.
∴ The claim is agreed.
Exercise 8B (P.8.25)
1. ∵ PD = 4
The locus is two straight lines parallel to AC and ∴ ( x  0) 2  [ y  (5)]2 = 4
at a distance of 3 cm from AC. x2 + (y + 5)2 = 16
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x2 + (y + 5)2 = 16.
15.
2. ∵ PA = 3
∴ ( x  0) 2  ( y  0) 2 = 3
x2 + y2 = 9
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x2 + y2 = 9.
The locus is a parabola, which lies inside ABCDE.

3. ∵ PA = 2
The parabola opens upward with A and C as the
∴ ( x  5) 2  ( y  3) 2 = 2
end points.
(x  5)2 + (y  3)2 = 4
16. (a)
(x  5)2 + (y  3)2 = 4.
4. ∵ PA = 5
∴ [ x  (2)] 2  [ y  (4)] 2 = 5
(x + 2)2 + (y + 4)2 = 25
(x + 2)2 + (y + 4)2 = 25.
The locus is a parabola, which lies inside ACIG.
The parabola opens to the right with B and H as
the end points.

5. ∵ PM = PN 9. ∵ PA = PB
∴ [ x  (8)]2  [ y  (3)]2 ∴ ( x  5) 2  [ y  (1)]2 = [ x  (3)]2  ( y  3) 2
= ( x  0) 2  [ y  (3)]2 (x  5)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y  3)2
(x + 8)2 + (y + 3)2 = x2 + (y + 3)2 x2  10x + 25 + y2 + 2y + 1 = x2 + 6x + 9 + y2  6y + 9
x2 + 16x + 64 = x2 16x  8y  8 = 0
16x = 64 2x  y  1 = 0
x = 4 ∴ The equation of the locus of P is 2x  y  1 = 0.
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x = 4.

10. (a) ∵ PA = 2PB
6. (a) ∵ PE = PF ∴ [ x  (2)]2  ( y  2) 2
∴ [ x  (1)]2  ( y  4) 2 = 2 ( x  1) 2  ( y  6) 2
= [ x  (1)]2  [ y  (2)]2 (x + 2)2 + (y  2)2 = 4[(x  1)2 + (y  6)2]
(x + 1)2 + (y  4)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 x2 + 4x + 4 + y2  4y + 4 = 4(x2  2x + 1 +
y2  8y + 16 = y2 + 4y + 4 y2  12y + 36)
12y = 12 x2 + y2 + 4x  4y + 8 = 4x2 + 4y2  8x 
y=1 48y + 148
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y = 1. 3x + 3y  12x  44y + 140 = 0

2 2
(b) The locus of P is parallel to the x-axis. ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
3x2 + 3y2  12x  44y + 140 = 0.
7. (a) The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of (b) 3x2 + 3y2  12x  44y + 140 = 0
44 140
AB. x2 + y2  4x  y+ =0
3 3
(b) ∵ PA = PB
The locus of P is a circle.
∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  3) 2 Coordinates of the centre
= [ x  (2)]2  [ y  (2)]2  44 
 4  
(x  1) + (y  3) = (x + 2) + (y + 2)
2 2 2 2
=  , 3 
 2 2 
x  2x + 1 + y2  6y + 9 = x2 + 4x + 4 +
2  
 
y2 + 4y + 4  22 
= 2 , 
6x  10y  2 = 0  3 
3x + 5y  1 = 0  22  140
2
100 10
Radius = 2 2     = =
∴ The equation of the locus of P is  3 3 9 3
3x + 5y  1 = 0. ∴ The locus of P is a circle with centre
 22  10
 2 ,  and radius .
8. ∵ PA = PB  3  3
∴ ( x  4) 2  ( y  0) 2 = ( x  0) 2  ( y  7) 2
(x  4)2 + y2 = x2 + (y  7)2
x2  8x + 16 + y2 = x2 + y2  14y + 49
8x  14y + 33 = 0
8x  14y + 33 = 0.

110 Solutions
11. 13.
Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is

Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is perpendicular to the x-axis.
perpendicular to the x-axis. PQ = y
PQ = 0  y PF = [ x  (1)]2  ( y  1) 2
= y
= ( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2
PF = [ x  (3)]2  [ y  (2)]2 ∵ PF = PQ
= ( x  3)  ( y  2)
2 2
∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2 = y
∵ PF = PQ
(x + 1)2 + (y  1)2 = y2
∴ ( x  3) 2  ( y  2) 2 = y x2 + 2x + 1 + y2  2y + 1 = y2
(x + 3)2 + (y + 2)2 = (y)2 x2 + 2x  2y + 2 = 0
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 + 4y + 4 = y2 ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
x2 + 2x  2y + 2 = 0.
2
x + 6x + 4y + 13 = 0
x2 + 6x + 4y + 13 = 0. 14.
12.

perpendicular to the x-axis.
Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is PQ = 0  y
perpendicular to the x-axis. = y
PQ = y PF = [ x  (5)]2  [ y  (3)]2
PF = ( x  0) 2  ( y  4) 2 = ( x  5) 2  ( y  3) 2
= x 2  ( y  4) 2 ∵ PF = PQ
∵ PF = PQ ∴ ( x  5) 2  ( y  3) 2 = y
∴ x 2  ( y  4) 2 = y (x + 5)2 + (y + 3)2 = (y)2
x2 + (y  4)2 = y2 x2 + 10x + 25 + y2 + 6y + 9 = y2
x2 + y2  8y + 16 = y2 x2 + 10x + 6y + 34 = 0
x2  8y + 16 = 0 ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x  8y + 16 = 0.
2
x2 + 10x + 6y + 34 = 0.

15. (a) 17.
Let M be a point on the x-axis such that PM is Let Q be a point on the line y = 1 such that PQ is
perpendicular to the x-axis and N be a point on the perpendicular to the line y = 1.
line y = 4 such that PN is perpendicular to the line PQ = y  (1)
y = 4. =y+1
PM = y PF = ( x  0) 2  ( y  1) 2
PN = 4  y = x 2  ( y  1) 2
∵ PM = PN
∵ PF = PQ
∴ y=4y
∴ x 2  ( y  1) 2 = y + 1
2y = 4
x2 + (y  1)2 = (y + 1)2
y=2
x2 + y2  2y + 1 = y2 + 2y + 1
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y = 2.
x2  4y = 0
(b) (i) y-coordinate of R = 2
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x2  4y = 0.
∴ The coordinates of R(1 , 2) satisfy the
equation obtained in (a).
18. (a)
(ii) y-coordinate of S = 3  2
∴ The coordinates of S(2 , 3) do not
satisfy the equation obtained in (a).
16. (a) ∵ PG = 10
∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2 = 10
(x  1)2 + (y  2)2 = 100 Let Q be a point on the line y = 4 such that PQ is
∴ The equation of the locus of P is perpendicular to the line y = 4.
(x  1)2 + (y  2)2 = 100. PQ = y  (4)
(b) Let (x , y) be the coordinates of Q. =y+4
Q is the mid-point of PG.
PF = [ x  (1)]2  ( y  2) 2
1 1
QG = PG =  10 = 5 = ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2
2 2
∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2 = 5 ∵ PF = PQ
(x  1)2 + (y  2)2 = 25 ∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2 = y + 4
∴ The equation of the locus of Q is (x + 1)2 + (y  2)2 = (y + 4)2
(x  1)2 + (y  2)2 = 25. x2 + 2x + 1 + y2  4y + 4 = y2 + 8y + 16
x2 + 2x  12y  11 = 0
x2 + 2x  12y  11 = 0.

112 Solutions
(b) Substitute x = 4 and y = 2 into the equation of (b) The locus of P is a circle.
the locus of P. Coordinates of the centre
L.H.S. = (4)2 + 2(4)  12(2)  11  6 4
=  , 
= 21  2 2 
= (3 , 2)
 R.H.S.
i.e. (4 , 2) does not satisfy the equation of the Radius = 32  22  (12) = 5
locus of P. ∴ The locus of P is a circle with centre (3 , 2)
∴ The locus of P does not pass through and radius 5, excluding points A and B.
(4 , 2).
21. (a) The locus of P is a pair of straight lines which
y 1 y 1 are parallel to the line x = 3, one on either side of
19. Slope of PC = =
x  (4) x  4 the line and each at a distance of 1 from the line
y  (6) y  6
Slope of PD = = x = 3.
x2 x2
∵ PC  PD (b) Let Q be a point on the line x =  such that PQ is
∴ Slope of PC  slope of PD = 1 perpendicular to the line x = .

y 1 y  6
 = 1
x4 x2
(y  1)(y + 6) = (x + 4)(x  2)
y2 + 5y  6 = (x2 + 2x  8)
y2 + 5y  6 = x2  2x + 8
x2 + y2 + 2x + 5y  14 = 0
∴ The equation of the locus of P is When P lies on the left-hand side of Q,
x + y + 2x + 5y  14 = 0, excluding points
2 2
PQ = 1
C(4 , 1) and D( , ). 3x=1
x=2
20. (a) Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point
P.
y 5 y 5
Slope of PA = =
x  (1) x  1
y  (1) y  1
Slope of PB = =
x7 x7
∵ APB = 90
∴ Slope of PA  slope of PB = 1 When P lies on the right-hand side of Q,
y  5 y 1 PQ = 1
 = 1
x 1 x  7 x3=1
(y  5)(y + 1) = (x + 1)(x  7) x=4
y  4y  5 = (x  6x  7)
2 2
∴ The equations of the locus of P are x = 2 and
y2  4y  5 = x2 + 6x + 7 x = 4.
x2 + y2  6x  4y  12 = 0
x2 + y2  6x  4y  12 = 0, excluding points
A(1 , 5) and B(7 , 1).

22. (a) Alternative Method

11
y-intercept of L1 =  = 11
1
∴ Coordinates of B = (0 , 11)
3x  y  11  0 ..................... (1)

 x  3 y  3  0 ...................... (2)
From (1), y = 11  3x ............ (3)
Substitute (3) into (2).
The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of the
x  3(11  3x) + 3 = 0
line segment AB.
x  33  9x + 3 = 0
∵ L1  L2
10x = 30
∴ AB  L2
x=3
∴ The perpendicular bisector of AB is parallel
Substitute x = 3 into (3).
to L2.
∴ The locus of P is parallel to L2 . y = 11  3(3) = 2
11 ∴ Coordinates of A = (3 , 2)
(b) y-intercept of L1 =  = 11
1 Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point P.
∴ Coordinates of B = (0 , 11) ∵ PA = PB
3x  y  11  0 ..................... (1)
 ∴ ( x  3) 2  ( y  2) 2 = ( x  0) 2  ( y  11) 2
 x  3 y  3  0 ...................... (2)
(x  3)2 + (y  2)2 = x2 + (y  11)2
From (1), y = 11  3x ............ (3)
x2  6x + 9 + y2  4y + 4 = x2 + y2  22y + 121
Substitute (3) into (2).
6x  18y + 108 = 0
x  3(11  3x) + 3 = 0
x  3y + 18 = 0
x  33  9x + 3 = 0
10x = 30
x  3y + 18 = 0.
x=3
Substitute x = 3 into (3).
23. (a) y-intercept of L = 4
y = 11  3(3) = 2
∴ The coordinates of A are (0 , 4).
∴ Coordinates of A = (3 , 2)
(b) (i) Let R be a point on the x-axis such that PR is
1 1
Slope of L2 =  = perpendicular to the x-axis.
3 3
Slope of the locus of P = slope of L2 ∵ Area of △ABC = area of △PBC
1 1 1
= ∴ (OA)(BC) = (PR)(BC)
3 2 2
Coordinates of the mid-point of AB PR = OA
 3  0 2  11  =4
= , 
 2 2  The locus of P is a pair of straight lines
 3 13 
= ,  which are parallel to the x-axis, one on either
2 2 
side of the x-axis and each at a distance of 4
∴ The required equation is
from the x-axis.
13 1  3
y = x  ∴ The equations of the locus of P are y = 4
2 3 2
39 3 and y = 4.
3y  =x
2 2
x  3y + 18 = 0

114 Solutions
(ii) Distance between Q and the x-axis = 5

PR = 4
1
Area of △QBC = (BC)(5)
2
1
Area of △PBC = (BC)(4)
2
1
< (BC)(5)
2
∴ Area of △QBC is larger.
When P lies on the left-hand side of M,
PM = PN
24. (a) (i) The coordinates of B are (6 , 2).
6x=y2
(ii)
x+y8=0
∴ The equations of the locus of P are
x  y  4 = 0 and x + y  8 = 0.
Supplementary Exercise 8 (P.8.31)

1.
L1 is perpendicu lar to L2 .
(b) (i) The locus of P is the two angle bisectors of
the angles formed between L1 and L2 .
Let D be a point on the line segment BC such that
(ii) The equation of L1 is x = 6.
AD  BC.
The equation of L2 is y = 2.
△ABC is an isosceles triangle, where AB = AC.
Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving 1
∴ CD = BC
point P. 2
1
Let M be a point on the line x = 6 such that =  8 cm
2
PM is perpendicular to the line x = 6 and N
= 4 cm
be a point on the line y = 2 such that PN is
In △ADC,
AD2 + DC2 = AC2
AD = AC 2  DC 2
= 52  42 cm
= 3 cm
∴ The distance between A and BC is 3 cm.
2. Distance between L1 and L2

= AB
When P lies on the right-hand side of M,
PM = PN = (0  3) 2  (7  3) 2
x6=y2 =5
xy4=0

3. 7. (a)
The locus is the line segment EF.

The locus is the perpendicular bisector of AB. (b)
4.
The locus is the line segment EC.
The locus is a circle with XY as a diameter.

8.
5.
The locus is an arc with centre E and radius 3 cm inside The locus is a closed figure which is formed by two
the square. line segments and two semi-circles. The two line
segments are 8 cm long, parallel to AB and at a
6. distance of 4 cm from AB. The two semi-circles are of

radii 4 cm and with centres A and B respectively.
9.
The locus is a pair of straight lines which are parallel to

the line L, one on either side of the line L and each at a The locus is the two angle bisectors of the angles
distance of 2 cm from L. formed between the two diagonals inside the rhombus.

116 Solutions
10. 16. ∵ PA = PB
∴ [ x  (1)]2  [ y  (2)]2
= [ x  (3)]2  ( y  6) 2
(x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y  6)2
x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 + 4y + 4 = x2 + 6x + 9 + y2  12y + 36
The locus is a parabola opening downward.
4x  16y + 40 = 0
x  4y + 10 = 0
11. ∵ PA = 2
∴ ( x  0) 2  ( y  5) 2 = 2
x2 + (y  5)2 = 4 17.
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x + (y  5) = 4. 2 2
12. ∵ PA = 7
∴ ( x  2) 2  ( y  6) 2 = 7
(x  2)2 + (y  6)2 = 49
∴ The equation of the locus of P is Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is
(x  2) + (y  6) = 49.
2 2
PQ = y
13. ∵ PA = 4 PF = ( x  0) 2  ( y  7) 2
∴ [ x  (5)]2  [ y  (4)]2 = 4 = x 2  ( y  7) 2
2 2
(x + 5) + (y + 4) = 16 ∵ PF = PQ
2 2
∴ x 2  ( y  7) 2 = y
(x + 5) + (y + 4) = 16.
x2 + (y  7)2 = y2
x2 + y2  14y + 49 = y2
14. ∵ PA = PB
x2  14y + 49 = 0
∴ ( x  2)  ( y  0)
2 2
= ( x  0)  ( y  4)
2 2
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x2  14y + 49 = 0.
(x  2)2 + y2 = x2 + (y  4)2
x2  4x + 4 + y2 = x2 + y2  8y + 16 18.
4x  8y + 12 = 0
x  2y + 3 = 0
15. ∵ PA = PB
∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  5) 2 = [ x  (4)]2  ( y  3) 2 Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is

(x  1) + (y  5) = (x + 4) + (y  3)
2 2 2 2
x  2x + 1 + y  10y + 25 = x + 8x + 16 + y  6y + 9
2 2 2 2
PQ = 0  y
10x + 4y  1 = 0 = y
∴ The equation of the locus of P is 10x + 4y  1 = 0. PF = ( x  2) 2  [ y  (3)]2
= ( x  2) 2  ( y  3) 2

∵ PF = PQ PN = 7  x
∴ ( x  2) 2  ( y  3) 2 = y ∵ PM = PN
(x  2)2 + (y + 3)2 = (y)2 ∴ x1=7x
x2  4x + 4 + y2 + 6y + 9 = y2 2x = 8
x2  4x + 6y + 13 = 0 x=4
∴ The equation of the locus of P is ∴ The equation of the locus of P is x = 4.
x2  4x + 6y + 13 = 0. (b) The x-coordinate of (1 , 4) is not 4.

∴ (1 , 4) is not a point on the locus of P.
19.
21.

Let Q be a point on the line y = 3 such that PQ is
PQ = 0  y
= y
PQ = 3  y
PF = [ x  (6)]2  [ y  (1)]2
PF = ( x  0) 2  [ y  (2)]2
= ( x  6)  ( y  1)
2 2
= x 2  ( y  2) 2
∵ PF = PQ
∵ PF = PQ
∴ ( x  6) 2  ( y  1) 2 = y
∴ x 2  ( y  2) 2 = 3  y
(x + 6)2 + (y + 1)2 = (y)2
x2 + (y + 2)2 = (3  y)2
x2 + 12x + 36 + y2 + 2y + 1 = y2
x2 + y2 + 4y + 4 = 9  6y + y2
x2 + 12x + 2y + 37 = 0
x2 + 10y  5 = 0
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x2 + 10y  5 = 0.
x2 + 12x + 2y + 37 = 0.
20. (a) 22. AP : PB = 3 : 1

AP = 3PB
( x  1) 2  ( y  3) 2 = 3 [ x  (7)]2  ( y  3) 2
(x  1)2 + (y  3)2 = 9[(x + 7)2 + (y  3)2]
x2  2x + 1 + y2  6y + 9 = 9(x2 + 14x + 49 +
y2  6y + 9)
x2 + y2  2x  6y + 10 = 9x2 + 9y2 +
Let M be a point on the line x = 1 such that PM is
126x  54y + 522
perpendicular to the line x = 1 and N be a point on
8x2 + 8y2 + 128x  48y + 512 = 0
the line x = 7 such that PN is perpendicular to the
x2 + y2 + 16x  6y + 64 = 0
line x = 7.
PM = x  1
x2 + y2 + 16x  6y + 64 = 0.

118 Solutions
The locus of P is a circle. 1

26. Area of the triangle =  base  height
2
 16 6
Coordinates of the centre =   ,   = (8 , 3) Height of △PMN (with base MN)
 2 2 
2  area
=
Radius = (8) 2  32  64 = 3 base
2 20
∴ The locus of P is a circle with centre (8 , 3) and = cm
8
radius 3. = 5 cm
23.
The locus is a pair of straight lines which are parallel to

L and each at a distance of 1 cm from L. The locus is a pair of straight lines which are parallel to
MN and each at a distance of 5 cm from MN.
24. (a)
27.
The locus is a circle with centre O and radius Draw the loci of the point satisfying conditions (I) and
2 cm. (II) respectively. The point of intersection of the loci
(b) The locus of P and the original circle are should be the location of the statue.
concentric circles.
28. (a)
25.
Since all the circles touch both OA and OB, the centre The locus is the straight line passing through A
of each circle is at an equal distance from OA and OB. and D.
∴ The locus is the angle bisector of AOB. (b) The moving point P maintains an equal distance
from E and C.
The moving point P maintains an equal distance
from BC and FE.
(or other reasonable answers)
(c) The locus of P is parallel to BC.

29. (a) (b) Substitute x = 2 and y = 2 into y = x.

L.H.S. = 2
R.H.S. = (2)
=2
∵ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
The locus is the perpendicular bisector of MN, ∴ (2 , 2) satisfies y = x.
excluding the mid-point of MN. ∴ (2 , 2) is a point on the locus of P.
(b)
31. (a) ∵ PA = PB
∴ [ x  (3)]2  ( y  3) 2
= ( x  5) 2  ( y  1) 2
(x + 3)2 + (y  3)2 = (x  5)2 + (y  1)2
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2  6y + 9 = x2  10x + 25 +
The locus is a pair of circles with centres M, N y2  2y + 1
respectively and radii 4 cm, excluding the four points 16x  4y  8 = 0
at which they cut the line passing through M, N. 4x  y  2 = 0
30. (a) Let A be a point on the y-axis such that PA is 4x  y  2 = 0.
perpendicular to the y-axis and B be a point on the (b) (i) AQ2 = [x  (3)]2 + (y  3)2
x-axis such that PB is perpendicular to the x-axis. = (x + 3)2 + (y  3)2
BQ2 = (x  5)2 + (y  1)2
AB2 = (3  5)2 + (3  1)2
or = 68
∵ AQ2 + BQ2 = AB2
∴ (x + 3)2 + (y  3)2 + (x  5)2 +
When P lies on the right-hand side of the y-axis, (y  1)2 = 68
PB = PA x2 + 6x + 9 + y2  6y + 9 + x2 
y  0 = x  0 (or 0  y = x  0) 10x + 25 + y2  2y + 1 = 68
y = x (or y = x) 2x2 + 2y2  4x  8y  24 = 0
x2 + y2  2x  4y  12 = 0
∴ The equation of the locus of Q is
or x2 + y2  2x  4y  12 = 0.
(ii) The locus of Q is a circle.
Coordinates of the centre
When P lies on the left-hand side of the y-axis,  2 4
=  , 
PB = PA  2 2 
y  0 = 0  x (or 0  y = 0  x) = (1 , 2)
y = x (or y = x) Radius = 12  22  (12) = 17
∴ The equations of the locus of P are y = x and ∴ The locus of Q is a circle with centre
y = x. (1 , 2) and radius 17 .

120 Solutions
32. (a) ∵ PE = PF Join OP and OA.
∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  4) 2 = ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2
(x  1)2 + (y  4)2 = (x  1)2 + (y  2)2
y2  8y + 16 = y2  4y + 4
4y = 12
y=3
∴ The equation of the locus of P is y = 3.
In △AOP,
(b) (i)
OA2 = OP2 + AP2
OP = OA2  AP 2
= 102  82 cm
= 6 cm
∴ When AB moves, the mid-point of AB maintains a
fixed distance of 6 cm from O.
Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving
point Q and R be a point on the line y = 3
such that QR is perpendicular to the line
y = 3.
QR = 3  y
QF = ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2
∵ QF = QR The locus of the mid-point of AB is a circle with centre
O and radius 6 cm.
∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  2) 2 = 3  y
(x  1)2 + (y  2)2 = (3  y)2
34. (a) Coordinates of A = (6 , 4)
x2  2x + 1 + y2  4y + 4 = 9  6y + y2
Coordinates of B = (1 , 4)
x2  2x + 2y  4 = 0
(b) Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point
∴ The equation of the locus of Q is
P.
x2  2x + 2y  4 = 0.
∵ PA = PB
(ii) The locus of Q is a parabola opening
downward. ∴ [ x  (6)]2  ( y  4) 2
= ( x  1) 2  [ y  (4)]2
33. When AB moves, its length is fixed to be 16 cm, and (x + 6)2 + (y  4)2 = (x  1)2 + (y + 4)2
the distance between the mid-point of AB and the x2 + 12x + 36 + y2  8y + 16 = x2  2x + 1 +
centre O remains unchanged. y2 + 8y + 16
Let P be the mid-point of AB. Then OP  AB. 14x  16y + 35 = 0
1 1 ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
PA = AB =  16 cm = 8 cm
2 2
14x  16y + 35 = 0.

35. (a) ∵ PA = PB (b) Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point

∴ ( x  2) 2  ( y  5) 2 P.
40 2
= [ x  (4)]2  ( y  2) 2 Slope of L = =
0  (6) 3
(x  2)2 + (y  5)2 = (x + 4)2 + (y  2)2 2
Slope of  = slope of L =
x  4x + 4 + y  10y + 25 = x + 8x + 16 +
2 2 2 3
Suppose  and the y-axis intersect at point Q.
y2  4y + 4
Coordinates of the mid-point of AQ
12x  6y  9 = 0
 0  0 4  (2) 
4x + 2y  3 = 0 = , 
 2 2 
= (0 , 1)
4x + 2y  3 = 0.
 passes through the mid-point of AQ.
4
(b) (i) Slope of the locus of P =  = 2 ∴ The equation of  is
2
1 2
(ii) Substitute x = 1 and y =  into the y=
3
x+1
2
equation of the locus of P. 3y = 2x + 3
 1 2x  3y + 3 = 0
L.H.S. = 4(1) + 2    3
 2 3
(c) x-intercept of  = 
=0 2
3
= R.H.S. y-intercept of  =  =1
 1 3
∴ 1 ,   satisfies the equation of the  3 
 2 ∴ Coordinates of C =   , 0 
locus of P.  2 
 1 Coordinates of D = (0 , 1)
∴ 1 ,   is a point on the locus of P.
 2 1
Area of △OCD = (OC)(OD)
2
(c) The straight line L is perpendicular to the locus of
1   3 
P. = 0    (1  0)
2   2 
∴ Slope of L  (2) = 1 3
=
1 4
slope of L =
2 1
∴ The equation of L is Area of △OAB = (OB)(OA)
2
 1 1 1
y     = (x  1) = [0  (6)](4  0)
 2 2 2
2y + 1 = x  1 = 12
x  2y  2 = 0 Area of the quadrilateral ABCD
= area of △OAB  area of △OCD
3
36. (a) = 12 
4
45
=
4
Area of △OCD : area of the quadrilateral ABCD
3 45
= :
4 4
= 1 : 15
 is parallel to L.

122 Solutions
40 1 L is perpendicular to the line segment from

37. (a) Slope of L1 = =
0  (8) 2
the centre to (1 , 4).
∵ L2  L1 1 4
∴ Slope of L = =
∴ Slope of L2  slope of L1 = 1 3 3

1 4
slope of L2  = 1
2 The equation of L is
slope of L2 = 2 4
y  4 = [x  (1)]
The equation of L2 is 3
y = 2x + 4 3y  12 = 4x + 4
4x  3y + 16 = 0
2x + y  4 = 0
(b) Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point
P. 39. B
∵ PT = 5
40. C
∴ [ x  (3)]2  ( y  0) 2 = 5
The locus of P is a circle with centre M.
(x + 3)2 + y2 = 25
∴ The answer is C.
∴ The equation of  is (x + 3)2 + y2 = 25.
4
(c) (i) x-intercept of L2 = =2 41. D
2
∴ Coordinates of B = (2 , 0) A. The locus of P is a straight line which is parallel
Substitute x = 2 and y = 0 into the equation of to WX and YZ, and equidistant from the lines WX
. and YZ.
L.H.S. = (2 + 3)2 + 02 = 25 = R.H.S. B. The locus of P is the two angle bisectors of the
i.e. (2 , 0) satisfies the equation of . angles formed between WX and YZ.
∴ B(2 , 0) is a point on . C. The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of
(ii) BCA = 90 WZ.
∴ AB is a diameter of . D. The locus of P is a parabola.
(converse of  in semi-circle) ∴ The answer is D.
38. (a) Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point P. 42. C

∵ PA = 5 A. The locus of P is a closed figure which is formed
by two line segments parallel to RS and two
∴ ( x  3) 2  ( y  1) 2 = 5
semi-circles with centres R and S respectively.
(x  3)2 + (y  1)2 = 25
B. The locus of P is the perpendicular bisector of RS.
∴ The equation of  is (x  3)2 + (y  1)2 = 25.
C. The locus of P is a circle with diameter RS.
(b) (i) L is a tangent to .
D. The locus of P is a pair of straight lines which are
(ii)  is a circle.
parallel to RS.
Coordinates of the centre = (3 , 1)
∴ The answer is C.
Slope of the line segment from the centre to
(1 , 4)
1 4
=
3  (1)
3
=
4

43. A 45. A
I. AB = (3  0)2  (0  4)2
=5
∵ PA = 5
∴ The locus of P passes through B.
∴ I must be true.
II. Distance between (1.5 , 2) and A
Let A(x , 6) be a point on the line KN such that PA is
= [1.5  (3)]2  (2  0)2
perpendicular to the line KN and B(x , 1) be a point on
= 2.5
the line LM such that PB is perpendicular to the line
Distance between (1.5 , 2) and B
LM.
= (1.5  0)2  (2  4)2
∵ PA = PB
= 2.5 ∴ 6y=y1
∵ (1.5 , 2) is equidistant from A and B.
7 = 2y
∴ (1.5 , 2) is a point on the locus of Q. 7
y=
∴ II is not true. 2
7
III. The locus of P is a circle with centre A and ∴ The equation of the locus of P is y  .
2
passing through B, and the locus of Q is the
perpendicular bisector of AB.
46. A
∴ The locus of P and the locus of Q intersect at
two points.
∴ III is not true.
∴ Only I must be true.
44. C
EF = 7  2 = 5
∵ PF = EF
Let Q be a point on the line y = 4 such that PQ is
∴ ( x  7) 2  ( y  3) 2 = 5
perpendicular to the line y = 4.
(x  7)2 + (y  3)2 = 25
PQ = y  (4)
x2  14x + 49 + y2  6y + 9 = 25 =y+4
x2 + y2  14x  6y + 33 = 0
PA = ( x  3) 2  [ y  (2)]2
= ( x  3) 2  ( y  2) 2
x2 + y2  14x  6y + 33 = 0.
∵ PA = PQ
∴ ( x  3) 2  ( y  2) 2 = y + 4
(x  3)2 + (y + 2)2 = (y + 4)2
x2  6x + 9 + y2 + 4y + 4 = y2 + 8y + 16
x2  6x  4y  3 = 0
x2  6x  4y  3 = 0.

124 Solutions
47. B 51. (a) (i)  is parallel to L.

1  0 1 (ii) x  3y  6 = 0
Slope of L1 = =
03 3 (b) (i) yes (ii) 1 : 1
Suppose L1 and L2 intersect the y-axis at points A and B
respectively.
52. (a) (6 , 17)
Coordinates of A = (0 , 1)
(b) (i) 25
Coordinates of B = (0 , 5)
(ii) (1) P, Q and R are collinear. (2) 3 : 2
Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
 0  0  1  (5) 
= ,  53. A 54. A
 2 2 
= (0 , 3)
Inquiry & Investigation 8.1 (P.8.40)
The locus of P is a straight line parallel to L1.
1 Investigation Steps
Slope of the locus of P = slope of L1 =
3 2. (a) PA = ( x  1) 2  ( y  0) 2
The locus of P passes through the mid-point of AB.
= ( x  1) 2  y 2
1 PB = [ x  (2)]2  ( y  0)2
y= x 3
3
= ( x  2)2  y 2
3y = x  9
x  3y  9 = 0 (b) ∵ PA + PB = 5
∴ ( x  1)2  y 2 + ( x  2)2  y 2 = 5
48. C ( x  1)2  y 2  5 =  ( x  2)2  y 2
Coordinates of B = (3 , 5)
[ ( x  1) 2  y 2  5]2 = [ ( x  2) 2  y 2 ]2
Coordinates of C = (5 , 3)
(x  1)2 + y2 
Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point P.
10 ( x  1) 2  y 2 + 25 = (x + 2)2 + y2
∵ PB = PC
x2  2x + 1 
∴ [ x  (3)]2  [ y  (5)]2 = ( x  5) 2  ( y  3) 2
10 ( x  1) 2  y 2 + 25 = x2 + 4x + 4
(x + 3)2 + (y + 5)2 = (x  5)2 + (y  3)2
x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 + 10y + 25 = x2  10x + 25 + 6x + 22 = 10 ( x  1) 2  y 2
y2  6y + 9 11  3x = 5 ( x  1) 2  y 2
16x + 16y = 0 (11  3x)2 = 25[(x  1)2 + y2]
x+y=0 121  66x + 9x2 = 25(x2  2x + 1 + y2)
∴ The equation of the locus of P is x + y = 0. 121  66x + 9x2 = 25x2  50x + 25 + 25y2
16x2 + 25y2 + 16x  96 = 0
49. (a) 3x + 4y  48 = 0 ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
(b) (i)  is parallel to L2. 16x2 + 25y2 + 16x  96 = 0.
(ii) 3x + 4y  32 = 0
Conclusion
50. (a) A: (3 , 4), B: (5 , 2) If a point P(x , y) moves such that the sum of the distances
(b) x  3y  1 = 0 from it to two fixed points A(1 , 0) and B(2 , 0) is always
equal to 5, then the equation of the locus of P is
16x2 + 25y2 + 16x  96 = 0.

Unit Test (P.8.41) 5. A

1. 2
Slope of L1 =  =2
1
1
y-intercept of L1 =  =1
1
2
Slope of L2 =  =2
1
5
y-intercept of L2 =  = 5
(1A) 1
The locus of P is a parabola opening upward and with ∴ L1 // L2
vertex (0 , 3). (1A+1A) ∴ The locus of P is parallel to L1 and L2.
Slope of the locus of P = slope of L1 = 2
1 Suppose L1 and L2 intersect the y-axis at points A and B
2. (a) Slope of L2 =  = 1 (1A)
1 respectively.
∵ L3  L2
Coordinates of A = (0 , 1)
1
∴ Slope of L3 = (1M) Coordinates of B = (0 , 5)
1
=1 Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
The equation of L3 is  0  0 1  (5) 
= , 
y=x3  2 2 
= (0 , 2)
xy+3=0 (1A)
(b) (i) Γ is parallel to L2 . (1A) ∴ The equation of the locus of P is
y = 2x + (2)
 x  y  1  0 .............................(1)
(ii)  2x  y  2 = 0
 x  y  3  0 ............................(2)
(1) + (2): 2x + 4 = 0 (1M)
6. B
x = 2
Coordinates of A = (4 , 0)
Substitute x = 2 into (1).
2 + y + 1 = 0
y=
∴ Coordinates of B = (2 , ) (1A)
Coordinates of the mid-point of AB
 0  (2) 3  1 
= ,  (1M)
 2 2 
Let (x , y) be the coordinates of the moving point P and
= (1 , 2)
Q be a point on the line x = 1 such that PQ is
∵  // L2
perpendicular to the line x = 1.
∴ Slope of  = slope of L2 = 1
PQ = x  1
The equation of  is
PA = ( x  4) 2  ( y  0) 2 = ( x  4) 2  y 2
y  2 = 1[x  (1)] (1M)
∵ PA = PQ
y  2 = x  1
x+y1=0 (1A) ∴ ( x  4) 2  y 2 = x  1
(x  4)2 + y2 = (x  1)2
3. C x2  8x + 16 + y2 = x2  2x + 1
6x  y2  15 = 0
4. B ∴ The equation of the locus of P is 6x  y2  15 = 0.

S5ch8ex Ans 2

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102

Q & A (P.8.2) Instant Drill 2 (P.8.9)

The locus is the line segment OB.

Instant Drill 3 (P.8.10)

Review Exercise (P.8.3)

Instant Drill 4 (P.8.11)

The locus is a circle with centre B and radius 2 cm.

The locus consists of a line segment and two

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Instant Drill 10 (P.8.24)

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The locus is a parabola, which lies inside ABCD. The

Instant Drill Corner 8.2 (P.8.24)

The locus is the line segment AC. ∴ [ x  (1)]2  ( y  0) 2

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3. (a) (b) Slope of the locus of P = 2

perpendicular to the line y = 2.

(b) Substitute x = 5 and y = 3 into the equation of the 2.

The locus is the perpendicular bisector of the line

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The locus is the line segment joining the

6. The locus is a parabola opening upward and with B as

The locus is the perpendicular bisector of the line

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10. (a) The locus is the perpendicular bisector of the line

The locus is a straight line which is parallel to L1

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14. (a) (b) B and H are the mid-points of AC and GI

The locus is a parabola, which lies inside ABCDE.

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∴ [ x  (8)]2  [ y  (3)]2 ∴ ( x  5) 2  [ y  (1)]2 = [ x  (3)]2  ( y  3) 2

= ( x  0) 2  [ y  (3)]2 (x  5)2 + (y + 1)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y  3)2

(x + 8)2 + (y + 3)2 = x2 + (y + 3)2 x2  10x + 25 + y2 + 2y + 1 = x2 + 6x + 9 + y2  6y + 9

x = 4 ∴ The equation of the locus of P is 2x  y  1 = 0.

∴ The equation of the locus of P is x = 4.

= [ x  (1)]2  [ y  (2)]2 (x + 2)2 + (y  2)2 = 4[(x  1)2 + (y  6)2]

(x + 1)2 + (y  4)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y + 2)2 x2 + 4x + 4 + y2  4y + 4 = 4(x2  2x + 1 +

12y = 12 x2 + y2 + 4x  4y + 8 = 4x2 + 4y2  8x 

y=1 48y + 148

∴ The equation of the locus of P is y = 1. 3x + 3y  12x  44y + 140 = 0

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Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is

Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is

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15. (a) 17.

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∴ Slope of PC  slope of PD = 1 perpendicular to the line x = .

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22. (a) Alternative Method

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(ii) Distance between Q and the x-axis = 5

Supplementary Exercise 8 (P.8.31)

2. Distance between L1 and L2

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The locus is the line segment EF.

The locus is the line segment EC.

The locus is a circle with XY as a diameter.

6. distance of 4 cm from AB. The two semi-circles are of

The locus is a pair of straight lines which are parallel to

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∴ ( x  1) 2  ( y  5) 2 = [ x  (4)]2  ( y  3) 2 Let Q be a point on the x-axis such that PQ is

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(x  2)2 + (y + 3)2 = (y)2 ∴ x1=7x

∴ The equation of the locus of P is ∴ The equation of the locus of P is x = 4.