More About Equations: y X y X

2
Chapter 1 More about Equations
Q & A (P.1.2) 4 x − 3 y = 4 ....................(1)

3. 
(a) y = −10x + 1 100  x + 3 y = 1 ...................... (2)
x 0 10 30 (1) + (2): 5x = 5
y 1 100 1 000 800 x=1
Substitute x = 1 into (2).
1 + 3y = 1
3y = 0
y=0
∴ The solution is x = 1, y = 0.
2 x − y = −14 ....................(1)
4. 
4 x + 5 y = 0 ...................... (2)
(1)  2: 4x − 2y = −28 ........ (3)
(2) − (3): 7y = 28
y=4
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection of the graphs Substitute y = 4 into (1).
is (20 , 900). 2x − 4 = −14
∴ The unit price of the product is $900. 2x = −10
x = −5
Review Exercise (P.1.5) ∴ The solution is x = −5, y = 4.
1. (a) From the figure, the point of intersection of the
graphs is (−1.0 , 1.0). 5. x2 − 3x − 4 = 0
∴ The solution is x = −1.0, y = 1.0. (x + 1)(x − 4) = 0
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection of the x = −1 or 4
graphs is (1.8 , −2.1).
∴ The solution is x = 1.8, y = −2.1. 6. x2 + 2x − 24 = 0
(x + 6)(x − 4) = 0
2 x = y + 1 ....................(1) x = −6 or 4
2. 
 y = 3x − 3 ....................(2)
Substitute (2) into (1). 7. x2 − 13x + 40 = 0
2x = 3x − 3 + 1 (x − 5)(x − 8) = 0
x=2 x = 5 or 8
y = 3(2) − 3
=3
∴ The solution is x = 2, y = 3.
© Oxford University Press 2015

Chapter 1: More about Equations 3
8. x2 + 3x − 10 = 0 Instant Drill 2 (P.1.8)
− 3  32 − 4(1)( −10)
x=
2(1)
−3  7
=
2
= 2 or −
9. 2x2 − 15x − 8 = 0
− (−15)  (−15) 2 − 4(2)( −8)
x=
2(2)
15  17
= (a) Add the graph of y = −4 to the given figure.
4
1 From the figure, the point of intersection is (1.0 , −4.0).
= 8 or −
2 ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
x = 1.0, y = −4.0.
10. 9x2 − 12x + 4 = 0 (b) Add the graph of y = −2x − 3 to the given figure.
− (−12)  (−12) − 4(9)( 4)
2
x −2 −1 1
x=
2(9) y 1 −1 −5
12  0 From the figure, the point of intersection is (0.0 , −3.0).
=
18
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
2
= (repeated) x = 0.0, y = −3.0.
3
Instant Drill 3 (P.1.9)

11. (a) From the figure, the x-intercepts are −1.0 and
3.0.
∴ The solutions are −1.0 and 3.0.
(b) From the figure, the x-intercepts are −1.3 and
2.3.
∴ The solutions are −1.3 and 2.3.

From the figure, the points of intersection are (−1.0 , 3.0)
and (1.0 , −1.0).
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = −1.0, y = 3.0 and x = 1.0, y = −1.0.

4 Solutions
(a) Add the graph of 3y + x = 9 to the given figure. Substitute x = −4 into (3).
x 0 3 4.5 y = 3 − 3(−4)
y 3 2 1.5 = 15
From the figure, the two graphs have no points of Substitute x = 2 into (3).
intersection. y = 3 − 3(2)
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real = −3
solutions. ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
(b) Add the graph of x + y − 2 = 0 to the given figure. x = −4, y = 15 and x = 2, y = −3.
x 0 2 5
y 2 0 −3 Instant Drill 6 (P.1.17)
From the figure, the points of intersection are (1.0 , 1.0) Rewrite the given equation as:
and (4.0 , −2.0). 

 x 2 − x( y + 4 x) − 3 = −4 ....................(1)

∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are 
2 y + 8 x = −4 .................................. (2)
x = 1.0, y = 1.0 and x = 4.0, y = −2.0. From (2), y + 4x = −2 ....................... (3)
Substitute (3) into (1).
Instant Drill 4 (P.1.16) x2 − x(−2) − 3 = −4

 x 2 − y + 1 = 0 ..................... (1) x2 + 2x + 1 = 0


 y = 3 − x ........................... (2) (x + 1)2 = 0
Substitute (2) into (1). x = −1 (repeated)
x2 − (3 − x) + 1 = 0 Substitute x = −1 into (3).

x2 + x − 2 = 0 y + 4(−1) = −2
(x + 2)(x − 1) = 0 y=2
x = −2 or 1 ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
Substitute x = −2 into (2). x = −1, y = 2.
y = 3 − (−2)
=5 Instant Drill 7 (P.1.17)
Substitute x = 1 into (2). 

6 x 2 − y  + 4 = 0 ..................(1)

y=3−1 
 y + 1 = 2 x ........................... (2)
=2 From (2), y = 2x − 1 ............. (3)
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are Substitute (3) into (1).
x = −2, y = 5 and x = 1, y = 2. 6x2 − (2x − 1)2 + 4 = 0
6x2 − (4x2 − 4x + 1) + 4 = 0
Instant Drill 5 (P.1.16) 6x2 − 4x2 + 4x − 1 + 4 = 0
3x + y = 3 ........................... (1)
 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0


 y + 5 = x − x ...................... (2)
2  = 42 − 4(2)(3)
From (1), y = 3 − 3x .............. (3) = −8

Substitute (3) into (2). <0
3 − 3x + 5 = x2 − x ∴ 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
x2 + 2x − 8 = 0 i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real solutions.
(x + 4)(x − 2) = 0
x = −4 or 2

Instant Drill 8 (P.1.19) Instant Drill 9 (P.1.19)


 y = x 2 − 3x + 2 ..................(1) 
 y = − x 2 + x + k ....................... (1)
(a)  

 y = 1 − x ........................... (2) 
 y = −3x + 1 .............................(2)
Substitute (2) into (1). Substitute (2) into (1).
1 − x = x2 − 3x + 2 −3x + 1 = −x2 + x + k
x2 − 2x + 1 = 0 x2 − 4x + 1 − k = 0 ................... (3)
 = (−2)2 − 4(1)(1) ∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real
=0 solution.
∴ The simultaneous equations have one real ∴  of (3) = 0
solution. (−4)2 − 4(1)(1 − k) = 0

 y = x 2 − 4 ..................... (1) 16 − 4 + 4k = 0
(b) 

2 x = y + 1 ...................... (2) 4k = −12
From (2), y = 2x − 1 ........ (3) k = −3
2x − 1 = x2 − 4 Instant Drill 10 (P.1.22)
x2 − 2x − 3 = 0  1
(8 + x) 1 −  = 5
 = (−2)2 − 4(1)(−3)  x
 1
= 16 (8 + x) 1 −  (x) = 5x
 x
>0
(8 + x)(x − 1) = 5x
∴ The simultaneous equations have two real
x2 + 7x − 8 = 5x
solutions.
x2 + 2x − 8 = 0

 y = − x 2 + x − 2 ...................... (1)
(c)  (x + 4)(x − 2) = 0

 y + 2 x = 3 .............................(2)
x = −4 or 2
From (2), y = 3 − 2x ................ (3)
3 − 2x = −x2 + x − 2
3 4
x2 − 3x + 5 = 0 − =1
x x +1
 = (−3)2 − 4(1)(5) 3( x + 1) − 4 x
=1
= −11 x( x + 1)
<0 3(x + 1) − 4x = x(x + 1)
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real 3x + 3 − 4x = x2 + x
solutions. x2 + 2x − 3 = 0
(x + 3)(x − 1) = 0
x = −3 or 1

6 Solutions

2x 3 1 Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
+ − =2
x − 25
2
x + 5 x −5
The original equation becomes
2x 3( x − 5) − ( x + 5)
+ =2 u2 − 5u + 4 = 0
x − 25
2 ( x + 5)( x − 5)
2x 2 x − 20 (u − 4)(u − 1) = 0
+ 2 =2
x − 25 x − 25
2 u = 4 or 1
4 x − 20 2
Since u = x ,
=2
x 2 − 25
x2 = 4 or 1
2 x − 10
=1 x = 2 or 1
x 2 − 25
2x − 10 = x2 − 25
x2 − 2x − 15 = 0 Instant Drill 15 (P.1.26)
(x + 3)(x − 5) = 0 Let y = x3. Then y2 = (x3)2 = x6.
x = −3 or 5 (rejected) The original equation becomes
y2 + 7y − 8 = 0
Instant Drill 13 (P.1.25) (y + 8)(y − 1) = 0
Length of y = −8 or 1
Length of
Number the wall 3
the wall Since y = x ,
of days completed
completed (m)
per day (m) x3 = −8 or 1
Worker A 80 x = −2 or 1
x 80
only x
Worker B 98
x+2 80 + 18 = 98
only x+2 Instant Drill 16 (P.1.27)
Workers A 120 Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x )2 = x.
4 120 = 30
and B 4
80 98
+ = 30 u2 + 3u − 4 = 0
x x+2
80( x + 2) + 98 x (u − 1)(u + 4) = 0
= 30
x( x + 2) u = 1 or −4
80(x + 2) + 98x = 30x(x + 2) Since u = x ,
80x + 160 + 98x = 30x2 + 60x x = 1 or −4 (rejected)
30x2 − 118x − 160 = 0 x=1
15x2 − 59x − 80 = 0 Alternative Method
(x − 5)(15x + 16) = 0 x +3 x − 4 = 0
x = 5 or −
16
(rejected) x − 4 = −3 x
15 (x − 4)2 = ( − 3 x )2
x2 − 8x + 16 = 9x
x2 − 17x + 16 = 0
(x − 1)(x − 16) = 0
x = 1 or 16 (rejected)


x − 3x − 6 = 2 250 000(2.25)0.2t − 300 000(1.5)0.2t = 550 000
x − 2 = 3x − 6 5(2.25)0.2t − 6(1.5)0.2t = 11 ..................... (1)
(x − 2)2 = ( 3x − 6 )2 Let u = 1.50.2t. Then u2 = [(1.5)0.2t]2 = (1.52)0.2t = (2.25)0.2t.
x2 − 4x + 4 = 3x − 6 Equation (1) becomes
x2 − 7x + 10 = 0 5u2 − 6u = 11
(x − 2)(x − 5) = 0 5u2 − 6u − 11 = 0
x = 2 or 5 (5u − 11)(u + 1) = 0
11
u = or −1
5
0.2t
Since u = 1.5 ,
Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = 22x.
11
The original equation becomes 1.50.2t = or −1 (rejected)
5
2u2 − 3u + 1 = 0 log 1.50.2t = log
11
(2u − 1)(u − 1) = 0 5
11
1 0.2t log 1.5 = log
u = or 1 5
2
11
Since u = 2x, log
t= 5
1 0.2 log1.5
2x = or 2x = 1
2 = 9.72, cor. to 2 d.p.
x = −1 or x = 0

Let u = log3 x. Then u2 = (log3 x)2.
x
Let u = 3 . The original equation becomes
8
u = +2 u2 + 3u + 2 = 0
u
2
u = 8 + 2u (u + 1)(u + 2) = 0
u2 − 2u − 8 = 0 u = −1 or −2
(u − 4)(u + 2) = 0 Since u = log3 x,
u = 4 or −2 log3 x = −1 or log3 x = −2
Since u = 3x, x = 3−1 or x = 3−2
3x = 4 or −2 (rejected) 1 1
x= or x=
3 9
log 3x = log 4
x log 3 = log 4
log 4
x=
log 3 log (x + 21) + log x = 2
= 1.26, cor. to 2 d.p. log [(x + 21)x] = log 100
∴ (x + 21)x = 100
x2 + 21x = 100
x2 + 21x − 100 = 0
(x − 4)(x + 25) = 0
x = 4 or −25 (rejected)

8 Solutions
Instant Drill 23 (P.1.31) (b) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .

log (x2 − 2) − log 5x + 1 = 0 The original equation becomes
x2 − 2 u2 + u = 0
log + log 10 = log 1
5x u(u + 1) = 0
 x 2 − 2  
log  (10) = log 1 u = 0 or −1

 5 x   When u = 0,
 x2 − 2  tan  = 0
∴  (10) = 1
 5x 
   = 0 or 180 or 360
2(x − 2) = x
2
When u = −1,
2x − x − 4 = 0
2
tan  = −1
− (−1)  (−1) − 4(2)( −4)
2  = 180 − 45 or 360 − 45
x=
2(2) = 135 or 315
1+ 33 1− 33
= or (rejected)
4 4 Instant Drill 25 (P.1.33)
= 1.69, cor. to 2 d.p.
2 cos2  + 3 sin  = 0
2(1 − sin2 ) + 3 sin  = 0
2 − 2 sin2  + 3 sin  = 0
(a) Let u = cos . Then u = cos .
2 2
2 sin2  − 3 sin  − 2 = 0
(2 sin  + 1)(sin  − 2) = 0
4u2 − 1 = 0
2 sin  + 1 = 0 or sin  − 2 = 0
1
u2 = 1
4 sin  = − or sin  = 2 (rejected)
2
1
u =  = 180 + 30 or 360 − 30
2
1 = 210 or 330
When u = ,
2
1
cos  = Instant Drill 26 (P.1.33)
2
 = 60 or 360 − 60 sin  tan  = 1
 sin 
= 60 or 300 sin   =1
1  cos  
When u = − , sin2  = cos 
2
cos  = −
1 1 − cos2  = cos 
2 cos2  + cos  − 1 = 0
 = 180 − 60 or 180 + 60
− 1  12 − 4(1)( −1)
= 120 or 240 ∴ cos  =
2(1)
− 1+ 5 − 1− 5
= or (rejected)
2 2
 = 51.827 or 360 − 51.827
= 51.8 or 308.2, cor. to the nearest 0.1

Instant Drill 27 (P.1.34) 3. Add the graph of y = x − 2 to the given figure.

From the question, h = 3. x 0 2 4
3 = 16 tan  − 5(1 + tan )
2
y −2  2
3 = 16 tan  − 5 − 5 tan 
2
5 tan  − 16 tan  + 8 = 0
2
− (−16)  (−16) 2 − 4(5)(8)

∴ tan  =
2(5)
16  96
=
10
8−2 6 8+ 2 6
= or
5 5
 = 31.8 or 68.8, cor. to 1 d.p.
From the figure, the points of intersection are
∴ The minimum value of  is 31.8.
(0.6 , −1.4) and (3.4 , 1.4).
Instant Drill Corner 1.1 (P.1.10)
x = 0.6, y = −1.4 and x = 3.4, y = 1.4.
1. From the figure, the points of intersection are
(−1.0 , 4.0) and (2.0 , 1.0).
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are Instant Drill Corner 1.2 (P.1.19)

 y = x 2 − 4 x + 7 ................ (1)
x = −1.0, y = 4.0 and x = 2.0, y = 1.0. 1. (a) 

 y = x + 1 ......................... (2)
2. Add the graph of y = 2x + 1 to the given figure. Substitute (2) into (1).
x −0.5 0 1.5 x + 1 = x2 − 4x + 7
x2 − 5x + 6 = 0
y 0 1 4
(x − 2)(x − 3) = 0
x = 2 or 3
y=2+1
=3
y=3+1
=4
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
From the figure, the point of intersection is (1.0 , 3.0).
are x = 2, y = 3 and x = 3, y = 4.
x = 1.0, y = 3.0.

10 Solutions

 y = x 2 + 2 x + 5 ............... (1) Substitute x = −3 into (3).
(b) 

2 x + y = 2 ...................... (2) y = −3 + 3
From (2), y = 2 − 2x ......... (3) =0
Substitute (3) into (1). Substitute x = 1 into (3).
2 − 2x = x2 + 2x + 5 y=1+3
x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 =4
(x + 3)(x + 1) = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
x = −3 or −1 are x = −3, y = 0 and x = 1, y = 4.
Substitute x = −3 into (3).
y = 2 − 2(−3) 
 y = x 2 + x ...................... (1)
2. (a) 
=8 
 y = 1 − 2 x ....................... (2)
Substitute x = −1 into (3). Substitute (2) into (1).
y = 2 − 2(−1) 1 − 2x = x2 + x
=4 x2 + 3x − 1 = 0
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations  = 32 − 4(1)(−1)
are x = −3, y = 8 and x = −1, y = 4. = 13
(c) Rewrite the given equation as: >0

 x − 2 x( x − 3 y) + 7 = 3 ............ (1)
2 ∴ The simultaneous equations have two real


1 − x + 3 y = 3 .......................... (2) solutions.
From (2), x − 3y = −2 ............... (3) 
 y = 2 x 2 + 3 ...................... (1)
(b) 
Substitute (3) into (1). 
 y = x + 2 .......................... (2)
x2 − 2x(−2) + 7 = 3 Substitute (2) into (1).
2
x + 4x + 4 = 0 x + 2 = 2x2 + 3
(x + 2)2 = 0 2x2 − x + 1 = 0
x = −2 (repeated)  = (−1)2 − 4(2)(1)
Substitute x = −2 into (3). = −7
−2 − 3y = −2 <0
−3y = 0 ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
y=0 solutions.
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations 
 y + x 2 − 2 x = 1 ....................... (1)
(c) 
is x = −2, y = 0. 
 y = −2 x + 5 ........................... (2)

 y 2 + 2 x 2 = 18 ...................... (1) Substitute (2) into (1).
(d) 

 x − y + 3 = 0 ........................ (2) −2x + 5 + x2 − 2x = 1
From (2), y = x + 3 ................ (3) x2 − 4x + 4 = 0
Substitute (3) into (1).  = (−4)2 − 4(1)(4)
(x + 3)2 + 2x2 = 18 =0
2
x + 6x + 9 + 2x = 18 2 ∴ The simultaneous equations have one real
3x + 6x − 9 = 0
2 solution.
x2 + 2x − 3 = 0
(x + 3)(x − 1) = 0
x = −3 or 1


 y = x 2 − 5 x + 1 ....................... (1) 4. Let u = 5x. Then u2 = (5x)2 = 52x.
3. 

 y = x − k ............................... (2) The original equation becomes
Substitute (2) into (1). u2 − 4u − 5 = 0
x − k = x2 − 5x + 1 (u − 5)(u + 1) = 0
x2 − 6x + 1 + k = 0 ................. (3) u = 5 or −1
∵ The simultaneous equations have two real Since u = 5x,
solutions. 5x = 5 or −1 (rejected)
∴  of (3) > 0 x=1
(−6)2 − 4(1)(1 + k) > 0
36 − 4 − 4k > 0 5. log (x + 3) + log x = 1
−4k > −32 log [(x + 3)x] = log 10
k<8 ∴ (x + 3)x = 10
x + 3x − 10 = 0
2
Instant Drill Corner 1.3 (P.1.34) (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0
1.
2
+
1
= −1 x = 2 or −5 (rejected)
x −1 x +1
2( x + 1) + ( x − 1)
= −1 6. log3 (x − 6) = 2 log3 4 − log3 x
( x − 1)( x + 1)
2(x + 1) + (x − 1) = −(x − 1)(x + 1) log3 (x − 6) + log3 x = log3 42
2x + 2 + x − 1 = −x2 + 1 log3 [(x − 6)x] = log3 16
x2 + 3x = 0 ∴ (x − 6)x = 16
x(x + 3) = 0 x2 − 6x = 16
x = 0 or −3 x2 − 6x − 16 = 0
(x − 8)(x + 2) = 0
2. Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. x = 8 or −2 (rejected)

u2 + 8u − 9 = 0 7. 2 sin2  + 3 sin  = 0
(u − 1)(u + 9) = 0 sin  (2 sin  + 3 ) = 0
u = 1 or −9 3
sin  = 0 or sin  = −
2
Since u = x2,
When sin  = 0,
x2 = 1 or −9 (rejected)
 = 0 or 180 or 360
x = 1
3
When sin  = − ,
2
3. Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x )2 = x.  = 180 + 60 or 360 − 60
The original equation becomes = 240 or 300
u − u − 12 = 0
2
(u − 4)(u + 3) = 0
u = 4 or −3
Since u = x ,
x = 16

12 Solutions
Exercise 1A (P.1.11) 5. Add the graph of y = 2 to the given figure.

1. (a) From the figure, the points of intersection are
(−3.0 , 5.0) and (2.0 , 5.0).
are x = −3.0, y = 5.0 and x = 2.0, y = 5.0.
(b) From the figure, the points of intersection are
(0.0 , 2.0) and (4.0 , 18.0).
are x = 0.0, y = 2.0 and x = 4.0, y = 18.0.
2. (a) From the figure, the point of intersection is

(−2.0 , 4.0).
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations From the figure, the point of intersection is (0.0 , 2.0).
is x = −2.0, y = 4.0. ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection is x = 0.0, y = 2.0.
(3.0 , −6.0).
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations 6. Add the graph of y = 2x + 3 to the given figure.
is x = 3.0, y = −6.0. x −2 −1 −0.5
y −1 1 2
3. (a) From the figure, the two graphs have no points
of intersection.
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
solutions.
(b) From the figure, the two graphs have no points
of intersection.
solutions.
4. (a) From the figure, the two graphs have no points

of intersection.
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real From the figure, the point of intersection is (−1.0 , 1.0).
solutions. ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
(b) From the figure, the points of intersection are x = −1.0, y = 1.0.
(−2.7 , −8.4) and (1.7 , 0.4).
are x = −2.7, y = −8.4 and x = 1.7, y = 0.4.
(c) From the figure, the point of intersection is
(1.0 , 4.0).
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations
is x = 1.0, y = 4.0.

7. Add the graph of y = −x + 1 to the given figure. 9. Add the graph of y = 2x − 9 to the given figure.
x −1 0 2 x 0 1 2
y 2 1 −1 y −9 −7 −5
From the figure, the two graphs have no points of

From the figure, the points of intersection are intersection.
(−0.6 , 1.6) and (1.6 , −0.6). ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are solutions.
x = −0.6, y = 1.6 and x = 1.6, y = −0.6.
10. Add the graph of y = −4x − 17 to the given figure.
8. Add the graph of y = −x − 5 to the given figure. x −4 −3 −2
x −4 0 1 y −1 −5 −9
y −1 −5 −6
From the figure, the point of intersection is

From the figure, the points of intersection are (−3.0 , −5.0).
(−3.8 , −1.2) and (0.8 , −5.8). ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are x = −3.0, y = −5.0.
x = −3.8, y = −1.2 and x = 0.8, y = −5.8.

14 Solutions
11. (a) y = (x − 1)(4 − x)

= 4x − 4 − x2 + x
= −x2 + 5x − 4
Add the graph of x + y = 1 to the given figure.
x 0 2 3
y 1 −1 −2
(1.0 , 0.0) and (5.0 , −4.0).
(a) Add the graph of y − 2x = −6 to the given figure. are x = 1.0, y = 0.0 and x = 5.0, y = −4.0.
x 1 2 4 (b) y = (x − 4)(1 − x)
y −4 −2 2 = x − 4 − x2 + 4x
From the figure, the points of intersection are = −x2 + 5x − 4
(1.5 , −3.0) and (3.0 , 0.0). Add the graph of 2x − 4y = 3 to the given figure.
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations x 1.5 3.5 5.5
are x = 1.5, y = −3.0 and x = 3.0, y = 0.0. y 0 1 2
(b) Add the graph of 2x + y = 3 to the given figure. From the figure, the points of intersection are
x 0 1 3 (0.9 , −0.3) and (3.6 , 1.0).
y 3 1 −3 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
From the figure, the points of intersection are are x = 0.9, y = −0.3 and x = 3.6, y = 1.0.
(0.0 , 3.0) and (2.5 , −2.0).
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations 13. y = x2 − 3x
are x = 0.0, y = 3.0 and x = 2.5, y = −2.0. x −1 0 1 2 3 4
y 4 0 −2 −2 0 4
y=x−3
12.
x  2 4
y − −1 1


(1.0 , −2.0) and (3.0 , 0.0).
x = 1.0, y = −2.0 and x = 3.0, y = 0.0.
14. y = −x2 + x − 2
x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
y −8 −4 −2 −2 −4 −8
y = 4 − 3x
x 1 2 3
y 1 −2 −5

(0.7 , 6.3) and (4.3 , 2.7).
x = 0.7, y = 6.3 and x = 4.3, y = 2.7.
16. y = x2 + 3x + 1
x −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
y 5 1 −1 −1 1 5
y − 2x = −1
x 0 0.5 1
y −1 0 1
intersection.
solutions.
15. y = −x2 + 4x + 4
x −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y −1 4 7 8 7 4 −1
x+y=7
x 0 3 5
y 7 4 2
intersection.
solutions.

16 Solutions
17. y = −x2 + 6x − 4
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y −4 1 4 5 4 1 −4
2x + 2y = 5
x 0 2.5 5
y 2.5 0 −2.5

(−1.5 , −3.0).
x = −1.5, y = −3.0.
19. (a) Add the graph of y − x = 1 to the given figure.

x − 0 1
y −2 1 2

(1.1 , 1.4) and (5.9 , −3.4).
x = 1.1, y = 1.4 and x = 5.9, y = −3.4.
18. y = 4x2 + 8x
x −2 −1.5 −1 −0.5 0
y 0 −3 −4 −3 0
4x + y + 9 = 0
x −2.5 −2 −1.5
y 1 − −

(−2.2 , −1.2).
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations
is x = −2.2, y = −1.2.

(b) For −  x  3, Substitute x = −1 into (2).

y = x2 + x − 4 y = −1 + 2
x − −3 − − 0 1 2 3 =1
y 8 2 − − − − 2 8 Substitute x = 2 into (2).
y−x=1 y=2+2
x − 0 3 =4
y − 1 4 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = −1, y = 1 and x = 2, y = 4.

 y = x 2 + x ..................(1)
2. 

 y = − x ....................... (2)
−x = x2 + x
x2 + 2x = 0
x(x + 2) = 0
x = 0 or −2
y=0
y = −(−2)
=2
x = 0, y = 0 and x = −2, y = 2.

 y = x 2 − 2 x − 3 ................ (1)
3. 

 y = x + 1 ......................... (2)
From the figure, there are two points of Substitute (2) into (1).
intersection. x + 1 = x2 − 2x − 3
∴ The simultaneous equations have two real x2 − 3x − 4 = 0
solutions. (x + 1)(x − 4) = 0
∴ The claim is disagreed. x = −1 or 4
Exercise 1B (P.1.20) y = −1 + 1

 y = x 2 ........................ (1) =0
1. 

 y = x + 2 ..................... (2) Substitute x = 4 into (2).
Substitute (2) into (1). y=4+1
x+2=x 2 =5
x2 − x − 2 = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
(x + 1)(x − 2) = 0 x = −1, y = 0 and x = 4, y = 5.
x = −1 or 2

18 Solutions

 y = x 2 + x − 5 ..................(1) 
 x 2 − 4 x − y = 0 ...................(1)
4.  6. 

 y = 2 x + 1 ....................... (2) 
 y = 6 − 3x .......................... (2)
2x + 1 = x + x − 5
2
x2 − 4x − (6 − 3x) = 0
x2 − x − 6 = 0 x2 − x − 6 = 0
(x + 2)(x − 3) = 0 (x + 2)(x − 3) = 0
x = −2 or 3 x = −2 or 3
Substitute x = −2 into (2). Substitute x = −2 into (2).
y = 2(−2) + 1 y = 6 − 3(−2)
= −3 = 12
Substitute x = 3 into (2). Substitute x = 3 into (2).
y = 2(3) + 1 y = 6 − 3(3)
=7 = −3
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = −2, y = −3 and x = 3, y = 7. x = −2, y = 12 and x = 3, y = −3.

 y = − x 2 + 2 x + 3 ................. (1) 
 y = x 2 + 6 x + 4 ....................(1)
5.  7. 

 y = 4 x − 5 .......................... (2) 
2 x − y + 9 = 0 ...................... (2)
Substitute (2) into (1). From (2), y = 2x + 9 .............. (3)
4x − 5 = −x2 + 2x + 3 Substitute (3) into (1).
x + 2x − 8 = 0
2 2x + 9 = x2 + 6x + 4
(x + 4)(x − 2) = 0 x2 + 4x − 5 = 0
x = −4 or 2 (x + 5)(x − 1) = 0
Substitute x = −4 into (2). x = −5 or 1
y = 4(−4) − 5 Substitute x = −5 into (3).
= −21 y = 2(−5) + 9
Substitute x = 2 into (2). = −1
y = 4(2) − 5 Substitute x = 1 into (3).
=3 y = 2(1) + 9
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are = 11
x = −4, y = −21 and x = 2, y = 3. ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = −5, y = −1 and x = 1, y = 11.


 x 2 − y = 0 ...................... (1) Substitute x = −3 into (2).
8. 

 y − 2 x = 8 ...................... (2) y = −3 − (−3)
From (2), y = 8 + 2x ….…. (3) =0
Substitute (3) into (1). ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
x2 − (8 + 2x) = 0 x = −3, y = 0.
x2 − 2x − 8 = 0
(x + 2)(x − 4) = 0 
3x + y − x 2 = 0 ......................... (1)
11. 
x = −2 or 4 
2 x + y + 4 = 0 ........................... (2)
Substitute x = −2 into (3). From (2), y = −4 − 2x ................. (3)
y = 8 + 2(−2) Substitute (3) into (1).
=4 3x + (−4 − 2x) − x2 = 0
Substitute x = 4 into (3). x2 − x + 4 = 0
y = 8 + 2(4)  = (−1)2 − 4(1)(4)
= 16 = −15
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are <0
x = −2, y = 4 and x = 4, y = 16. ∴ x2 − x + 4 = 0 has no real roots.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real

 x + y = x + 1 ...................... (1)
2 solutions.
9. 

 x + y = 2 .............................(2)
From (2), y = 2 − x ................ (3) 
 x 2 − x = y + 1 ........................... (1)
12. 
Substitute (3) into (1). 
5 x − y − 6 = 0 ........................... (2)
x2 + (2 − x) = x + 1 From (2), y = 5x − 6 ................... (3)
x − 2x + 1 = 0
2 Substitute (3) into (1).
(x − 1)2 = 0 x2 − x = 5x − 6 + 1
x = 1 (repeated) x2 − 6x + 5 = 0
Substitute x = 1 into (3). (x − 1)(x − 5) = 0
y=2−1 x = 1 or 5
=1 Substitute x = 1 into (3).
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is y = 5(1) − 6
x = 1, y = 1. = −1

 y − 6 = x 2 + 5 x ....................... (1) y = 5(5) − 6
10. 

 x + y + 3 = 0 ........................... (2) = 19
From (2), y = −3 − x ................. (3) ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
Substitute (3) into (1). x = 1, y = −1 and x = 5, y = 19.
−3 − x − 6 = x2 + 5x
x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
(x + 3)2 = 0
x = −3 (repeated)

20 Solutions
13. Rewrite the given equation as: 15. Rewrite the given equation as:

 y = x 2 − 7 ...................... (1)  y − 2 = 3 − x ....................... (1)

 

 y = 6 x ........................... (2) 
 y − 2 = 15 − x ....................(2)
2

6x = x2 − 7 3 − x = 15 − x2
x2 − 6x − 7 = 0 x2 − x − 12 = 0
(x + 1)(x − 7) = 0 (x + 3)(x − 4) = 0
x = −1 or 7 x = −3 or 4
Substitute x = −1 into (2). Substitute x = −3 into (1).
y = 6(−1) y − 2 = 3 − (−3)
= −6 y=8
y = 6(7) y − 2= 3 − 4
= 42 y=1
x = −1, y = −6 and x = 7, y = 42. x = −3, y = 8 and x = 4, y = 1.
14. Rewrite the given equation as: 

 y = x 2 + 1 ........................ (1)
16. 
 x + 1 = y ........................... (1)
 
 y = −2 x .......................... (2)
 2

 x − x − 2 = y ....................(2) Substitute (2) into (1).
Substitute (1) into (2). −2x = x2 + 1
x2 − x − 2 = x + 1 x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
x2 − 2x − 3 = 0  = 22 − 4(1)(1)
(x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 =0
x = −1 or 3 ∴ The simultaneous equations have one real
Substitute x = −1 into (1). solution.
y = −1 + 1
=0 
 y = 3x 2 + x ........................ (1)
17. 
Substitute x = 3 into (1). 
 y = 2 x − 1 .......................... (2)
y=3+1 Substitute (2) into (1).
=4 2x − 1 = 3x2 + x
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are 3x2 − x + 1 = 0
x = −1, y = 0 and x = 3, y = 4.  = (−1)2 − 4(3)(1)
= −11
<0
solutions.


 y = 2 x 2 − 3x + 1 ..................... (1) Substitute x = −3 into (3).
18. 

 y = 5 x − 6 .............................(2) y = 20 − (−3)
Substitute (2) into (1). = 23
5x − 6 = 2x − 3x + 1
2 Substitute x = 6 into (3).
2x2 − 8x + 7 = 0 y = 20 − 6
 = (−8)2 − 4(2)(7) = 14
=8 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
>0 x = −3, y = 23 and x = 6, y = 14.
∴ The simultaneous equations have two real
solutions. 
3x + y = x 2 ......................... (1)
21. 

2 y = x − 10 ......................... (2)

 y − 2 x 2 = 0 ........................... (1) From (1), y = x2 − 3x ............ (3)
19. 

3x + y = 2 .............................(2) Substitute (3) into (2).
From (2), y = 2 − 3x ................ (3) 2(x2 − 3x) = x − 10
Substitute (3) into (1). 2x2 − 6x = x − 10
2 − 3x − 2x2 = 0 2x2 − 7x + 10 = 0
2x2 + 3x − 2 = 0  = (−7)2 − 4(2)(10)
(x + 2)(2x − 1) = 0 = −31
1 <0
x = −2 or
2 ∴ 2x2 − 7x + 10 = 0 has no real roots.
y = 2 − (−2)
solutions.
=8
1
Substitute x = into (3). 22. Rewrite the given equation as:
2
1
y = 2 − 3   x + y = 12 x + 20 .......................... (1)


2 
 x + y = x + 7 x − 30 ..................... (2)
2
1
= Substitute (1) into (2).
2
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are 12x + 20 = x2 + 7x − 30
1 1
x = −2, y = 8 and x = , y = . x2 − 5x − 50 = 0
2 2 (x + 5)(x − 10) = 0
x = −5 or 10

4 x + y − 2 = x 2 ......................... (1)
20.  Substitute x = −5 into (1).

 x + y − 20 = 0 ........................... (2) −5 + y = 12(−5) + 20
From (2), y = 20 − x ................... (3) y = −35
Substitute (3) into (1). Substitute x = 10 into (1).
4x + 20 − x − 2 = x 2
10 + y = 12(10) + 20
x2 − 3x − 18 = 0 y = 130
(x + 3)(x − 6) = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = −3 or 6 x = −5, y = −35 and x = 10, y = 130.

22 Solutions
23. Rewrite the given equation as: 25. Rewrite the given equation as:
2 y − 4 x = 8 ................................. (1) 
 x(3x − 2 y) − 5 x 2 = 12 ................ (1)
 
 y − 2 x − x( x + 4) = 8 ..................... (2) 
6 x − 4 y + 2 = 12 ........................ (2)
From (1), y − 2x = 4 ...................... (3) From (2), 6x − 4y = 10
Substitute (3) into (2). 3x − 2y = 5 ................. (3)
4 − x(x + 4) = 8 Substitute (3) into (1).
4 − x2 − 4x = 8 x(5) − 5x2 = 12
2
x + 4x + 4 = 0 5x2 − 5x + 12 = 0
(x + 2)2 = 0  = (−5)2 − 4(5)(12)
x = −2 (repeated) = −215
Substitute x = −2 into (3). <0
y − 2(−2) = 4 ∴ 5x2 − 5x + 12 = 0 has no real roots.
y=0 i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is solutions.
x = −2, y = 0.
26. Rewrite the given equation as:

 x 2 + y 2 = 4 ......................... (1)
 
2 x + y + 1 = x(2 x + y) + x ..........(1)
2

 x − y + 2 = 4 ........................ (2)


2 x + y + 1 = −5 ........................... (2) From (2), y = x − 2 ................ (3)
From (2), 2x + y = −6 .................. (3) Substitute (3) into (1).
Substitute (3) into (1). x2 + (x − 2)2 = 4
−6 + 1 = x(−6) + x 2
x2 + x2 − 4x + 4 = 4
x − 6x + 5 = 0
2
2x2 − 4x = 0
(x − 1)(x − 5) = 0 2x(x − 2) = 0
x = 1 or 5 x =  or 2
Substitute x = 1 into (3). Substitute x =  into (3).
2(1) + y = −6 y=0−2
y = −8 = −2
2(5) + y = −6 y=2−2
y = −16 =0
x = 1, y = −8 and x = 5, y = −16. x = 0, y = −2 and x = 2, y = 0.


 x 2 + xy + 4 y 2 = 4 ................... (1)
29. 

 x 2 − y 2 = 7 ......................... (1) 
 x − y − 2 = 0 ........................... (2)


3x + y = 7 ........................... (2) From (2), y = x − 2 ................... (3)
From (2), y = 7 − 3x .............. (3) Substitute (3) into (1).
Substitute (3) into (1). x2 + x(x − 2) + 4(x − 2)2 = 4
x2 − (7 − 3x)2 = 7 x2 + x2 − 2x + 4(x2 − 4x + 4) = 4
x2 − (49 − 42x + 9x2) = 7 6x2 − 18x + 12 = 0
8x2 − 42x + 56 = 0 x2 − 3x + 2 = 0
4x2 − 21x + 28 = 0 (x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
 = (−21) − 4(4)(28)
2 x = 1 or 2
= −7 Substitute x =  into (3).
<0 y=1−2
∴ 4x2 − 21x + 28 = 0 has no real roots. = −1
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real Substitute x = 2 into (3).
solutions. y=2−2
=0

 x 2 − 2 y 2 = 1 ......................... (1) ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
28. 

3x + 4 y = 1 ........................... (2) x = 1, y = −1 and x = 2, y = 0.
From (2), 4y = 1 − 3x
1 − 3x
y= ............. (3) 
 x 2 + y 2 = c 2 .................... (1)
4 30. 

 x + y = c .......................... (2)
2 From (2), y = c − x ............. (3)
 1 − 3x 
x2 − 2  =1 Substitute (3) into (1).
 4 
1 − 6x + 9x 2 x2 + (c − x)2 = c2
x2 − =1
8 x2 + c2 − 2cx + x2 = c2
8x2 − 1 + 6x − 9x2 = 8 2x2 − 2cx = 0
x2 − 6x + 9 = 0 2x(x − c) = 0
(x − 3)2 = 0 x = 0 or c
x = 3 (repeated) Substitute x = 0 into (3).
Substitute x = 3 into (3). y=c−0
1− 3(3) =c
y=
4 Substitute x = c into (3).
= −2
y=c−c
=0
x = 3, y = −2.
x = 0, y = c and x = c, y = 0.

24 Solutions

q = p 2 − 4 ............................... (1) 
 y = x 2 + x − 2 .............................(1)
31.  33. 

5 p + 2q + 11 = 0 ....................... (2) 
 y + x − 2k = 0 .............................(2)
Substitute (1) into (2). From (2), y = 2k − x ..................... (3)
5p + 2(p − 4) + 11 = 0
2p2 + 5p + 3 = 0 2k − x = x2 + x − 2
(2p + 3)(p + 1) = 0 x2 + 2x − 2 − 2k = 0 .................... (4)
3 ∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real
p =− or −1
2
solution.
3
Substitute p = − into (1). ∴  of (4) = 0
2
 3
2
22 − 4(1)(−2 − 2k) = 0
q = −  − 4
 2 4 + 8 + 8k = 0
7 8k = −12
=−
4 3
Substitute p = −1 into (1). k =−
2
q = (−1)2 − 4
= −3 
 y = x 2 − k ............................(1)
3 7 34. 
∴ p = − , q = − or p = −1, q = −3. 
 y = kx − 3 .............................(2)
2 4
kx − 3 = x2 − k
2a + b = 5 ................................ (1)
32.  x2 − kx + 3 − k = 0 ................. (3)
(a + 1)(b − 3) = 0 ....................... (2)
∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real
From (1), b = 5 − 2a .................. (3)
solution.
∴  of (3) = 0
(a + 1)(5 − 2a − 3) = 0
(−k) − 4(1)(3 − k) = 0
2
(a + 1)(2 − 2a) = 0
k2 + 4k − 12 = 0
a = −1 or 1
(k + 6)(k − 2) = 0
Substitute a = −1 into (3).
k = −6 or 2
b = 5 − 2(−1)
=7

 y = x 2 − 7 ..............................(1)
Substitute a = 1 into (3). 35. 

 y + 2 x − k = 0 ......................... (2)
b = 5 − 2(1)
From (2), y = k − 2x .................. (3)
=3
∴ The common solutions of the equations are
k − 2x = x2 − 7
a = −1, b = 7 and a = 1, b = 3.
x2 + 2x − 7 − k = 0 .................... (4)
∵ The simultaneous equations have two real
solutions.
∴  of (4) > 0
2 − 4(1)(−7 − k) > 0
2
4 + 28 + 4k > 0
4k > −32
k > −8


 y = − x 2 + 4 x − k ...................(1) (b)
x 6
+ =4
36.  2 x

 y = 8 x − 2 ............................(2)
x 2 + 12
Substitute (2) into (1). =4
2x
8x − 2 = −x2 + 4x − k x2 + 12 = 8x
x2 + 4x + k − 2 = 0 ................. (3) x2 − 8x + 12 = 0
∵ The simultaneous equations have real solution(s).
(x − 6)(x − 2) = 0
∴  of (3)  0 x = 6 or 2
42 − 4(1)(k − 2)  0
16 − 4k + 8  0 8
2. (a) x− =1
−4k  −24 x −3
x( x − 3) − 8
k6 =1
x −3
x(x − 3) − 8 = x − 3

 y = 2 x 2 + 5 x + 2k ....................(1)
37. (a)  x2 − 3x − 8 = x − 3

 y = k − x ................................ (2) x2 − 4x − 5 = 0
Substitute (2) into (1). (x − 5)(x + 1) = 0
k − x = 2x + 5x + 2k
2
x = 5 or −1
2
2x + 6x + k = 0 ....................... (3) 6
(b) = 5 − 2x
∵ The simultaneous equations have no real x +1
solutions. 6 = (5 − 2x)(x + 1)
∴  of (3) < 0 6 = −2x2 + 3x + 5
62 − 4(2)(k) < 0 2x2 − 3x + 1 = 0
36 − 8k < 0 (2x − 1)(x − 1) = 0

1
−8k < −36 x = or 1
2
9
k
2
2 
(b) ∵ The simultaneous equations have real 3. (a)  + 1 (x + 6) = 1
x 
solution(s). 2 
x +1 (x + 6) = x
∴  of (3)  0 x 
9 (2 + x)(x + 6) = x
By (a), k  .
2 x2 + 8x + 12 = x
∴ The required value of k is 4.
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
(or other reasonable answers)
(x + 4)(x + 3) = 0
x = −4 or −3
Exercise 1C (P.1.35)
2
1. (a) 2x − 3 =
x
2x − 3x = 2
2
2x2 − 3x − 2 = 0
(2x + 1)(x − 2) = 0
1
x =− or 2
2

26 Solutions
3  (b) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.

(b)  − 2  (x + 1) = −4
 x  The original equation becomes
3 
x − 2  (x + 1) = −4x u2 + 6u − 7 = 0
x 
(u − 1)(u + 7) = 0
(3 − 2x)(x + 1) = −4x
u = 1 or −7
−2x2 + x + 3 = −4x
Since u = x2,
2x2 − 5x − 3 = 0
(2x + 1)(x − 3) = 0
1 x = 1
x =− or 3
2
6. (a) x5 + 4x3 − 5x = 0
4. (a)
1
+
3
=2 x(x4 + 4x2 − 5) = 0
x x+2 x = 0 or x4 + 4x2 − 5 = 0
x + 2 + 3x
=2 Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
x( x + 2)
x + 2 + 3x = 2x(x + 2) The equation x4 + 4x2 − 5 = 0 becomes
4x + 2 = 2x2 + 4x u2 + 4u − 5 = 0
2x2 − 2 = 0 (u − 1)(u + 5) = 0
x2 − 1 = 0 u = 1 or −5
(x + 1)(x − 1) = 0 Since u = x2,
x = −1 or 1 x2 = 1 or −5 (rejected)
4 9 x = 1
(b) + =1
1− x x ∴ x = −1 or 0 or 1
4 x + 9(1 − x)
=1 (b) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2.
x(1 − x)
4x + 9(1 − x) = x(1 − x)
u2 − 2u + 1 = 0
4x + 9 − 9x = x − x2
(u − 1)2 = 0
x2 − 6x + 9 = 0
u = 1 (repeated)
(x − 3)2 = 0
Since u = x3,
x = 3 (repeated)
x3 = 1
x=1
5. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
7. (a) Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x )2 = x.
u2 − 2u − 8 = 0
(u − 4)(u + 2) = 0
u2 + 3u − 10 = 0
u = 4 or −2
(u − 2)(u + 5) = 0
Since u = x2,
u = 2 or −5
Since u = x ,
x = 2
x=4

(b) Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x )2 = x. 10. (a) Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = 32x.
The original equation becomes The original equation becomes
u2 − 8u + 16 = 0 u2 − 7u − 18 = 0
(u − 4)2 = 0 (u − 9)(u + 2) = 0
u = 4 (repeated) u = 9 or −2
Since u = x , Since u = 3x,
x =4 3x = 9 or 3x = −2 (rejected)
x = 16 x=2
(b) 4 − 4x + 1 + 4 = 0
2x
8. (a) x2 − 3 = 1 42x − 4  4x + 4 = 0
Let u = 4x. Then u2 = (4x)2 = 42x.
( x 2 − 3 ) 2 = 12
x2 − 3 = 1
x2 − 4 = 0 u2 − 4u + 4 = 0
(u − 2)2 = 0
(x + 2)(x − 2) = 0
u = 2 (repeated)
x = −2 or 2
Since u = 4x,
(b) 5 − 2x + x2 = 2
4x = 2
( 5 − 2x + x ) = 2 2 2 2
1
x=
5 − 2x + x2 = 4 2
x2 − 2x + 1 = 0
(x − 1)2 = 0 11. (a) Let u = log x. Then u2 = (log x)2.
x=1 The original equation becomes
u2 − 3u + 2 = 0
x
9. (a) Let u = 2 . Then u = (2 ) . 2 x 2
(u − 1)(u − 2) = 0
The original equation becomes u = 1 or 2
u − 5u + 4 = 0
2
Since u = log x,
(u − 1)(u − 4) = 0 log x = 1 or log x = 2
u = 1 or 4 x = 10 or x = 100
x
Since u = 2 , (b) Let u = log x. Then u2 = (log x)2.
2x = 1 or 2x = 4 The original equation becomes
x = 0 or x = 2 u2 + 6u + 9 = 0
(b) Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = 22x. (u + 3)2 = 0
The original equation becomes u = −3 (repeated)
u + 6u − 16 = 0
2
Since u = log x,
(u − 2)(u + 8) = 0 log x = −3
u = 2 or −8 x=
1
Since u = 2x, 1 000
2x = 2 or 2x = −8 (rejected)
x=1

28 Solutions
(c) Let u = log2 x. Then u2 = (log2 x)2. (d) log2 (x + 1) + log2 (x − 1) = 3

The original equation becomes log2 [(x + 1)(x − 1)] = log2 23
u2 + u − 2 = 0 ∴ (x + 1)(x − 1) = 23
(u + 2)(u − 1) = 0 x2 − 1 = 8
u = −2 or 1 x2 − 9 = 0
Since u = log2 x, (x + 3)(x − 3) = 0
log2 x = −2 or log2 x = 1 x = −3 (rejected) or 3
−2 1
x = 2 or x=2
x=
1
or x=2 13. (a) Let u = sin . Then u2 = sin2 .
4
(d) Let u = log3 x. Then u2 = (log3 x)2.
2u2 − 1 = 0
The original equation becomes 1
u2 =
u2 − 4u + 4 = 0 2
(u − 2)2 = 0 1
u =
2
u = 2 (repeated)
1
Since u = log3 x, When u = ,
2
log3 x = 2 1
sin  =
x=3 2 2
=9  = 45 or 180 − 45
= 45 or 135
1
12. (a) log x + log (x − 3) = log 4 When u = − ,
2
log [x(x − 3)] = log 4
1
sin  = −
∴ x(x − 3) = 4 2
x2 − 3x − 4 = 0  = 180 + 45 or 360 − 45
(x − 4)(x + 1) = 0 = 225 or 315
x = 4 or −1 (rejected) (b) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .
(b) log (x − 4) + log (x + 4) = log 9 The original equation becomes
log [(x − 4)(x + 4)] = log 9 3u2 − 1 = 0
∴ (x − 4)(x + 4) = 9 1
u2 =
x2 − 16 = 9 3
1
x2 − 25 = 0 u=
3
(x + 5)(x − 5) = 0 1
When u = ,
x = −5 (rejected) or 5 3
(c) log (x + 3) + log (x + 12) = 1 1
tan  =
log [(x + 3)(x + 12)] = log 10 3
∴ (x + 3)(x + 12) = 10  = 30 or 180 + 30
x2 + 15x + 36 = 10 = 30 or 210
x2 + 15x + 26 = 0
(x + 2)(x + 13) = 0
x = −2 or −13 (rejected)

When u = −
1
, 15. (a) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .
3 The original equation becomes
1
tan  = − u2 + 2u + 1 = 0
3
(u + 1)2 = 0
 = 180 − 30 or 360 − 30
u = −1 (repeated)
= 150 or 330
When u = −1,
tan  = −1
14. (a) Let u = cos . Then u2 = cos2 .
 = 180 − 45 or 360 − 45
= 135 or 315
2u2 − 3 u = 0
(b) Let u = cos . Then u2 = cos2 .
u(2u − 3 ) = 0
3
u = 0 or 2u2 − u − 1 = 0
2
When u = 0, (u − 1)(2u + 1) = 0
cos  = 0 1
u = 1 or −
2
 = 90 or 270
When u = 1,
3
When u = , cos  = 1
2
 = 0 or 360
3
cos  = 1
2 When u = − ,
 = 30 or 360 − 30 2
1
= 30 or 330 cos  = −
2
(b) Let u = sin . Then u2 = sin2 .
 = 180 − 60 or 180 + 60
= 120 or 240
u + u2 = 0
u(1 + u) = 0
16. Let x and x + 1 be the two consecutive positive
u = 0 or −1
integers.
When u = 0, 2
x=
sin  = 0 x +1
 = 0 or 180 or 360 x(x + 1) = 2
When u = −1, x2 + x = 2
sin  = −1 x2 + x − 2 = 0
 = 270 (x − 1)(x + 2) = 0
When x = 1, x + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2.
∴ The two consecutive positive integers are
1 and 2.

30 Solutions
17. (a) Time taken to Portion of the 1 2

(b) + =1
paint the wall wall painted x2 −1 x + 1
(days) per day 1 2
Ivan 1 + =1
3 ( x + 1)( x − 1) x + 1
alone 3
1 + 2( x − 1)
1 =1
Andy
x ( x + 1)( x − 1)
alone x
1 + 2(x − 1) = (x + 1)(x − 1)
Ivan and 1
x−4 2x − 1 = x2 − 1
Andy x−4
1 1 1 x2 − 2x = 0
(b) + =
3 x x−4 x(x − 2) = 0
x+3 1 x = 0 or 2
=
3x x−4
(x + )(x − 4) = 3x
x 2 8x − 2
x2 − x − 12 = 3x 20. (a) − =
x − 5 x + 3 x 2 − 2 x − 15
x2 − 4x − 12 = 0 x( x + 3) − 2( x − 5) 8x − 2
=
(x − 6)(x + 2) = 0 ( x − 5)( x + 3) ( x − 5)( x + 3)
x = 6 or −2 (rejected) x(x + 3) − 2(x − 5) = 8x − 2

x2 + x + 10 = 8x − 2
18. Let x and x + 2 be the two numbers. x2 − 7x + 12 = 0
log x + log (x + 2) = log 35 (x − 3)(x − 4) = 0
log [x(x + 2)] = log 35 x = 3 or 4

x 6 1
∴ x(x + 2) = 35 (b) + = −1
x + 3 x2 − 9 x − 3
x2 + 2x − 35 = 0 x 6 1
+ = −1
(x − 5)(x + 7) = 0 x + 3 ( x + 3)( x − 3) x − 3
x = 5 or −7 (rejected) x( x − 3) + 6 x + 3 − ( x + 3)( x − 3)
=
When x = 5, x + 2 = 5 + 2 = 7. ( x + 3)( x − 3) ( x + 3)( x − 3)
∴ The two numbers are 5 and 7. x(x − 3) + 6 = x + 3 − (x + 3)(x − 3)

x2 − 3x + 6 = x + 3 − (x2 − 9)
3 1 2x2 − 4x − 6 = 0
19. (a) + =1
x+2 x−2 x2 − 2x − 3 = 0
3( x − 2) + ( x + 2)
=1 (x + 1)(x − 3) = 0
( x + 2)( x − 2)
x = −1 or 3 (rejected)
3(x − 2) + (x + 2) = (x + 2)(x − 2)
4x − 4 = x2 − 4
21. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
x2 − 4x = 0
x(x − 4) = 0
2u2 − 7u − 4 = 0
x = 0 or 4
(u − 4)(2u + 1) = 0
1
u = 4 or −
2
Since u = x2,
1
x2 = 4 or − (rejected)
2
x = 2

(b) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. (b) Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x )2 = x.

4u2 + 3u − 27 = 0 2u2 − 7u + 3 = 0
(4u − 9)(u + 3) = 0 (2u − 1)(u − 3) = 0
9 1
u = or −3 u = or 3
4 2
2
Since u = x , Since u = x ,
9 1
x2 = or −3 (rejected) x = or x =3
4 2
3 1
x = x = or x=9
2 4
22. (a) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2 = x6. 24. (a) x − 3 − x = −5

The original equation becomes x −3 = x − 5
u2 + 16u + 64 = 0 ( x − 3 ) 2 = (x − 5)2
(u + 8)2 = 0 x − 3 = x2 − 10x + 25
u = −8 (repeated) x2 − 11x + 28 = 0
Since u = x3, (x − 7)(x − 4) = 0
x3 = −8 x = 7 or 4 (rejected)
x = −2 (b) 2x − 2 − x = 1
3 2 3 2
(b) Let u = x . Then u = (x ) = x . 6
2x − 1 = 2 − x
The original equation becomes (2x − 1)2 = ( 2 − x ) 2
8u2 + 7u − 1 = 0 4x2 − 4x + 1 = 2 − x
(u + 1)(8u − 1) = 0 4x2 − 3x − 1 = 0
1 (x − 1)(4x + 1) = 0
u = −1 or
8 1
Since u = x3, x = 1 or − (rejected)
4
1
x3 = −1 or
8
25. (a) Let u = 7x. Then u2 = (7x)2 = 72x.
1
x = −1 or
2 The original equation becomes
u2 − 56u + 343 = 0
23. (a) Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x )2 = x. (u − 49)(u − 7) = 0
The original equation becomes u = 49 or 7
2u2 − 3u − 2 = 0 Since u = 7x,
(u − 2)(2u + 1) = 0 7x = 49 or 7x = 7
1 x = 2 or x = 1
u = 2 or −
2
Since u = x ,
1
x = 2 or − (rejected)
2
x=4

32 Solutions
(b) 32x + 2 − 10(3x) + 1 = 0 27. (a) Let u = 4x. The original equation becomes
32  32x − 10(3x) + 1 = 0 u−3=
10
u
Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = 32x.
u − 3u = 10
2
u2 − 3u − 10 = 0
32u2 − 10u + 1 = 0
(u − 5)(u + 2) = 0
9u2 − 10u + 1 = 0
u = 5 or −2
(9u − 1)(u − 1) = 0
x
Since u = 4 ,
1
u = or 1
9 4x = 5 or −2 (rejected)
x
Since u = 3 , log 4x = log 5
1 x log 4 = log 5
3x = or 3x = 1
9 log 5
x = −2 or x = 0 x=
log 4
= 1.16, cor. to 2 d.p.
26. (a) Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = (32)x = 9x. (b) Let u = 5x. The original equation becomes
2u + = 3
u2 + 24u − 81 = 0 u
2
(u − 3)(u + 27) = 0 2u + 1 = 3u
u = 3 or −27 2u2 − 3u + 1 = 0
Since u = 3x, (u − 1)(2u − 1) = 0

1
3x = 3 or −27 (rejected) u = 1 or
2
x=1
Since u = 5x,
x 2 x 2 2 x x
(b) Let u = 4 . Then u = (4 ) = (4 ) = 16 . 1
5x = 1 or 5x =
1
u2 − 20u + 64 = 0 x = 0 or log 5x = log
2
(u − 16)(u − 4) = 0 1
x = 0 or x log 5 = log
u = 16 or 4 2
Since u = 4 ,x 1
log
x = 0 or x= 2
4x = 16 or 4x = 4 log 5
x = 2 or x = 1 x = 0 or x = −0.43, cor. to 2 d.p.
1
28. (a) log (x − 4) − log (3x − 10) = log
x
x−4 1
log = log
3x − 10 x
x−4 1
∴ =
3x − 10 x
x(x − 4) = 3x − 10
x2 − 7x + 10 = 0
(x − 5)(x − 2) = 0

(b) log (x2 − 9) − log (x − 5) = log (2x − 1) 30. (a)

3
sin2  =cos 
2
x −9
2
log = log (2x − 1) 3
x −5 1 − cos2  = cos 
2
x2 − 9 2 − 2 cos2  = 3 cos 
∴ = 2x − 1
x−5
2 cos2  + 3 cos  − 2 = 0
x2 − 9 = (2x − 1)(x − 5)
(2 cos  − 1)(cos  + 2) = 0
x2 − 9 = 2x2 − 11x + 5
2 cos  − 1 = 0 or cos  + 2 = 0
x2 − 11x + 14 = 0
1
cos  = or cos  = −2 (rejected)
− (−11)  (−11) 2 − 4(1)(14) 2
x=
2(1)  = 60 or 360 − 60
11+ 65 11− 65 = 60 or 300
= or (rejected)
2 2 (b) 2 cos  + 5 sin  = 5
2
= 9.53, cor. to 2 d.p.

2(1 − sin2 ) + 5 sin  = 5
2 − 2 sin2  + 5 sin  = 5
29. (a) log2 (x2 + 3) − log2 x = 2
2 sin2  − 5 sin  + 3 = 0
x +3
2
log 2 = log2 4 (sin  − 1)(2 sin  − 3) = 0
x
sin  − 1 = 0 or 2 sin  − 3 = 0
x2 + 3
∴ =4 3
x sin  = 1 or sin  = (rejected)
2
x2 + 3 = 4x
 = 90
x2 − 4x + 3 = 0 (c) 3 sin2  + 8 cos  − 7 = 0
(x − 1)(x − 3) = 0 3(1 − cos2 ) + 8 cos  − 7 = 0
x = 1 or 3 3 − 3 cos2  + 8 cos  − 7 = 0
(b) log3 (4 + x ) − log3 (7 − x) − 2 = 0
2
3 cos2  − 8 cos  + 4 = 0
4+ x 2
(3 cos  − 2)(cos  − 2) = 0
log3 − log3 9 = log3 1
7−x
3 cos  − 2 = 0 or cos  − 2 = 0
4 + x2
log3 = log3 1 2
9(7 − x) cos  = or cos  = 2 (rejected)
3
4 + x2  = 48.190 or 360 − 48.190
∴ =1
9(7 − x)
= 48.2 or 311.8,
4 + x2 = 9(7 − x)
cor. to the nearest 0.1
x2 + 9x − 59 = 0
− 9  92 − 4(1)( −59)
x=
2(1)
− 9 + 317 − 9 − 317
= or
2 2
= 4.40 or −13.40, cor. to 2 d.p.

34 Solutions
(d) cos2  − 3 sin  cos  + 2 sin2  = 0 − (−3)  (−3) 2 − 4(1)( −1)

∴ cos  =
cos 2  − 3 sin  cos  + 2 sin 2  2(1)
=0
cos 2  3 + 13 3 − 13
= (rejected) or
1 − 3 tan  + 2 tan  = 0
2 2 2
(tan  − 1)(2 tan  − 1) = 0  = 180 − 72.376 or 180 + 72.376
= 107.6 or 252.4,
tan  − 1 = 0 or 2 tan  − 1 = 0
1 cor. to the nearest 0.1
tan  = 1 or tan  =
2 4
(c) sin  tan  + cos  =
When tan  = 1, tan 
 sin   4
 = 45 or 180 + 45 sin    + cos  =
 cos   sin 
= 45 or 225 cos 
1 sin 2  + cos 2  4 cos 
When tan  = , =
2 cos  sin 
 = 26.565 or 180 + 26.565 1 4 cos 
=
= 26.6 or 206.6, cor. to the nearest 0.1 cos  sin 
sin  = 4 cos2 
31. (a) 2 cos  = tan  sin  = 4(1 − sin2 )
sin  4 sin2  + sin  − 4 = 0
2 cos  =
cos 
− 1  12 − 4(4)( −4)
2 cos2  = sin  ∴ sin  =
2(4)
2(1 − sin2 ) = sin 
− 1+ 65 − 1− 65
2 sin2 + sin − 2 = 0 =
8
or
8
(rejected)
− 1  12 − 4(2)( −2)  = 61.980 or 180 − 61.980

∴ sin  =
2(2) = 62.0 or 118.0,
− 1+ 17 − 1− 17 cor. to the nearest 0.1
= or (rejected)
4 4 (d) tan  − 2 tan  cos  + cos2  = 0
2
 = 51.332 or 180 − 51.332

(tan  − cos )2 = 0
= 51.3 or 128.7,
tan  − cos  = 0
tan  = cos 
3
(b) + sin  = 0 sin 
tan  = cos 
cos 
3
+ sin  = 0 sin  = cos2 
sin 
cos  sin  = 1 − sin2 
3 cos  sin2  + sin  − 1 = 0
+ sin  = 0
sin 
− 1  12 − 4(1)( −1)
3 cos  + sin2  = 0 ∴ sin  =
2(1)
3 cos  + 1 − cos2  = 0
− 1+ 5 − 1− 5
cos2  − 3 cos  − 1 = 0 = or (rejected)
2 2
 = 38.173 or 180 − 38.173
= 38.2 or 141.8,

32. Let x and x + 1 be the two consecutive integers. 1 1 1

+ =
1 1 7 x 4 x−2
+ = 4+ x 1
x x + 1 12 =
x +1+ x 7 4x x−2
=
x( x + 1) 12 (4 + x)(x − 2) = 4x
12(x + 1 + x) = 7x(x + 1) x2 + 2x − 8 = 4x
24x + 12 = 7x2 + 7x x2 − 2x − 8 = 0
7x2 − 17x − 12 = 0 (x − 4)(x + 2) = 0
(x − 3)(7x + 4) = 0 x = 4 or −2 (rejected)
4 ∵ The time taken by technician B alone to repair the
7
machine is the same as the time taken by
When x = 3, x + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4.
technician A alone to repair the machine.
∴ The two consecutive integers are 3 and 4.
∴ Technician B alone does not take more time than
technician A alone to repair the machine.
33. Let x km/h be Jack’s original cycling speed.
Time needed
Speed (km/h) 35. (a) Let x be the number of pieces of glassware bought
(h)
30 by the students originally.
Original speed x
x
From the question,
30
New speed x+3  48 
x+3 (x − 2)  + 3  − 48 = 22
30 30 1  x 
− =
x x+3 2  48 
(x − 2)  + 3  = 70
30( x + 3) − 30 x 1  x 
=
x( x + 3) 2  48 
(x − 2)  + 3  x = 70x
90
=
1  x 
x( x + 3) 2 (x − 2)(48 + 3x) = 70x
180 = x(x + 3) 3x2 + 42x − 96 = 70x
x2 + 3x − 180 = 0 3x2 − 28x − 96 = 0
(x − 12)(x + 15) = 0 (x − 12)(3x + 8) = 0
x = 12 or −15 (rejected) 8
∴ Jack’s original cycling speed is 12 km/h. 3
∴ The required number of pieces of glassware
34. Let x hours be the time taken by technician B alone to was 12.
repair the machine. (b) Selling price of each piece of glassware

Portion of the  48 
Time taken to = $ + 3 
repair the
machine  12 
repaired per
machine (h) = $7
hour
Technician 1
4
A alone 4
Technician 1
x
B alone x
Technicians 1
A and B x−2
together x−2

36 Solutions
36. From the question, 38. From the question, R = 25.

6 000(1.2−0.5t) = 10 000(0.4 − 1.44−0.5t) 80 tan  
25 =
3(1.2−0.5t) = 2 − 5(1.44−0.5t) ................... (1) 1 + tan 2  
25(1 + tan2  ) = 80 tan  
Let u = 1.2−0.5t.
25 tan2   − 80 tan   + 25 = 0
Then u2 = (1.2−0.5t)2 = (1.22)−0.5t = 1.44−0.5t.
5 tan2   − 16 tan   + 5 = 0
Equation (1) becomes
3u = 2 − 5u2 − (−16)  (−16) 2 − 4(5)(5)
∴ tan   =
2(5)
5u2 + 3u − 2 = 0
16 + 156 16 − 156
(5u − 2)(u + 1) = 0 = or
10 10
2
u = or −1  = 70.66 or 19.34, cor. to 2 d.p.
5
∴ The minimum value of  is 19.34.
Since u = 1.2−0.5t,
2
1.2−0.5t = or −1 (rejected)
5 Supplementary Exercise 1 (P.1.41)
2 1. (a) From the figure, the points of intersection are
log 1.2−0.5t = log
5 (−1.8 , −0.6) and (0.3 , 3.6).
2
−0.5t log 1.2 = log ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
5
2 are x = −1.8, y = −0.6 and x = 0.3, y = 3.6.
log
t= 5 (b) From the figure, the point of intersection is
− 0.5 log1.2
(−1.5 , 6.0).
= 10, cor. to the nearest integer ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations
is x = −1.5, y = 6.0.
37. From the question,
20 000(1 − 36%)t − 11 000(1 − 20%)t = 3 000
2.
20  0.64t − 11  0.8t − 3 = 0 .......... (1)
Let u = 0.8t. Then u2 = (0.8t)2 = (0.82)t = 0.64t.
Equation (1) becomes
20u2 − 11u − 3 = 0
(4u − 3)(5u + 1) = 0
3 1
u= or −
4 5
Since u = 0.8t,
3 1
0.8t = or − (rejected)
4 5 (a) Add the graph of y = 2x + 1 to the given figure.
log 0.8t = log

3 x −1  1
4
y −1 1 3
3
t log 0.8 = log From the figure, the points of intersection are
4
3 (−2.0 , −3.0) and (2.0 , 5.0).
log
t= 4 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
log 0.8
are x = −2.0, y = −3.0 and x = 2.0, y = 5.0.
= 1.29, cor. to 2 d.p.

(b) Add the graph of y = −x to the given figure.  xy = 12 ..................... (1)

5. 
x −4 0 2  y = x + 4 ...................(2)
y 4 0 −2 Substitute (2) into (1).
From the figure, the points of intersection are x(x + 4) = 12
(−3.8 , 3.8) and (0.8 , −0.8). x2 + 4x − 12 = 0
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations (x + 6)(x − 2) = 0
are x = −3.8, y = 3.8 and x = 0.8, y = −0.8. x = −6 or 2

 y = −6 + 4
 y = x 2 + 1 ....................(1)
3. 
 = −2
 y = 3 − x ..................... (2)
y=2+4
3 − x = x2 + 1
=6
x2 + x − 2 = 0
(x + 2)(x − 1) = 0
x = −6, y = −2 and x = 2, y = 6.
x = −2 or 1
 y = x( x + 2) ..................... (1)
y = 3 − (−2) 6. 
3x − y + 2 = 0 ...................(2)
=5
From (2), y = 3x + 2 ........... (3)
y=3−1
3x + 2 = x(x + 2)
=2
3x + 2 = x2 + 2x
x2 − x − 2 = 0
x = −2, y = 5 and x = 1, y = 2.
(x + 1)(x − 2) = 0
x = −1 or 2

 y = x 2 − 2 x + 3 ................. (1)
4.  Substitute x = −1 into (3).

3x − y = 1......................... (2)
y = 3(−1) + 2
From (2), y = 3x − 1 ........... (3)
= −1
3x − 1 = x2 − 2x + 3
y = 3(2) + 2
x2 − 5x + 4 = 0
=8
(x − 1)(x − 4) = 0
x = 1 or 4
x = −1, y = −1 and x = 2, y = 8.
y = 3(1) − 1
=2
y = 3(4) − 1
= 11
x = 1, y = 2 and x = 4, y = 11.

38 Solutions

 y = x 2 + 5 x + 6 ...................(1)
(b) 

 y + x = x 2 + 8 ..................... (1) 
 y = x − 1 ............................(2)


 y + x = 11x − 10 ..................(2) Substitute (2) into (1).
Substitute (2) into (1). x − 1 = x2 + 5x + 6
11x − 10 = x2 + 8 x2 + 4x + 7 = 0
x2 − 11x + 18 = 0  = 42 − 4(1)(7)
(x − 2)(x − 9) = 0 = −12
x = 2 or 9 <0
Substitute x = 2 into (2). ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
y + 2 = 11(2) − 10 solutions.
y = 10 2 x + y − 1 = 0 ...................... (1)

(c)  2
Substitute x = 9 into (2). 
 x + 2 y = 3 ......................... (2)
y + 9 = 11(9) − 10 From (1), y = 1 − 2x .............. (3)
y = 80 Substitute (3) into (2).
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are x2 + 2(1 − 2x) = 3
x = 2, y = 10 and x = 9, y = 80. x2 − 4x − 1 = 0
 = (−4)2 − 4(1)(−1)
8. Rewrite the given equation as: = 20

 y − 5 = x + 4 x ..................... (1)
2
>0


 y − 5 = −2 x − 11 ....................(2) ∴ The simultaneous equations have two real
Substitute (2) into (1). solutions.
−2x − 11 = x + 4x 2
2
x + 6x + 11 = 0 x 8
10. (a) =4−
2 x
 = 62 − 4(1)(11)
x 4x − 8
= −8 =
2 x
<0 x2 = 2(4x − 8)
∴ x2 + 6x + 11 = 0 has no real roots. x2 − 8x + 16 = 0
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real (x − 4)2 = 0
solutions. x=4
 7
(b) 1 +  (x + 1) = 16

 y = − x 2 − 3x ...................(1)  x
9. (a)   7

 y = x + 4 ......................... (2) x1 +  (x + 1) = 16x
 x
(x + 7)(x + 1) = 16x
x + 4 = −x2 − 3x
x2 + 8x + 7 = 16x
2
x + 4x + 4 = 0
x2 − 8x + 7 = 0
 = 42 − 4(1)(4)
(x − 1)(x − 7) = 0
=0
x = 1 or 7
∴ The simultaneous equations have one real
solution.

1 2 12. (a) Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x ) 2 = x.

(c) + =3
x +1 x
x + 2( x + 1)
=3
x( x + 1) u2 − 6u + 8 = 0
x + 2(x + 1) = 3x(x + 1) (u − 2)(u − 4) = 0
x + 2x + 2 = 3x2 + 3x u = 2 or 4
2 Since u = x ,
2 = 3x
2 x = 2 or x =4
x2 =
3 x = 4 or x = 16
x = −0.82 or 0.82, cor. to 2 d.p.
(b) x 2 + 16 x = 6
( x 2 + 16 x ) 2 = 62
11. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
x2 + 16x = 36
x2 + 16x − 36 = 0
u2 − 6u − 27 = 0
(x + 18)(x − 2) = 0
(u − 9)(u + 3) = 0
x = −18 or 2
u = 9 or −3
(c) 2 x − 1 − x = 0
Since u = x2,
2 x −1 = x
( 2 x − 1 ) 2 = x2
x = 3
(b) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. 4(x − 1) = x2
The original equation becomes x2 − 4x + 4 = 0
2u2 + u − 3 = 0 (x − 2)2 = 0
x=2
(u − 1)(2u + 3) = 0
3
u = 1 or − 2
−4
2 13. (a) 2x = 8x
2
2 x − 4 = 23x
2
Since u = x ,
3 ∴ x2 − 4 = 3x
2
x2 − 3x − 4 = 0
x = 1
(x + 1)(x − 4) = 0
(c) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
x = −1 or 4
(b) Let u = 5x.
2u2 − 3u − 20 = 0
(u − 4)(2u + 5) = 0
5 u2 − 7u + 6 = 0
u = 4 or −
2 (u − 1)(u − 6) = 0
Since u = x2, u = 1 or 6
5 Since u = 5 , x
2
5x = 1 or 5x = 6
x = 2
x = 0 or log 5x = log 6
x = 0 or x log 5 = log 6
log 6
x = 0 or x=
log 5
x = 0 or x = 1.11, cor. to 2 d.p.

40 Solutions
(c) Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = (22)x = 4x. 15. (a) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .
u2 − 5u + 4 = 0 2u2 − 5 = 0
(u − 1)(u − 4) = 0 u2 =
5
2
u = 1 or 4
5
Since u = 2x, u =
2
2x = 1 or 2x = 4
5
When u = ,
x = 0 or x = 2 2
5
tan  =
2
14. (a) Let u = log4 x. Then u = (log4 x) . 2 2
The original equation becomes  = 57.688 5 or 180 + 57.688 5
u2 + u − 2 = 0 = 57.69 or 237.69, cor. to 2 d.p.
(u + 2)(u − 1) = 0 When u = −
5
,
2
u = −2 or 1
5
Since u = log4 x, tan  = −
2
log4 x = −2 or log4 x = 1
 = 180 − 57.688 5 or 360 − 57.688 5
x = 4−2 or x = 41
= 122.31 or 302.31,
1
x= or x=4 cor. to 2 d.p.
16
(b) Let u = cos . Then u2 = cos2 .
(b) log (x + 2) + log x = 1
log [(x + 2)x] = log 10
4u2 = 3u
∴ (x + 2)x = 10
4u2 − 3u = 0
x + 2x − 10 = 0
2
u(4u − 3) = 0
− 2  2 − 4(1)( −10)
2
3
x= u = 0 or
2(1) 4
− 2  44 When u = 0,
=
2 cos  = 0
= −1 + 11 or −1 − 11 (rejected)  = 90 or 270
= 2.32, cor. to 2 d.p. 3
When u = ,
(c) (log x)2 − log x2 = 3 4
3
(log x)2 − 2 log x = 3 cos  =
4
Let u = log x. Then u2 = (log x)2.
 = 41.409 6 or 360 − 41.409 6
= 41.41 or 318.59, cor. to 2 d.p.
u2 − 2u − 3 = 0
(u + 1)(u − 3) = 0
u = −1 or 3
Since u = log x,
log x = −1 or log x = 3
x = 10−1 or x = 103
1
x= or x = 1 000
10

(c) Let u = sin . Then u2 = sin2 . 17. Let x be the denominator of the original fraction.
The original equation becomes From the question,
6u2 − u − 1 = 0 7+2 7 1
− =
x + 2 x 20
(2u − 1)(3u + 1) = 0
9 x − 7( x + 2) 1
1 1 =
u= or − x( x + 2) 20
2 3 2 x − 14 1
1 =
When u = , x 2 + 2 x 20
2
20(2x − 14) = x2 + 2x
1
sin  =
2 x2 − 38x + 280 = 0
 = 30 or 180 − 30 (x − 10)(x − 28) = 0
= 30 or 150 x = 10 or 28
1
When u = − , 7 7
3 When x = 10, = .
x 10
1
sin  = − 7 7 1
3 When x = 28, = = (rejected).
x 28 4
 = 180 + 19.471 2 or 360 − 19.471 2
7
= 199.47 or 340.53, cor. to 2 d.p. ∴ The original fraction is .
10
16. (a) The required pair of simultaneous equations are 18. (a) Width of the original rectangle
2 x + y = 5 224
 . = cm
 x + y 2 = 10 x
Width of the new rectangle
2 x + y = 5 .......................... (1)

(b)   224   225 

 x + y = 10 ......................... (2)
2
= + 1 cm  or cm 
 x   x −1 
From (2), x = 10 − y2 ............ (3)
(b) From the question,
 224 
(x − 1)  +1 = 224 + 1
2(10 − y2) + y = 5  x 
20 − 2y2 + y = 5  224 
(x − 1)  +1 x = 225x
2y2 − y − 15 = 0  x 
(y − 3)(2y + 5) = 0 (x − 1)(224 + x) = 225x
5 x2 + 223x − 224 = 225x
y = 3 or −
(rejected)
2 x2 − 2x − 224 = 0
Substitute y = 3 into (3).
(x − 16)(x + 14) = 0
x = 10 − 32
=1

42 Solutions
19. (a) y = 3x − x2 + 1
x −1 0 1 2 3 4
y −3 1 3 3 1 −3
y = 2x + 4
x −1 −0.5 0
y 2 3 4
From the figure, the two graphs have no points From the figure, the points of intersection are
of intersection. (−2.3 , 2.7) and (1.3 , 6.3).

∴ The simultaneous equations have no real ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
solutions. are x = −2.3, y = 2.7 and x = 1.3, y = 6.3.

(b) y = x2 + 2x + 2 (c) y = −x2 + x + 6
x − −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 x −2 −1 0 1 2 3
y 10 5 2 1 2 5 10 y 0 4 6 6 4 0
y=x+5 y = −3x + 10
x −4 0 2 x 1 2 3
y 1 5 7 y 7 4 1

From the figure, the point of intersection is 

 xy − 1 = y 2 − x 2 ..................(1)
22. 
(2.0 , 4.0). 
 x + y = 1 ............................(2)
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equation is From (2), y = 1 − x .............. (3)
x = 2.0, y = 4.0. Substitute (3) into (1).
x(1 − x) − 1 = (1 − x)2 − x2
 2 5 x − x2 − 1 = 1 − 2x + x2 − x2
 x + y = ...................... (1)
2
20.  2
 x2 − 3x + 2 = 0
 5 − 3 x = y ..........
............... (2)
(x − 1)(x − 2) = 0
x = 1 or 2
5
x2 + (5 − 3x)2 =
2 Substitute x = 1 into (3).
x2 + 25 − 30x + 9x2 =
5 y=1−1
2
=0
45
10x2 − 30x + =0 Substitute x = 2 into (3).
2
4x2 − 12x + 9 = 0 y=1−2
(2x − 3) = 02 = −1
3 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = (repeated)
2 x = 1, y = 0 and x = 2, y = −1.
3
Substitute x = into (2).
2
3 23. Rewrite the given equation as:
y = 5 − 3 
2 
2 x 2 − y 2 = 3 ...................... (1)
1 
= 
 y − 4 x = 3 .......................... (2)
2
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equation is From (2), y = 4x + 3 ............. (3)
3 1 Substitute (3) into (1).
x= ,y= .
2 2 2x2 − (4x + 3)2 = 3
2x2 − (16x2 + 24x + 9) = 3
( x − 8)( y − 4) = −5 ................ (1) 14x2 + 24x + 12 = 0
21. 
 x − 2 y = 6 ............................(2) 7x2 + 12x + 6 = 0
From (2), x = 2y + 6 ............... (3)  = 122 − 4(7)(6)
Substitute (3) into (1). = −24
(2y + 6 − 8)(y − 4) = −5 <0
(2y − 2)(y − 4) = −5 ∴ 7x2 + 12x + 6 = 0 has no real roots.
2y2 − 10y + 8 = −5 i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
2y2 − 10y + 13 = 0 solutions.
 = (−10)2 − 4(2)(13)
= −4
<0
∴ 2y2 − 10y + 13 = 0 has no real roots.
solutions.

44 Solutions
24. Rewrite the given equation as: 1

Substitute x = into (3).
3

3x 2 + y 2 = 4 ....................... (1)
 31
 y =1 −  
 x − y + 6 = 4 ....................... (2) 2 3
From (2), y = x + 2 ............... (3) 1
=
Substitute (3) into (1). 2
3x2 + (x + 2)2 = 4 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
4 1 1
3x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 4 x = − , y = 3 and x = , y = .
3 3 2
4x2 + 4x = 0
4x(x + 1) = 0
 y = mx − 1 ..................... (1)
x = 0 or −1 26. 
 xy = 1 ........................... (2)
Substitute x = 0 into (3). Substitute (1) into (2).
y=0+2 x(mx − 1) = 1
=2 mx2 − x − 1 = 0 ................ (3)
Substitute x = −1 into (3). ∵ The simultaneous equations have no real
y = −1 + 2 solutions.
=1 ∴  of (3) < 0
(−1)2 − 4(m)(−1) < 0
x = 0, y = 2 and x = −1, y = 1. 1 + 4m < 0
4m < −
25. Rewrite the given equation as: 1
m−
3x + 2 y = 2 ............................... (1)
 4


9 xy + 6 y − 9 x = 2 ...................(2)
2 2
From (1), 2y = 2 − 3x 
 y = 2 x 2 + 3x − n ................................... (1)
27. 
3 
 y = x + 1 .............................................. (2)
y = 1 − x ................. (3)
x + 1 = 2x2 + 3x − n
2
 3   3  2x2 + 2x − n − 1 = 0 .............................. (3)
9 x1 − x  + 61 − x  − 9x2 = 2
 2   2 
∵ The simultaneous equations have two real
27 2 27 2
9x − x + 6 − 18x + x − 9x2 = 2 solutions.
2 2
9x2 + 9x − 4 = 0 ∴  of (3) > 0
(3x + 4)(3x − 1) = 0 2 − 4(2)(−n − 1) > 0

2
4 1 4 + 8n + 8 > 0
x =− or
3 3 8n > −12
4
Substitute x = − into (3). 3
3 n−
2
3 4
y = 1 − − 
2 3
=3


 y = x 2 + kx − 8k ..................... (1) 30. (a)
3
−
1
=
1
28.  ( x − 1) 2 x − 1 4

 y = 16 − kx ............................(2)
3 − ( x − 1) 1
Substitute (2) into (1). =
( x − 1) 2 4
16 − kx = x2 + kx − 8k 4− x 1
=
x2 + 2kx − 8k − 16 = 0 ............ (3) ( x − 1) 2
4
∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real 4(4 − x) = (x − 1)2
solution. 16 − 4x = x2 − 2x + 1
∴  of (3) = 0 x2 + 2x − 15 = 0
(2k)2 − 4(1)(−8k − 16) = 0 (x + 5)(x − 3) = 0
2
4k + 32k + 64 = 0 x = −5 or 3
2
k + 8k + 16 = 0 x + 3 1 − x 17
(b) − =
(k + 4)2 = 0 x−2 x 4
x( x + 3) − (1 − x)( x − 2) 17
k = −4 =
x( x − 2) 4
x 2 + 3x − (− x 2 + 3x − 2) 17
=
29. (a) ∵ The graph of y = x + 2x + k has two
2
x2 − 2x 4
x-intercepts. 2 x + 2 17
2
=
i.e. x2 + 2x + k = 0 has two real roots. x2 − 2x 4
∴ >0 4(2x2 + 2) = 17(x2 − 2x)
22 − 4(1)(k) > 0 8x2 + 8 = 17x2 − 34x
4 − 4k > 0 9x2 − 34x − 8 = 0
−4k > −4 (9x + 2)(x − 4) = 0

2
k<1 x =− or 4
9

 y = x 2 + 2 x + k ..................(1) x+3 3( x − 2)
(b)  (c) +1 =

 y = x + 1 ............................(2) 3x − 5 x −1
Substitute (2) into (1). x + 3 + (3x − 5) 3( x − 2)
=
3x − 5 x −1
x + 1 = x2 + 2x + k 4 x − 2 3( x − 2)
=
x2 + x + k − 1 = 0 ................ (3) 3x − 5 x −1
 of (3) = 12 − 4(1)(k − 1) (4x − 2)(x − 1) = 3(x − 2)(3x − 5)
= 1 − 4k + 4 4x2 − 6x + 2 = 9x2 − 33x + 30
= 5 − 4k 5x2 − 27x + 28 = 0
∵ k<1 (5x − 7)(x − 4) = 0
∴ −4k > −4 7
x = or 4
5
5 − 4k > 5 − 4
5 − 4k > 1
∵ >1
∴ The graphs of y = x2 + 2x + k and y = x + 1 do
not have only one point of intersection.

46 Solutions
31. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. (b) Let u = x . The original equation becomes
u+ =1
4u
9u2 + 5u − 4 = 0
4u2 + 1 = 4u
(9u − 4)(u + 1) = 0
4u2 − 4u + 1 = 0
4
u = or −1
9 (2u − 1)2 = 0
Since u = x2, 1
u = (repeated)
4 2
x2 = or −1 (rejected)
9 Since u = x ,
2 1
x = x=
3 2
1
(b) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2 = x6. x=
4
(c) Let u = x − 1 . The original equation becomes
8u2 + 19u − 27 = 0 5
u+4=
(8u + 27)(u − 1) = 0 u
27 u(u + 4) = 5
u =− or 1
8 u2 + 4u − 5 = 0
3
Since u = x ,
(u − 1)(u + 5) = 0
27
x3 = − or x3 = 1 u = 1 or −5
8
3 Since u = x − 1 ,
x =− or x = 1
2 x − 1 = 1 or −5 (rejected)
(c) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2 = x6. x−1=1
The original equation becomes x=2
8u2 − 63u − 8 = 0
(8u + 1)(u − 8) = 0 33. (a) 32x − 18(3x − 1) + 9 = 0
1
u = − or 8  3x 
8 32x − 18   +9=0
 3 
Since u = x3,  
1 32x − 6(3x) + 9 = 0
x3 = − or x3 = 8
8 Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = 32x.
1
x = − or x = 2 The original equation becomes
2
u2 − 6u + 9 = 0
(u − 3)2 = 0
32. (a) x −3 + x = 5
u = 3 (repeated)
x −3 = 5 − x
Since u = 3x,
( x − 3 )2 = (5 − x)2
3x = 3
x − 3 = 25 − 10x + x2
x=1
x2 − 11x + 28 = 0
(x − 4)(x − 7) = 0

(b) Let u = 4x. Then u2 = (4x)2 = (42)x = 16x. Let u = 2x. The original equation becomes
2u + − 6 = 0
u
u2 − 17u + 16 = 0
2u2 − 6u + 4 = 0
(u − 1)(u − 16) = 0
u2 − 3u + 2 = 0
u = 1 or 16
(u − 1)(u − 2) = 0
Since u = 4x,
u = 1 or 2
4x = 1 or 4x = 16
x
Since u = 2 ,
x = 0 or x = 2
2x = 1 or 2x = 2
(c) Let u = 5x. Then u2 = (5x)2 = (52)x = 25x.
x = 0 or x = 1
81
5u2 + 24u − 5 = 0 (f) = 36 − 3x
3x −1
(5u − 1)(u + 5) = 0 81
= 36 − 3x
1
u = or −5 3x
5 3
x
Since u = 5 , 243
= 36 − 3x
1 3x
5x = or 5x = −5 (rejected)
5 Let u = 3x. The original equation becomes
x = −1 243
= 36 − u
1 u
(d) 4x + 2 + = 10
4x 243 = 36u − u2
1
4 2  4 x + x = 10 u2 − 36u + 243 = 0
4
x (u − 9)(u − 27) = 0
Let u = 4 . The original equation becomes
1 u = 9 or 27
(42)u + = 10
u Since u = 3x,
16u2 + 1 = 10u 3x = 9 or 3x = 27
16u2 − 10u + 1 = 0 x = 2 or x = 3
(8u − 1)(2u − 1) = 0
1 1 34. (a) log (x + 1) − log (3x2 − 5) = −1
u = or
8 2 x +1 1
x
Since u = 4 , log 2 = log
3x − 5 10
4x =
1
or 4x =
1 x +1 1
8 2 ∴ =
3x 2 − 5 10
22x = 2−3 or 22x = 2−1 10(x + 1) = 3x2 − 5
∴ 2x = −3 or 2x = −1 3x2 − 10x − 15 = 0
3 1
x = − or x = − − (−10)  (−10) 2 − 4(3)( −15)
2 2 x=
2(3)
4
(e) 2 x + 1 + −6 = 0
2x 10  280
=
4 6
2  2x + x − 6 = 0
2 5 + 70 5 − 70
= or (rejected)
3 3
= 4.46, cor. to 2 d.p.

48 Solutions
(b) 2 log (x + 4) − log (x + 2) = 1 35. (a) tan  +

1
= −2
log (x + 4)2 − log (x + 2) = 1 tan 
tan2  + 1 = −2 tan 
( x + 4) 2
log = log 10 tan2  + 2 tan  + 1 = 0
x+2
( x + 4) 2 (tan  + 1)2 = 0
∴ = 10
x+2 tan  = −1
(x + 4)2 = 10(x + 2)  = 180 − 45 or 360 − 45
2
x + 8x + 16 = 10x + 20 = 135 or 315
x2 − 2x − 4 = 0 (b) 5 cos  + 2 sin  + 1 = 0
2
− (−2)  (−2) − 4(1)( −4)

2
5 cos  + 2(1 − cos2 ) + 1 = 0
x=
2(1) 5 cos  + 2 − 2 cos2  + 1 = 0
2  20 2 cos2  − 5 cos  − 3 = 0
=
2
(2 cos  + 1)(cos  − 3) = 0
= 1+ 5 or 1− 5
2 cos  + 1 = 0 or cos  − 3 = 0
= 3.24 or −1.24, cor. to 2 d.p.
1
(c) log2 (x − 1) = 2 log2 (x − 9) − 2 cos  = − or cos  = 3 (rejected)
2
log2 (x − 1) = log2 (x − 9)2 − log2 4  = 180 − 60 or 180 + 60
( x − 9) 2 = 120 or 240
log2 (x − 1) = log2
4 2 + cos 
(c) tan  =
( x − 9) 2
3 sin 
∴ x−1=
4 sin  2 + cos 
=
4(x − 1) = (x − 9)2 cos  3 sin 
4x − 4 = x2 − 18x + 81 3 sin2  = cos  (2 + cos )
x2 − 22x + 85 = 0 3(1 − cos2 ) = 2 cos  + cos2 
(x − 17)(x − 5) = 0 4 cos2  + 2 cos  − 3 = 0
x = 17 or 5 (rejected) − 2  22 − 4(4)( −3)
∴ cos  =
(d) log0.5 (x + 3) − log0.5 x + 6 = −1 2(4)
x+3 − 2  52
log0.5 = log0.5 2 =
x+6 8
x+3 − 1+ 13 − 1− 13
∴ =2 = or (rejected)
x+6 4 4
x + 3 =2 x+6  = 49.353 7 or 360 − 49.353 7
(x + 3)2 = (2 x + 6 ) 2 = 49.35 or 310.65, cor. to 2 d.p.
x2 + 6x + 9 = 4x + 24
x2 + 2x − 15 = 0
(x − 3)(x + 5) = 0

(d) 3 sin2  + 4 sin  cos  − 4 cos2  = 0 (b) log (102x − 56) − x = 0

3 sin 2  + 4 sin  cos  − 4 cos 2  log (102x − 56) = x
=0
cos 2  ∴ 102x − 56 = 10x
3 tan2  + 4 tan  − 4 = 0 102x − 10x − 56 = 0
(3 tan  − 2)(tan  + 2) = 0 From (a),
3 tan  − 2 = 0 or tan  + 2 = 0 x = 0.90, cor. to 2 d.p.
2
tan  = or tan  = −2
3 38. (a) (log x)2 − 4(log 2)(log x) + 3(log 2)2 = 0
When tan  =
2
, (log x − log 2)(log x − 3 log 2) = 0
3
log x = log 2 or log x = 3 log 2
 = 33.690 1 or 180 + 33.690 1
x=2 or log x = log 23
= 33.69 or 213.69, cor. to 2 d.p.
x=2 or x = 23
When tan  = −2,
x=2 or x=8
 = 180 − 63.434 9 or 360 − 63.434 9
(b) log2 x + 3 logx 2 = 4
= 116.57 or 296.57, cor. to 2 d.p.
log x 3 log 2
+ =4
log 2 log x
36. (a) y2 − 2y − 3 = 0 (log x) 2 + 3(log 2) 2
=4
(y + 1)(y − 3) = 0 (log 2)(log x)
y = −1 or 3 (log x)2 + 3(log 2)2 = 4(log 2)(log x)
(b) Let y = x(x − 2). Then y2 = [x(x − 2)]2 = x2(x − 2)2. (log x)2 − 4(log 2)(log x) + 3(log 2)2 = 0
The original equation becomes From (a),
y − 2y − 3 = 0
2
x = 2 or 8
From (a),
y = −1 or y=3 39. (a) Original number = 10x + y
x(x − 2) = −1 or x(x − 2) = 3 New number = 10y + x
x − 2x + 1 = 0
2
or x − 2x − 3 = 0
2
From the question,
(x − 1) = 0
2
or (x + 1)(x − 3) = 0 xy = 35
x = 1 (repeated) or x = −1 or x = 3 and 10x + y − (10y + x) = 18
9x − 9y = 18
x 2 x 2 2x
37. (a) Let u = 10 . Then u = (10 ) = 10 . x−y=2
The original equation becomes ∴ The two equations are xy = 35 and x − y = 2.
u − u − 56 = 0
2
(u − 8)(u + 7) = 0
u = 8 or −7
Since u = 10x,
10x = 8 or −7 (rejected)
x = log 8
= 0.90, cor. to 2 d.p.

50 Solutions
 xy = 35 ......................... (1) 41. Let x be the number of members of the club.

(b) 
 x − y = 2 ....................... (2) From the question,
From (2), y = x − 2 .......... (3) 2 000 2 000
− = 25
Substitute (3) into (1). x−4 x
80 80
x(x − 2) = 35 − =1
x−4 x
x − 2x − 35 = 0
2
80 x − 80( x − 4)
=1
(x − 7)(x + 5) = 0 x( x − 4)
x = 7 or −5 (rejected) 320
=1
Substitute x = 7 into (3). x − 4x
2
y=7−2 320 = x2 − 4x
=5 x2 − 4x − 320 = 0
∴ The original two-digit number is 75. (x − 20)(x + 16) = 0

40. (a) From the question, ∴ The number of members of the club is 20.
x2 + y2 = 500
and 3x + (x − y) + 3y = 100 42. Let x h be the time taken for the cyclist to finish the
4x + 2y = 100 journey by the longer route.
2x + y = 50 From the question,

24 20
∴ The two equations are x2 + y2 = 500 and − =4
x x+ 1
2x + y = 50. 2

 x 2 + y 2 = 500 ....................... (1) 6 10
(b)  − =1

2 x + y = 50 .......................... (2) x 2x + 1
6(2 x + 1) − 10 x
From (2), y = 50 − 2x ............. (3) =1
x(2 x + 1)
2x + 6
x2 + (50 − 2x)2 = 500 =1
2x 2 + x
x2 + 2 500 − 200x + 4x2 = 500 2x + 6 = 2x2 + x
5x2 − 200x + 2 000 = 0 2x2 − x − 6 = 0
x2 − 40x + 400 = 0 (x − 2)(2x + 3) = 0
(x − 20) = 0
2 3
x = 2 or −
(rejected)
x = 20 (repeated) 2
∴ It takes 2 h for the cyclist to finish the journey by
the longer route.
y = 50 − 2(20)
= 10
∴ Length of the longest side of the foundation
= (x + y) m
= (20 + 10) m
= 30 m

43. From the question, we need to find the value of x when 45. Let x km/h be the speed of the ship.
P = 0. From the question,
∴ 11 000(2−0.02x) − 8 000(2−0.04x) − 3 000 = 0 840 840
+ = 37.5
x +3 x −3
11(2−0.02x) − 8(2−0.04x) − 3 = 0 ..... (1)
840( x − 3) + 840( x + 3)
Let u = 2−0.02x. Then u2 = (2−0.02x)2 = 2−0.04x. = 37.5
( x + 3)( x − 3)
Equation (1) becomes 1 680 x
= 37.5
11u − 8u2 − 3 = 0 x2 − 9
8u2 − 11u + 3 = 0 1 680x = 37.5(x2 − 9)
(8u − 3)(u − 1) = 0 37.5x2 − 1 680x − 337.5 = 0

3 5x2 − 224x − 45 = 0
u = or 1
8 (x − 45)(5x + 1) = 0
Since u = 2−0.02x, 1
3 5
2−0.02x = or 2−0.02x = 1
8 Time taken for the ship to arrive at town B
3
log 2−0.02x = log or x = 0 (rejected) =
840
hours
8 45 + 3
3
−0.02x log 2 = log = 17.5 hours
8
3 ∴ The ship arrived at town B at 11:30 p.m.
log
x= 8
− 0.02 log 2
46. (a) Let x minutes be the time taken for tap A alone to
= 70.75, cor. to 2 d.p.
fill up the tank.
∴ The machine can produce paint for 70.75 months.
From the question,
30 30
+ =1
44. From the question, H = 5. x x − 25
9 30( x − 25) + 30 x
5 = 12 tan x − (1 + tan2 x) =1
5 x( x − 25)
25 = 60 tan x − 9 − 9 tan2 x 60 x − 750
=1
9 tan2 x − 60 tan x + 34 = 0 x 2 − 25 x
60x − 750 = x2 − 25x
− (−60)  (−60) 2 − 4(9)(34)
∴ tan x = x2 − 85x + 750 = 0
2(9)
(x − 75)(x − 10) = 0
60  2 376
= x = 75 or 10 (rejected)
18
10 + 66 10 − 66 ∴ The time taken for tap A alone to fill up the
= or
3 3 tank is 75 minutes.
x = 80.60 or 32.02, cor. to 2 d.p.
(b) Time taken for tap B alone to fill up the tank
∴ The maximum value of x is 80.60.
= (75 − 25) minutes
= 50 minutes

52 Solutions
47. When n = 1, X = 5  105. 48. Substitute x = −3 into the equation 2x2 + ax − 12b = 0.
5  105 = p(1.44) + q ................................... (1) 2(−3)2 + a(−3) − 12b = 0
When n = 2, X = 5.88  105. 6 − a − 4b = 0 ......................... (1)
5.88  10 = p(1.44) + q ............................ (2)
5 2 ∵ x − ax + b = 0 has two equal real roots.
2
From (1), q = 5  10 − p(1.44) ................... (3)

5 ∴ =0
Substitute (3) into (2). (−a)2 − 4(1)(b) = 0
5.88  105 = p(1.44)2 + 5  105 − p(1.44) a2 − 4b = 0 .......................... (2)
(5.88 − 5)  105 = p(1.442 − 1.44) From (1), 4b = 6 − a ............................... (3)
p=  105
18 a2 − (6 − a) = 0
Substitute p =
25
 105 into (3). a2 + a − 6 = 0
18
(a + 3)(a − 2) = 0
 25 
q = 5  105 −   105  (1.44) = 300 000 a = −3 or 2
 18 
Substitute a = −3 into (3).
If X = Y, then
4b = 6 − (−3)
 25 5
  10  (1.44)n + 300 000 = [6(1.2)n − 1 − 2]  105 9
 18  b=
4
25  1.2 n 
(1.44)n + 3 = 6  − 2 Substitute a = 2 into (3).
18  1.2 
  4b = 6 − 2
25
(1.44)n + 3 = 5(1.2n) − 2 b=1
18
9
Let u = 1.2n. Then u2 = (1.2n)2 = (1.22)n = 1.44n. ∴ a = −3, b = or a = 2, b = 1.
4
The equation becomes
25 2
u + 3 = 5u − 2 49. (a) From the figure, the y-intercept is 18.
18
25 2 ∴ c = 18
u − 5u + 5 = 0
18 (b) y = ax2 + bx + c
5u2 − 18u + 18 = 0  b 
= a x 2 + x  + c
 = (−)2 − 4(5)(18)  a 
  b   b  
2 2
= −36 b
= ax2 + x +   −    + c
<0  a  2a   2a  
2
∴ 5u2 − 18u + 18 = 0 has no real roots.  b  b2
= a x +  +c−
i.e. The equation X = Y has no real roots.  2a  4a
∴ The polluted areas of the two districts will not ∵ The vertex of the graph is (3 , 0).
b2
be the same at the end of a certain year. ∴ c− =0
4a
b2
18 − =0
4a
b2
= 18
4a
b2 = 72a

(c) ∵ The vertex of the graph is (3 , 0). Substitute b = 7 into (3).

b 49
∴ − =3 a=
2a 2( 7 )
∴ b = −6a ................. (1) 7
=
From (b), b2 = 72a .............. (2) 2
21
Substitute (1) into (2). Substitute b = into (3).
4
(−6a)2 = 72a 49
a=
36a2 = 72a  21 
2 
a2 − 2a = 0  4
14
a(a − 2) = 0 =
3
a = 0 (rejected) or 2 7
When a = and b = 7,
Substitute a = 2 into (1). 2
the equation of the line L is
b = −6(2)
7
= −12 y =− x+7
7
2
1 2x + y − 7 = 0
50. Area of △OAB = 12
4 14 21
1 1 When a = and b = ,
ab = 12 3 4
2 4
the equation of the line L is
1 49
ab = 21
2 4
21
49 y =− 4 x+
ab = ..................................... (1) 14 4
2
3
The equation of L is 9 21
x y y =− x+
+ =1 8 4
a b 9x + 8y − 42 = 0
y x
= − +1 ∴ The possible equations of L are 2x + y − 7 = 0
b a
b and 9x + 8y − 42 = 0.
y =− x + b
a
∵ L passes through (2 , 3).
51. D
b
∴ 3 = − (2) + b From the figure, the points of intersection of the graphs
a
of y = x2 − 4 and y = −x + 2 are (−3 , 5) and (2 , 0).
3a = −2b + ab ........................................ (2)
49 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
From (1), a = .......................................... (3)
2b (−3 , 5) and (2 , 0).
 49   49 
3  = − 2b −  b 52. A
 2b   2b  
 y = − x 2 + x + 1 ...................(1)
147
= −2b +
49 

 y = 5 − 3x .......................... (2)
2b 2
147 = −4b2 + 49b Substitute (2) into (1).
4b2 − 49b + 147 = 0 5 − 3x = −x2 + x + 1
(b − 7)(4b − 21) = 0 x2 − 4x + 4 = 0
b = 7 or
21 (x − 2)2 = 0
4 x = 2 (repeated)

54 Solutions
53. D 55. C
Rewrite the given equation as: Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.

 y − x 2 + 3x = 1 ...................... (1) The original equation becomes


3x − 2 y − 4 = 1 ...................... (2) u2 − 13u + 36 = 0
From (2), 2y = 3x − 5 (u − 4)(u − 9) = 0
1
y = (3x − 5) ....... (3) u = 4 or 9
2
2
Since u = x ,
1 x2 = 4 or x2 = 9
(3x − 5) − x2 + 3x = 1
2 x = 2 or x = 3
3x − 5 − 2x2 + 6x = 2
2x2 − 9x + 7 = 0 56. C
(x − 1)(2x − 7) = 0 Let u = x . Then u2 = ( x )2 = x.
7
x = 1 or The original equation becomes
2
u2 + 2u − 35 = 0
1 (u − 5)(u + 7) = 0
y = [3(1) − 5]
2 u = 5 or −7
= −1 Since u = x ,
7
Substitute x = into (3). x = 5 or −7 (rejected)
2
x = 25
1 7 
y = 3  − 5
2 2 
11 57. A
=
4 22x + 2x + 1 − 8 = 0
11
∴ y = −1 or 22x + 2  2x − 8 = 0
4
Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = 22x.
54. B
1 1 3 u2 + 2u − 8 = 0
+ =
4− x 2+ x 4 (u − 2)(u + 4) = 0
2+ x+4− x 3 u = 2 or −4
=
(4 − x)( 2 + x) 4 x
Since u = 2 ,
6 3
= 2x = 2 or −4 (rejected)
8 + 2x − x2 4
24 = 3(8 + 2x − x2) x=1
8 = 8 + 2x − x2
x2 − 2x = 0
x(x − 2) = 0
x = 0 or 2

58. C Unit Test (P.1.49)

log3 (2x + 1) + log3 (x − 2) = 1 1. Add the graph of x − 2y = −6 to the given figure.
log3 [(2x + 1)(x − 2)] = log3 3 x −3 −2 
∴ (2x + 1)(x − 2) = 3 y 1.5 2 3
2x − 3x − 2 = 3
2
2x2 − 3x − 5 = 0
(2x − 5)(x + 1) = 0
5
x = or −1 (rejected)
2
59. A
4 cos2  − 9 cos (180 + ) + 2 = 0
4 cos2  − 9(−cos ) + 2 = 0
(1M)
4 cos2  + 9 cos  + 2 = 0
Let u = cos .
(−2.8 , 1.6) and (−0.7 , 2.6).
4u2 + 9u + 2 = 0
x = −2.8, y = 1.6 and x = −0.7, y = 2.6. (1A+1A)
(4u + 1)(u + 2) = 0
1 
u =− or −2  y = 4 x 2 − 7 ...................... (1)
4 2. 

 y = 5 x − 9 ........................ (2)
Since u = cos ,
cos  = − or −2 (rejected)
4 5x − 9 = 4x2 − 7x (1M)
 = 180 − 75.522 5 4x − 12x + 9 = 0
2
= 104.48, cor. to 2 d.p. (2x − 3)2 = 0 (1M)

∴ The equation has 1 root. 3
x = (repeated)
2
3
60. B Substitute x = into (2).
2
When the speed of the car is (x − 5) km/h, it takes 3
900 y = 5  − 9
hours to travel the same distance. 2
x−5
3
From the question, we have =−
2
900 900
− = 2. ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equation is
x −5 x
3 3
x= ,y=− . (1A)
2 2
61. D 62. B 63. E 64. D
65. D 66. B 67. D 68. C
69. B 70. D

56 Solutions
3. 52x + 1 − 4(5x) − 1 = 0 (b) 3x + 16 − x = 2

5  52x − 4(5x) − 1 = 0 3x + 16 = 2 + x
x 2 x 2
Let u = 5 . Then u = (5 ) = 5 . 2x
( 3x + 16 )2 = (2 + x)2 (1M)
2
The original equation becomes 3x + 16 = 4 + 4x + x
5u − 4u − 1 = 0
2
(1M) x + x − 12 = 0
2
(u − 1)(5u + 1) = 0 (x − 3)(x + 4) = 0 (1M)
u = 1 or −
1 x = 3 or −4 (rejected) (1A)
5
Since u = 5x,
7. D
1
5x = 1 or − (rejected) (1M) I. From the figure,
5
x=0 (1A) d = y-intercept of the graph of y = cx + d
>0
4. log2 (x + 1) + log2 (x − 2) = 2 k = y-intercept of the graph of y = ax2 + bx + k
log2 [(x + 1)(x − 2)] = log2 4 (1M) <0
∴ (x + 1)(x − 2) = 4 (1M) ∴ d>k
x −x−2=4
2 ∴ I must be true.
x2 − x − 6 = 0 II. The graph of y = ax2 + bx + k opens downward.
(x − 3)(x + 2) = 0 ∴ a<0
x = 3 or −2 (rejected) (1A) The graph of y = ax2 + bx + k has two x-intercepts.
i.e. ax2 + bx + k = 0 has two real roots.
5. 2 cos2 = 3 sin  ∴ >0
2(1 − sin2 ) = 3 sin  (1M) b2 − 4ak > 0
2 sin2  + 3 sin  − 2 = 0 b2 > 4ak
(2 sin  − 1)(sin  + 2) = 0 b2
< k (∵ a < 0)
2 sin  − 1 = 0 or sin  + 2 = 0 4a
1 ∴ II must be true.
sin  = or sin  = −2 (rejected)
2
 y = cx + d ..................................... (1)

(1M) III. 

 y = ax + bx + k .............................(2)
2
 = 30 or 180 − 30
= 30 or 150 (1A) Substitute (1) into (2).
cx + d = ax2 + bx + k
6. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. ax2 + (b − c)x + (k − d) = 0 .............. (3)
The original equation becomes ∵ The two graphs have no points of
u2 + 3u − 28 = 0 (1M) intersection.
(u − 4)(u + 7) = 0 ∴  of (3) < 0
u = 4 or −7 (b − c) − 4a(k − d) < 0
2
Since u = x2, (b − c)2 < 4a(k − d)
x2 = 4 or −7 (rejected) (1M) ∴ III must be true.
x = 2 (1A) ∴ I, II and III must be true.

8. D
1
tan x = +1
tan x
tan2 x = 1 + tan x
tan2 x − tan x − 1 = 0
− (−1)  (−1) 2 − 4(1)( −1)
∴ tan x =
2(1)
1+ 5 1− 5
= or
2 2
1+ 5
When tan x = ,
2
x = 58.282 5 or 180 + 58.282 5
= 58.28 or 238.28, cor. to 2 d.p.
1− 5
When tan x = ,
2
x = 180 − 31.717 5 or 360 − 31.717 5
= 148.28 or 328.28, cor. to 2 d.p.
∴ The equation has 4 roots.
9. C
Let x be the original number of members in the group.
600 600
− = 10
x−2 x
60 60
− =1
x−2 x
60 x − 60( x − 2)
=1
x( x − 2)
120
=1
x( x − 2)
120 = x(x − 2)
120 = x2 − 2x
x2 − 2x − 120 = 0
(x − 12)(x + 10) = 0
∴ The original number of members in the group is
12.

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2

Chapter 1 More about Equations

Q & A (P.1.2) 4 x − 3 y = 4 ....................(1)

© Oxford University Press 2015

8. x2 + 3x − 10 = 0 Instant Drill 2 (P.1.8)

Instant Drill 3 (P.1.9)

Instant Drill 1 (P.1.7)

© Oxford University Press 2015

and (4.0 , −2.0). 

Substitute (2) into (1). x = −1 (repeated)

x2 − (3 − x) + 1 = 0 Substitute x = −1 into (3).

x = −2 or 1 ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is

Substitute x = −2 into (2). x = −1, y = 2.

Substitute x = 1 into (2). 

From (1), y = 3 − 3x .............. (3) = −8

3 − 3x + 5 = x2 − x ∴ 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.

x2 + 2x − 8 = 0 i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real solutions.

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Instant Drill 8 (P.1.19) Instant Drill 9 (P.1.19)

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Instant Drill 12 (P.1.23) Instant Drill 14 (P.1.25)

© Oxford University Press 2015

Instant Drill 17 (P.1.27) Instant Drill 20 (P.1.29)

Instant Drill 21 (P.1.30)

© Oxford University Press 2015

Instant Drill 23 (P.1.31) (b) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .

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Instant Drill 27 (P.1.34) 3. Add the graph of y = x − 2 to the given figure.

− (−16)  (−16) 2 − 4(5)(8)

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© Oxford University Press 2015

Instant Drill Corner 1.3 (P.1.34) (x − 2)(x + 5) = 0

2x + 2 + x − 1 = −x2 + 1 log3 [(x − 6)x] = log3 16

2. Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. x = 8 or −2 (rejected)

The original equation becomes

(u − 1)(u + 9) = 0 sin  (2 sin  + 3 ) = 0

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Exercise 1A (P.1.11) 5. Add the graph of y = 2 to the given figure.

2. (a) From the figure, the point of intersection is

4. (a) From the figure, the two graphs have no points

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From the figure, the two graphs have no points of

From the figure, the point of intersection is

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11. (a) y = (x − 1)(4 − x)

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From the figure, the points of intersection are

From the figure, the points of intersection are

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From the figure, the point of intersection is

19. (a) Add the graph of y − x = 1 to the given figure.

From the figure, the points of intersection are

From the figure, the point of intersection is

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(b) For −  x  3, Substitute x = −1 into (2).

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© Oxford University Press 2015

© Oxford University Press 2015

Substitute (2) into (1). Substitute (1) into (2).

14. Rewrite the given equation as: 

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© Oxford University Press 2015

26. Rewrite the given equation as: