Clat Post July 2021

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I nternational Tiger Day

or Global Tiger Day is
observed every year on [1] to
summit and agreed on a “TX2”
commitment to double the
number of wild tigers by 2022.
2. According to the All India
Tiger Estimation Report
2018, how many tiger are

B. Only II
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
raise awareness about tiger Since then the tiger population there in India?
conservation. The day was has increased in several 4. Which of the following will
A. 1411
created at the Saint Petersburg countries including India,
B. 2508 replace [2] in the above
Tiger Summit in Russia in [2]. Nepal, Bhutan, and Russia.  The
The day aims to promote a passage?
Pilibhit Tiger Reserve (PTR) C. 2967
global system for protecting the and the Uttar Pradesh Forest A. Russia
D. 3235
natural habitats of tigers and department last year bagged the B. USA
to raise public awareness and first-ever international award, 3. Consider the following: C. China
support for tiger conservation TX2, for doubling the number I. Madhya Pradesh has the
issues. D. India
of tigers in four years against a Highest Number of tiger in
The population of wild tigers target of 10 years. India. 5. Which of the following is
had dropped by more than 95 II. Corbett Tiger Reserve the theme of the Global
per cent since the beginning 1. Which of the following will
(Uttarakhand) had the Tiger Day 2021?
of the 20th century. When the replace [1] in the above
largest population of tigers A. Valuing the wildlife
global tiger numbers in the wild passage? at about 231 in 2018.
hit an all-time low of as few A. 28th July B. Double the Population
as 3,200 individuals in 2010, Which of the above/is are
B. 29th July true? C. Aiding the Survival
the governments of all 13 tiger
range countries came together at C. 30th July A. Only I D. Their survival is in our
the world’s first-ever global tiger D. 1st August hands
1. B) 29th July Petersburg Tiger Summit in Russia Uttarakhand (442). During the same meeting it was
2. C) 2967 in 2010. With 2,967 tigers, India, four also decided to celebrate 29th
3. C) Both I and II The national tiger status assess- years in advance, has achieved the July as Global Tiger Day across
4. A) Russia ment of 2018-19 estimated the target set in the 2010 St Petersburg the world, which is since being
5. D) Their survival is in our overall tiger population in India Declaration of doubling tiger pop- celebrated to spread and generate
hands at 2,967 - 33% increase from 2014 ulation by 2022. India had around awareness on tiger conservation.
Explanation: (2,226). 1,400 tigers in 2006. There are currently 13 tiger range
The theme for the 2021 Interna- The 2018 census (once in every The Heads of the Governments countries - India, Bangladesh, Bhu-
tional Tiger Day is “Their survival four years) has set a Guinness of Tiger Range countries at St. tan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia,
is in our hands”. Last year, the day record for being the largest cam- Petersburg, Russia, had resolved to Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Ne-
was observed online due to the era-trap wildlife survey. double tiger numbers across their pal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam.
novel coronavirus pandemic, but Madhya Pradesh has the highest global range by 2022 by signing the
there was no lack of enthusiasm. number of tigers at 526, closely St. Petersburg declaration on tiger
The day was created at the Saint followed by Karnataka (524) and conservation.
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2 The CLAT Post • July 2021
Passage 2 A. Only I
T he UN General Assembly
approved its first-ever
resolution on vision Friday,

B. Only II
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
calling on its 193 member
nations to ensure access 5. Which of the following is
to eye care for everyone in not true?
their countries which would
contribute to a global effort to A. In UN General
help at least 1.1 billion people Assembly, decisions on
with vision impairment who important questions,
currently lack eye services by [1]. such as those on peace
and security, admission
It encourages countries to
of new members and
institute a “whole of government
1. Which of the following will B. Sustainable budgetary matters,
approach to eye care.” And it
replace [1] in the above Development Goal 2 require a two-thirds
calls on international financial
passage? majority of the General
institutions and donors to C. Sustainable
provide targeted financing, Assembly.
A. 2030 B. 2035 Development Goal 3
especially for developing B. There are Six Main
C. 2040 D. 2050 D. Sustainable
countries, to address the Organs of the United
Development Goal 4
increasing impact of vision 2. “Vision for Everyone” Nations
loss on economic and social 4. Consider the following
resolution was sponsored C. The UN Charter of
development. about UN General
by which of the following 1944 is the foundational
Assembly:
According to the resolution, “at countries? treaty of the United
least 2 billion people are living I. All 193 Member States Nations, as an
A. Bangladesh
with vision impairment or of the UN are represented inter-governmental
B. Ireland in the General Assembly,
blindness and 1.1 billion people organization.
have a vision impairment that C. Antigua making it the only UN
D. The Security Council
could have been prevented or is D. All of the above body with universal
is made up of fifteen
yet to be addressed.” representation.
3. Health is placed under member states,
“Global eye care needs II. The President of the consisting of five
which of the following General Assembly is elected
are projected to increase permanent members
Sustainable Development each year by assembly to
substantially, with half the global and ten non-permanent
Goals? serve a one-year term of
population expected to be living members.
with a vision impairment by A. Sustainable office. Which of the above
2050,” the resolution says. Development Goal 1 is/are true?
1. A) 2030 to achieve the overall health goal, Assembly session, and general (Economic and Financial),
2. D) All of the above ‘we must achieve universal health debate, which many heads of state (3) Third Committee (Social,
3. C) Sustainable Development coverage (UHC) and access to attend and address. Humanitarian, and Cultural),
Goal 3 quality health care. No one must Decisions on important questions, (4) Fourth Committee (Special
4. C) Both I and II be left behind’. such as those on peace and Political and Decolonization), (5)
5. C) The UN Charter of 1944 is General Assembly security, admission of new Fifth Committee (Administrative
the foundational treaty of the The UN Charter of 1945 is the members and budgetary matters, and Budgetary), (6)Sixth
United Nations, as an inter- foundational treaty of the United require a two-thirds majority of Committee (Legal).
governmental organization. Nations, as an inter-governmental the General Assembly. Each Member State may be
Explanation: organization. Decisions on other questions are represented by one person on each
The “Vision for Everyone” The General Assembly is the main by simple majority. Main Committee and on any other
resolution, sponsored by deliberative, policymaking and The President of the General committee that may be established
Bangladesh, Antigua, and Ireland, representative organ of the UN. Assembly is elected each year by upon which all Member States have
and co-sponsored by over 100 All 193 Member States of the UN assembly to serve a one-year term the right to be represented.
countries, was adopted by are represented in the General of office. Member States may also assign
consensus by the world body. Assembly, making it the only UN 6 Main Committees: Draft advisers, technical advisers,
Health is well placed in the SDGs. body with universal representation. resolutions can be prepared for the experts or persons of similar status
The health goal (SDG 3) is broad: Each year, in September, the General Assembly by its six main to these committees.
‘Ensure healthy lives and promote full UN membership meets in committees: (1) First Committee
well-being for all at all ages’. The the General Assembly Hall in (Disarmament and International
SDG declaration emphasizes that New York for the annual General Security), (2) Second Committee
Passage 3
T he International Monetary
Fund (IMF) has sharply
scaled down India’s economic
growth projection by 300 basis
points to [1] per cent for the
current financial year from 12.5
per cent estimated earlier in
April. IMF said the downward
revision is owing to “lack of
access to vaccines” and possibility
of renewed waves of coronavirus.
“Growth prospects in India have
been downgraded following the
severe second Covid wave during
March–May and expected slow
recovery in confidence from that
setback,” IMF said in the latest
edition of its flagship [2] report,
released on Tuesday.
IMF’s projections for India in the
current fiscal are similar to the
Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s),
but moderately optimistic than
those of World Bank.
The World Bank projected India’s
economy to grow at 8.3 per cent
in 2021 and 7.5 per cent in 2022,
even as its recovery is being
hampered by an unprecedented
second wave of the COVID-19. A. OECD B. 2011 D. Ease of Doing Business
B. World Bank C. 2012 Report
1. Which of the following will
replace [1] in the above C. Asian Development D. 2015 5. The same report has
passage? Bank retained its Global Growth
4. Which of the above will
Forecast at?
A. 9.5% D. New Development Bank replace [2] in the above
passage? A. 8%
B. 8.5 % 3. IMF’s mandate was updated
A. Global Financial B. 7%
C. 11% in which year to include
Stability Report C. 6%
D. 9.8% all macroeconomic and
financial sector issues that B. World Outlook Report D. 4.2%
2. IMF along with which of bear on global stability? C. World Development
the following is known as Report
A. 2010
Bretton Woods Twins?
1. A) 9.5% While re-calibrating its forecast other. reconstruction of war-ravaged

2. B) World Bank IMF considered two major factors The Fund’s mandate was countries.
3. C) 2012 which are access to vaccines and updated in 2012 to include all The two organisations were agreed
4. B) World Outlook Report risk of new Corona-variants. macroeconomic and financial to be set up at a conference in
5. C) 6% sector issues that bear on global Bretton Woods in the US. Hence,
The IMF’s primary purpose is stability. they are known as the Bretton
The latest edition of the to ensure the stability of the Reports by IMF: Woods twins.
International Monetary Fund’s international monetary system Global Financial Stability Report Created in 1945, the IMF is
(IMF) World Economic Outlook — the system of exchange rates World Economic Outlook governed by and accountable to
has cut its 2021 growth forecast and international payments that The IMF was set up along with the 189 countries that make up
for India to 9.5% from 12.5% enables countries (and their the World Bank after the Second its near-global membership. India
estimated earlier in April 2021. citizens) to transact with each World War to assist in the joined on 27th December, 1945.
Passage 4 true?
T aiwan will set up its first

office in Europe using the
name “Taiwan,” drawing a rebuke

A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Both I and II
from China and praise from
the US as the island democracy D. Neither I nor II
seeks to strengthen its diplomatic
presence around the globe in the 4. Which of the following
face of pressure from Beijing. is not true regarding to
Taiwan?
The government in Taipei will
open its office in the Baltic nation A. Taiwan is Asia’s 5th
of [1], Taiwan’s Foreign Minister largest economy.
Joseph Wu said at a briefing. “[1] B. Taiwan is the most
has firmly believed in universal populous state that is
values such as democracy, not a member of the
freedom and human rights, United Nations (UN)
and is a like-mined partner of and the largest economy
Taiwan,” Wu said. “Taiwan and outside the UN.
[1] are both at the strategic front C. Taiwan’s neighbours
line to safeguard democratic and include China (officially
free regimes.” D. Latvia China’s position that
there is only one Chinese the People’s Republic
Beijing’s Taiwan Affairs Office 2. Taiwan’s other diplomatic of China, PRC) to
government. Under the
called the [1] office an attempt outposts on the European the west, Japan to the
policy, China sees Taiwan
at seeking independence, and it continent are under which northeast, and the
as a breakaway province
urged the Baltic nation to adhere of the following names? Philippines to the south.
to be reunified with the
to the one-China principle.
A. Taipei mainland. D. Taiwan and India have
China firmly opposes any formal
B. Republic of China II. Taiwan (Republic formal diplomatic
relations between other countries
of China) calls itself a Relationship since 1994.
with Taiwan,” Foreign Ministry C. Autonomous Region of
spokesman Zhao Lijian. Taiwan democratic, self-ruled
5. China and Taiwan separated
country, however,
1. Which of the following will D. Province of Mainland amid Civil War in which of
according to the “One
replace [1] in the above China the following years?
China” policy, Beijing
passage? considers Taiwan a A. 1949
3. Consider the following
A. Belgium about One China Policy: province of Mainland B. 1947
B. Albania I. It is the diplomatic China. C. 1955
C. Lithuania acknowledgement of Which of the above is/are D. 1967
1. C) Lithuania forward a formula, known as “one position that there is only one economy outside the UN.
2. A) Taipei country, two systems”, under which Chinese government. Under the Taiwan is Asia’s 5th largest
3. C) Both I and II Taiwan would be given significant policy, China sees Taiwan as a economy.
4. D) Taiwan and India have autonomy if it accepted Chinese breakaway province to be reunified It is a global leader in chip
formal diplomatic reunification. with the mainland. manufacture and the second-
Relationship since 1994. • The One-China policy refers to Taiwan - the Republic of China largest manufacturer of IT
5. A) 1949. the policy or view that there is only (ROC), home to twenty-three hardware, etc.
Explanation: one state called “China”, despite the million people, is an island off the India and Taiwan do not maintain
China and Taiwan separated existence of two governments that southern coast of China that has formal diplomatic relations. The
amid civil war in 1949 and China claim to be “China”. been governed independently from areas of cooperation between India
considers Taiwan part of its • As a policy, this means that mainland China since 1949. and Taiwan have been limited due
territory to be taken control of by countries seeking diplomatic Its neighbours include China to negligible political relations.
force if necessary. relations with People’s Republic (officially the People’s Republic of From 1995 to 2014, the bilateral
But Taiwan’s leaders say that of China (PRC, Mainland China) China, PRC) to the west, Japan to trade turnover has grown manifold
Taiwan is a sovereign state. must break official relations with the northeast, and the Philippines from just $934 million to $5.91
After decades of hostile intentions the Republic of China (ROC, to the south. billion.
and angry rhetoric, relations Taiwan) and vice versa. Taiwan is the most populous state
between China and Taiwan started • It is the diplomatic that is not a member of the United
improving in the 1980s. China put acknowledgement of China’s Nations (UN) and the largest
Passage 5
D holavira, the Harappan

City in the Rann of
Kutch, has been inscribed on
UNESCO’s World Heritage List,
making it the “40th treasure”
in India to earn the special
recognition. The news has
created a huge buzz online, with
Dholavira dominating trends
on social media.
Discovered in [1], the site
is known for its unique
characteristics, such as its water
management system, multi-
layered defensive mechanisms,
extensive use of stone in
construction and special burial
structures, UNESCO stated
while including it in its special
list.
According to a press release by Kakatiyan culture. Both sites A. Italy 4. Other than Dholavira,
the Ministry of Culture, India make great contributions to the which of the following
B. France
submitted the nomination shared heritage of humanity,” is/are UNESCO World
for Dholavira to the World C. U.K.
Eric Falt, UNESCO New Delhi Heritage Sites in Gujarat?
Heritage Centre in January, Director, said in a statement. D. China
A. Historic city of
2020. The site was on the
3. Consider the following about Ahmedabad
UNESCO’s tentative list since 1. Which of the following will
2014. replace [1] in the above Dholavira: B. Rani ki Vav, Patan
Along with Gujarat’s Dholavira, passage? I. It was discovered by C. Champaner & Pavagadh
[2] in Telangana was also A. 1968 archaeologist Jagat Pati D. All of the above
inscribed in the list during the Joshi.
B. 1990
44th session of the UNESCO II. Dholavira’s location is on 5. Which of the following will
C. 1992 replace [2] in the above
World Heritage Committee in the Tropic of Cancer.
Fuzhou, China. D. 1998 passage?
Which of the above is/are true?
“While the Harappan city of A. Rudreswara Temple
2. India has entered the A. Only I
Dholavira has borne witness to Super-40 club for World B. Ajanta Caves
B. Only II
the entire trajectory of the rise Heritage Site inscriptions. C. Buddhist Sites at Sanchi
and fall of an early civilization C. Both I and II
Which of the following D. Fatehpur Sikri
of humankind, the [2] stands Countries is not one of the D. Neither I nor II
as an outstanding marvel of the Super-40 Members?
1. A) 1968 India now enters the Super-40 settlements in South Asia. o Champaner & Pavagadh
2. C) U.K. club for World Heritage Site o It was discovered in 1968 by Rudreswara Temple, (also known
3. C) Both I and II inscriptions. archaeologist Jagat Pati Joshi. as the Ramappa Temple) at Mulugu
4. D) All of the above • Apart from India, Italy, Spain, o After Mohen-jo-Daro, district, Telangana has been
5. A) Rudreswara Temple Germany, China and France have Ganweriwala and Harappa in inscribed on UNESCO’s World
Explanation: 40 or more World Heritage sites. Pakistan and Rakhigarhi in Heritage list.
Recently, UNESCO has announced • India has 40 world heritage sites Haryana of India, Dholavira is the • Ramappa Temple was proposed
the Harappan city of Dholavira overall, which includes 32 cultural, fifth largest metropolis of Indus by the government as its only
in Gujarat as India’s 40th world 7 natural and one mixed property. Valley Civilization (IVC). nomination for the UNESCO
heritage site. It is the first site of Ramappa Temple (Telangana) was • Other than Dholavira, there are World Heritage site tag for the year
Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) in India’s 39th World Heritage Site. 3 UNESCO World Heritage Sites 2019.
India to be included on the coveted About Dholavira: in Gujarat.
list. o It is one of the most remarkable o Historic city of Ahmedabad
• With this successful nomination, and well-preserved urban o Rani ki Vav, Patan
Passage 6
I ndia’s low spending on public

healthcare systems and focus
on supporting private healthcare
has led to serious inequalities in
access to healthcare, especially
during the Covid 19 pandemic,
according to a new study.
The [1]— ‘Inequality Report
2021: India’s Unequal Healthcare
Story’ — released on Tuesday
says that states attempting to
reduce existing inequalities and
with higher expenditure on
health had lower confirmed cases
of Covid-19.
“There are two facets to what we
have found. First is states that
have for the past few years been B. Oxfam India report which City has recorded based on secondary
reducing inequalities, such as C. Amnesty International the highest percentage of analysis from rounds 3 and
inequalities to access to health Report adults with a poor Quality 4 of the National Family
between the general category and of Life score? Health Survey and various
D. World Health
SC and ST populations, have less A. Mumbai rounds of the National
Organisation Report
confirmed cases of Covid – such Sample Survey.
B. Bangalore
as Telangana, Himachal Pradesh 2. A Study conducted by II. Overall improvement in
and Rajasthan. On the other C. Kolkata
Danone India, and Infant mortality rate (IMR)
hand, states that have had higher Confederation of Indian D. Delhi is not equal across social
GDP expenditure on health, such Industry (CII) has reported groups. Dalits, Adivasis and
as Assam, Bihar and Goa, have 4. Which of the following will
how many per cent of OBCs have higher IMR as
higher recovery rates of Covid replace [2] in the above
Indians living poor quality compared to the general
cases,’’ said Apoorva Mahendra, passage?
of life? category.
researcher at Oxfam India and A. Kerala
one of the authors of the report. A. 46.2% Which of the above is/are
B. Karnataka correct?
The report marks [2] as a success B. 51.2%
C. Delhi A. Only I
story in handling the pandemic. C. 34.1%
D. Tamil Nadu B. Only II
D. 24%
5. Consider the following C. Both I and II
replace [1] in the above 3. In the Study by the Danone
passage? about the report published D. Neither I nor II
India and Confederation
by [1]:
A. Greenpeace India of Indian Industry (CII),
I. The findings are primarily
1. B) Oxfam India report The findings are primarily based state of Kerala as a success story adults have reported a poor quality
2. A) 46.2% on secondary analysis from rounds in the handling of the COVID-19 of life. That is 46.2% Indians.
3. C) Kolkata 3 and 4 of the National Family pandemic. The city of Kolkata has recorded
4. A) Kerala Health Survey and various rounds A study conducted by Danone the highest percentage of adults
5. C) Both I and II of the National Sample Survey. India, a French packaged foods (65%) with a poor Quality of Life
Explanation: Infant Mortality Rate: Overall and beverages company, along with score.
The report titled “India Inequality improvement in Infant mortality Confederation of Indian Industry Kolkata was followed by Chennai
Report 2021: India’s Unequal rate (IMR) is not equal across (CII), has gauged the standard of (49.8%), Delhi (48.5%), Patna
Healthcare Story” released by social groups. Dalits, Adivasis psychological and physical, social (46.2%), Hyderabad (44.4%),
Oxfam India shows that the and OBCs have higher IMR as relationships, and environment Lucknow (40%) and Indore
socio-economic inequalities compared to the general category. among more than 2,700 adults in (39.2%).
seep into the health sector and IMR for Adivasis is 44.4 which India. It came up with the report The city of Mumbai had the
disproportionately affect health is 40% more than the general that 46.2% Indians report a poor highest percentage of adults (68%)
outcomes of marginalised category and 10% more than the quality of life. who recorded having a good
communities due to the absence of national average. This report has revealed that quality of life
Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The Oxfam report has marked the nearly one out of every two Indian
Passage 7 cyber security issues.
F or over a week since July

18, a global consortium
of 17 media organisations
II. Budapest Convention
on Cybercrime is an
international treaty
reported a leaked list of over that seeks to address
50,000 phone numbers in Internet and computer
more than 45 countries that crime (cybercrime) by
were potentially targeted for harmonizing national laws,
surveillance by misusing Pegasus, improving investigative
an Israeli-made spyware that its techniques, and increasing
manufacturer says is sold only to cooperation among
state actors for tracking organised nations. It came into force
criminals and terrorists. on 1st July 2008.
In India, the names of 125 Which of the above is/are
potential targets out of 300-odd correct?
verified ones from over 2,000
Indian numbers found on the A. Only I
leaked list have been made B. Only II
public. C. Both I and II
Pegasus Software? in which of the following
The government has denied years? D. Neither I nor II
“unauthorised interception” and A. ASSAI
described the Pegasus Project as B. NSO Group A. 2010 5. The Personal Data
a “fishing expedition, based on C. Oracle B. 2012 Protection (PDP) Bill, 2019
conjectures and exaggerations C. 2015 introduced by the Indian
D. Symantec Corporation
to malign the Indian democracy Government is based on
D. 2017
and its institutions”. 2. Pegasus infections can be the draft version prepared
While the media consortium achieved through which of 4. Consider the following by which of the following
that published the Pegasus the following? about the International committes?
Project investigation pointed A. Zero-Click Attacks Organisations/treaties A. Justice BN Krishna
to the very specific nature of formed to handle cyber- Committee
B. Cross-Site Scripting
Pegasus’s clientele to imply illegal attacks: B. Justice VR Rao
state surveillance on dissidents, C. Denial of Service attacks
I. International Committee
activists, politicians, lawyers, and D. SQL Injection Telecommunication Union
journalists at a global scale, it C. Justice HR Krishnan
is a specialized agency Committee
did not offer any insight into the 3. National Cyber security
within the United Nations
nature or reliability of the leak, Coordination Centre D. Justice DY
which plays a leading role
ostensibly to protect the source. was set up in India to Chandrachud
in the standardization
scan internet traffic and Committee
1. Which of the following is and development of
communication metadata
the manufacturer of the telecommunications and
1. B) NSO Group information and relay it back to “zero-click” attacks, which do not investigative techniques, and
2. A) Zero-Click Attacks whoever it is that is using the require any interaction from the increasing cooperation among
3. D) 2017 software to spy. phone’s owner in order to succeed. nations. It came into force on 1st
4. A) Only I Pegasus has been developed by the International Mechanisms: July 2004.
5. A) Justice BN Krishna Israeli firm NSO Group that was International Telecommunication India is not a signatory to this
Committee set up in 2010. Union (ITU): It is a specialized convention.
Explanation: The earliest version of Pegasus agency within the United Nations The Personal Data Protection
Recently, it has been reported that discovered, which was captured which plays a leading role in the (PDP) Bill, 2019 is the India’s first
Pegasus, the malicious software, by researchers in 2016, infected standardization and development attempt to domestically legislate on
has allegedly been used to secretly phones through what is called of telecommunications and cyber the issue of data protection.
monitor and spy on an extensive spear-phishing – text messages security issues. The Bill derives its inspiration
host of public figures in India. or emails that trick a target into Budapest Convention on from a previous draft version
It is a type of malicious software or clicking on a malicious link. Cybercrime: It is an international prepared by a committee headed
malware classified as a spyware. Since then, however, NSO’s attack treaty that seeks to address by retired Justice B N Srikrishna.
It is designed to gain access to capabilities have become more Internet and computer crime However, the present bill differs
devices, without the knowledge advanced. Pegasus infections can (cybercrime) by harmonizing from what was recommended by
of users, and gather personal be achieved through so-called national laws, improving Justice B N Srikrishna committee.
Passage 8 “The parties agreed to meet in 3. The Belt Road Initiative I. Western critics have
T he United States, [1], the coming months to determine was launched by Chinese attacked the initiative
Pakistan, and Uzbekistan, the modalities of this cooperation President Xi Jinping in as new colonialism, or
have agreed in principle to with mutual consensus,” said the which of the following Marshal Plan for the 21st
establish a new quadrilateral State Department. years? century.
diplomatic platform focused on A. 2011 II. BRI is also being seen
enhancing regional connectivity, B. 2013 as a part of China’s debt
replace [1] in the above
the Biden administration has trap policy, wherein China
passage? C. 2015
said. intentionally extends
“The parties consider long- A. Iran D. 2017 excessive credit to another
term peace and stability in [1] B. Iraq country with the intention
4. Which of the following
critical to regional connectivity C. Afghanistan of extracting economic or
has become the first G7
and agree that peace and D. Egypt political concessions from
Country to join the Belt
regional connectivity are the debtor country.
and Road Initiative?
mutually reinforcing,” the State 2. Which of the following is Which of the following is/
Department said on Friday. not one of the Countries A. United Kingdom
are true?
Recognising the historic which with [1] shares its B. France
A. Only I
opportunity to open flourishing borders? C. Italy
interregional trade routes, the B. Only II
A. China D. Germany
parties intend to cooperate to C. Both I and II
B. Tajikistan
expand trade, build transit links, 5. Consider the following D. Neither I nor II
and strengthen business-to- C. Turkmenistan about Belt and Road
business ties, it said. D. Iraq Initiative:
1. C) Afghanistan Afghanistan is bordered by been the crossroads of commerce launched by Chinese President Xi
2. D) Iraq Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and between Asian countries by Jinping when he came to power in
3. B) 2013 Tajikistan to the north, Pakistan connecting them to Europe and 2013.
4. C) Italy towards the east and south, Iran enhancing religious, cultural and The initiative aims to link
5. C) Both I and II to the west and China to the commercial contacts. Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the
Explanation: northeast. • Afghanistan is located at the Gulf region, Africa and Europe
Italy has become the first G7 • The land-locked nation’s location heart of the historic silk road. with a network of land and sea
country to join China’s Belt & has for a long time been seen as What is Belt Road Initiative routes.
Road Initiative (previously known a competitive advantage for the (BRI)?
as One Belt One Road (OBOR) country. The Belt Road Initiative (BRI) is
Initiative). • Afghanistan has since long a multi-billion-dollar initiative
Passage 9
T he Indian Space Research

Organisation (ISRO)
on Wednesday successfully
conducted the third long-
duration hot test of the liquid
propellant [1] engine for the
Gaganyaan programme, the
country’s first manned mission
to space.
The test was done for the core
L110 liquid stage of the human-
rated GSLV MkIII vehicle, as
part of the engine qualification
requirements for the Gaganyaan
programme, the space agency
said in a statement.
The engine was fired for [2] at the
test facility of ISRO Propulsion
Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri, 2. Consider the following owned Glavkosmos Correct?
Tamil Nadu, said the statement. Statements and choose the signed a deal in June A. Only I
correct? 2019 to provide Russian
The performance of the engine B. Only II
A. Gaganyaan mission will support in selection
met the test objectives and the C Both I and II
be launched through of candidates, their
engine parameters were closely D. Neither I nor II
a three-stage heavy lift medical examination
matching with the predictions
launch vehicle called and space training.
during the entire duration of the 4. Which of the following will
test, it said. GSLV Mk III or LVM- D. All of the above replace [2] in the above
3 (Launch Vehicle passage?
The objective of the Gaganyaan 3. Consider the following
Mark-3) because it
programme is to demonstrate the about Gaganyaan Mission: A. 120 Seconds
capability to send humans to low has necessary payload
capability. I. Gaganyaan system B. 300 Seconds
earth orbit onboard an Indian
launch vehicle and bring them B. ISRO have planned module called Orbital C. 100 Seconds
back to earth. to fly two human Module will carry three D. 240 seconds
rated unmanned Indian astronauts,
1. Which of the following will GSLV-Mk III rockets including a woman. 5. Who among the following is
replace [1] in the above before sending Indian II. Spaceflight will move the Chairman of the ISRO?
passage? astronauts in third around the Earth for 5 to 7 A. A.S. Kiran Kumar
A. Udan rocket. days at low-earth-orbit at B. K. Sivan
B. Vikas C. Human Space Flight an altitude of 300-400 km
from Earth. C. K. Radhakrishnan
C. SCE-200 Centre of ISRO and
Which of the above is/are D. Shailesh Nayak
Russian government-
D. Merlin
1. A) Udan space mission Gaganyaan. • ISRO have planned to fly two including a woman. Spaceflight
2. D) All of the above • Third long duration hot test of human rated unmanned GSLV-Mk will move around the Earth for 5
3. C) Both I and II liquid propellant Vikas Engine was III rockets before sending Indian to 7 days at low-earth-orbit at an
4. D) 240 seconds conducted for core L110 liquid astronauts in third rocket. altitude of 300-400 km from Earth.
5. B) K. Sivan stage (engine) of human rated Gaganyaan Mission Dr. K. Sivan, Chairman ISRO /
Explanation: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Gaganyaan Mission is planned Secretary DOS inaugurated three
Indian Space Research Vehicle Mk III (GSLV Mk III). by Indian Space Research Space Technology Incubation
Organisation (ISRO) has • This test was a part of engine Organisation (ISRO). Under the Centre and dedicated it to the
successfully conducted the third qualification requirements for mission three flights will be sent Nation on March 18, 2021, in an
long duration hot test of liquid fuel Gaganyaan Programme. into orbit. It will comprise of two online programme held amongst
powered, Vikas Engine. • Engine was fired for 240 seconds unmanned flights and one human ISRO and the esteemed National
Highlights at engine test facility of ISRO spaceflight. Gaganyaan system Institute of Technology’s.
• With this testing, ISRO has Propulsion Complex (IPRC), module called Orbital Module
moved further for its first human Mahendragiri in Tamil Nadu. will carry three Indian astronauts,
Passage 10
I n September the EU
Commission set out its
blueprint for reaching the 55%
reduction by 2030, and said
at least 30% of the EU’s €1.8tn
(£1.64tn; $2.2tn) long-term
budget would be spent on
climate-related measures.
The targets are part of a global
effort to tackle climate change by
cutting atmospheric pollution,
especially carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions.
The Paris climate deal, signed
in 2016, aims to keep global
temperature rise well under
2C, and preferably within a
maximum rise of [1], to prevent
the worst effects of climate
change.
The scale of this 12-pronged plan
is breath-taking. It will likely have
an impact on every citizen of
Europe in almost every aspect of
their lives.
The scope is so huge because the also known as which of the 3. The COP26 is scheduled to 5. Consider the following
target is so tough. following? take place at which of the about Paris Climate
From 1990 to 2019 the EU cut A. Fit for 2050 Package following places? Agreement:
carbon emissions by 24% - now it A. Belgium I. It was adopted by 196
proposes to slash CO2 by another B. Net-Zero Emission
Package B. U.K. countries at Conference of
31% in just 9 years. That’s what’s
the Parties COP 21 in Paris
needed if the 2050 net-zero target C. Fit for 55 Package C. Italy
in December 2015.
is to be achieved. D. None of the above D. France
II. India has a low carbon
So as well as boosting
2. Which of the following will 4. Which of the following emission contribution of
renewables, the EU is now set
replace [1] in the above Countries has the highest only 3%.
to tackle the really tough issues
of home heating and transport. passage? Greenhouse Gas Emission Which of the above is/are
The proposals would see the end A. 1.5C in the World? Correct?
to new petrol and diesel cars by B. 1C A. China A. Only I
2035. B. USA B. Only II
C. 1.8C
1. The New Climate Proposal D. 2.5 C C. European Union C. Both I and II
if the European Union is D. India D. Neither I nor II
1. C) Fit for 55 Package Determined Contribution (NDC) change. aim to reach global peaking of
2. A) 1.5C under the Paris Agreement. The Adoption: It was adopted by greenhouse gas emissions as soon
3. B) U.K. EU’s NDC target is to reduce 196 countries at Conference of as possible to achieve a climate-
4. A) China greenhouse gas emissions by the Parties COP 21 in Paris in neutral world by mid-century.
5. C) Both I and II 55% below 1990 levels by 2030. December 2015. China has the highest GHG
Explanation: It has also set a long-term goal Goal: To limit global warming emissions (30%) while the US
Recently, the European Union of achieving carbon neutrality by to well below 2° Celsius, and contributes 13.5% and the EU
(EU) released a new climate 2050. preferably limit it to 1.5° Celsius, 8.7%.
proposal, the Fit for 55 package. Paris Climate Accord compared to pre-industrial levels.
The EU in December 2020 Legal status: It is a legally binding Objective: To achieve the long-
submitted a revised Nationally international treaty on climate term temperature goal, countries
Passage 11
T he United Nations on
Monday lamented what it
called a “dramatic worsening”
of world hunger last year, saying
much of that is likely connected
to the pandemic.
A report issued jointly by five UN
agencies said hunger outpaced
population growth in 2020, with
nearly [1] of all people estimated
to be undernourished. It said
the sharpest rise in hunger
came in Africa, where 21% of
the people are estimated to be
undernourished.
Children paid a high price, with
149 millions of those younger
than five estimated be have
stunted growth since they are too
short for their age. More than
45 million children are too thin
for their height. “A full 3 billion
adults and children remain
locked out of healthy diets,
largely due to excessive costs,” the B. 10% organisations publishes the A. Sustainable
UN agencies said. Global Food Policy Report Development Goal 2
C. 15%
“In many parts of the world, the 2021? B. Sustainable
D. 20%
pandemic has triggered brutal A. International Fund for Development Goal 3
recessions and jeopardised 2. Which of the following Agriculture C. Sustainable
access to food,” the United organisations is not one
Nations said in a summary of B. Food and Agriculture Development Goal 4
of the publisher of “State Organisation
its findings. “Yet even before the D. Sustainable
of Food Security and
pandemic, hunger was spreading; C. Global Food Research Development Goal 5
Nutrition in the World
progress on malnutrition lagged.” Institute
2021 report”? 5. What is the Rank of India
“Disturbingly, in 2020 hunger D. International Food
shot up in both absolute and A. Food and Agriculture in Global Hunger Index,
Policy Research
proportional terms, outpacing Organization 2020?
Institute
population growth,” the report’s B. World Food Programme A. 94th
authors concluded. C. International Fund for 4. The Report also mentions B. 99th
Agricultural that the world is not on
1. Which of the following will C. 101st
track to achieve which of
replace [1] in the above D. Greenpeace D. 98th
the following Sustainable
passage? Development Goals?
A. 5%
1. B) 10% impact of Covid-19 pandemic- Earlier, the Global Food Policy to achieve sustainable development
2. D) Greenpeace induced income loss on food Report 2021 (released by the goals (eliminating poverty (SDG
3. D) International Food Policy intake and malnutrition. International Food Policy Research 1) and hunger (SDG 2)) targets for
Research Institute The report is presented by the Institute (IFPRI)) stated that the any of the nutrition indicators by
4. B) Sustainable Development Food and Agriculture Organization impacts of rising poverty and 2030.
Goal 3 of the United Nations, the reduced livelihoods are reflected In the 2020 Global Hunger Index,
5. A) 94th International Fund for Agricultural clearly in rising levels of food India ranks 94th out of the 107
Explanation: Development, the United Nations insecurity and decreasing diet countries with sufficient data to
A report titled ‘The State of Food Children’s Fund, the World Food quality. calculate 2020 GHI scores.
Security Nutrition in the World Programme and the World Health Likely to Miss SDG Targets:
2021 (SOFI)’ has studied the Organization. Globally, the world is not on track
about [1]:
I. It is neither a place with a
PIN code nor a name given
formally to any region.
II. The name derives from
an OBC community with
a significant presence in
these districts.
Which of the above is/are
true?
A. Only I
B. Only II
C. Both I and II
D. Neither I nor II
3. Which article of
Constitution of India
provides for Creation of
New States?
A. Article 3
B. Article 5
C. Article 7
D. Article 11

passage?
A. Sangam literature
Passage 12 succeed. Coimbatore, Tirupur, Erode,
B. Purananuru
A list of new Union Cabinet ‘[1]’ is neither a place with a PIN Karur, Namakkal and Salem,
ministers issued by the BJP code nor a name given formally as well as Oddanchatram C. Sama Veda
has triggered a debate in political to any region. It is a commonly and Vedasandur in Dindgul D. Upnishads
circles in Tamil Nadu, as well used name for part of western district, and Pappireddipatti in 5. Which of the following
as on social media, by referring Tamil Nadu. Dharmapuri district.
Articles of the Constitution
to ‘[1]’, the informal name for In Tamil literature, it was referred of India divides power
a region in the western part to as one of the five regions between the Centre and
of the state. The list mentions of ancient Tamil Nadu. There States?
passage?
new minister L Murugan as were mentions of ‘[1]’ in [2] as a
A. Kangan Nadu A. Article 245
hailing from ‘[1]’. This has led to separate territory.
allegations that the BJP of trying B. Kongu Nadu B. Article 248
In the present state of Tamil
to bifurcate the state, with the C. Karren Nadu C. Article 251
Nadu, the term is informally
ruling DMK-Congress alliance D. Article 255
used to refer to a region that D. Kalapalli Nadu
saying the “agenda” will not
includes the districts of Nilgiris, 2. Consider the following
1. B) Kongu Nadu by referring to ‘Kongu Nadu’, the regions of ancient Tamil Nadu. Namakkal, Salem, Tirupur and
2. C) Both I and II informal name for a region in the • There were mentions of ‘Kongu Coimbatore.
3. A) Article 3 western part of the state. Nadu’ in Sangam literature as a Article 3 of the Constitution of
4. A) Sangam literature • ‘Kongu Nadu’ is neither a place separate territory. India dives and defines further and
5. A) Article 245 with a PIN code nor a name given • The name derives from Kongu authorises the Indian Parliament
Explanation: formally to any region. Vellala Gounder, an OBC to form new states; alter the area,
A list of new Union Cabinet • It is a commonly used name for community with a significant boundaries or names of existing
ministers issued has triggered a part of western Tamil Nadu. presence in these districts. states by legislation.
debate in political circles in Tamil • In Tamil literature, it was • The region includes prominent The scheme of distribution in
Nadu, as well as on social media, referred to as one of the five businesses and industrial hubs at India (articles 245-246).
Passage 13 Affairs Biological Diversity, Index 2.0)?
T he Sustainable Development B. UN Department on 1992 A. Ministry of

Goals Report 2021, launched Humanitarian, and C. UN Convention Environment, Forest
on Tuesday at UN Headquarters Cultural Issues on Environmental and Climate Change
in New York, shows the toll that C. UN Department on Protection B. NITI Aayog
the COVID-19 pandemic has Special Political and D. Stoltenberg
taken on the 2030 Agenda, as C. Greenpeace India
Decolonization Commission
the landmark annual High-Level D. National Development
Political Forum (HLPF) officially D. UN Department on 3. How many Sustainable Council
got underway. Read our curtain- Administrative and Development Goals are
5. Earth Summit was held
raiser story here. Budgetary Issues there?
in which of the following
In addition to the almost four A. 15 places?
million deaths due to the Convention/Commission B. 17 A. London
coronavirus, between 119-124 gave the widely accepted C. 19 B. Paris
million people were pushed back definition of “sustainable D. 21 C. Kyoto
into poverty and chronic hunger, development”?
and the equivalent of 255 million 4. Which of the following D. Rio De Janerio
full-time jobs were lost, the A. Brundtland
Commission releases the Sustainable
report indicates. Development Goals
“The pandemic has halted, or B. Convention on
(SDGs) India Index (SDG
reversed, years, or even decades
of development progress. Global
extreme poverty rose for the first
time since 1998”, said UN Under-
Secretary-General Liu Zhenmin,
during the launch.
Moreover, disruptions to
essential health services have
threatened years of progress
in improving maternal and
child health, increasing
immunization coverage, and
reducing communicable and
non-communicable diseases.
Around 90% of countries are still
reporting one or more significant
disruptions to essential health
services.

published the Sustainable
Development Goals Report
2021?
A. UN Department of
Economic and Social
1. A) UN Department of by UN department of Economic the needs of the present without targets.

Economic and Social and Social Affairs (UN DESA). compromising the ability of future 2020 will be the 5th anniversary
Affairs It was launched at 2021 session generations to meet their own of the adoption of SDGs by the
2. A) Brundtland of High-level Political Forum on needs.” United Nations (UN).
Commission Sustainable Development (HLPF). NITI Aayog has released the The United Nations Conference
3. B) 17 There are 17 Sustainable second edition of the Sustainable on Environment and Development
4. B) NITI Aayog Development Goals. Development Goals (SDGs) India (UNCED), also known as the
5. D) Rio De Janerio The concept of sustainable Index (SDG Index 2.0). ‘Earth Summit’, was held in Rio
Explanation: development was described by The index documents the progress de Janeiro, Brazil, from 3-14 June
Sustainable Development Goals the 1987 Brundtland Commission made by India’s States and UTs 1992.
Report 2021 was recently published Report as “development that meets towards achieving the 2030 SDG
Passage 14
T he Myanmar military,
also known as the [1],
appears to have returned to its
[2] strategy in a bid to stamp
out resistance to its rule, after
seizing power from the elected
government in a coup on
February 1.
Kim Jolliffe, an independent
researcher focused on security
and conflict in Myanmar,
says the [2] strategy was first
developed in the 1960s when
the [1] was struggling to fight
the Communist Party of Burma
and the Karen National Union,
Myanmar’s oldest ethnic armed
group.
At the time, it was particularly
used in the Ayeyarwady Delta
Region and the Bago Yoma
mountain range.
Military historian Maung Aung
Myoe has written about the
doctrine’s introduction at a
[1] conference, following the
recognition that these armed fraud in the parliamentary 4. Which of the following will
groups’ biggest strength was C. Myanmar National elections. replace [2] in the above
their strong relations with the Army passage?
local people, which allowed D. Black Ops Correct? A. Four Cuts Strategy
them to operate behind enemy
2. Consider the following: A. Only I B. Five Cuts Strategy
lines, according to Jolliffe,
who adds that the strategy was I. Myanmar military has B. Only II C. Eight Cuts Strategy
instrumental in clearing the grabbed power in a coup C. Both I and II D. Eleven Cuts Strategy
KNU from its more western - the third time in the D. Neither I nor II
territories, forcing the group nation’s history since its 5. Aung Sann Suu Kyi received
to re-group in southeast independence from British 3. In which of the following the Noble Peace Prize in
Myanmar, where it remains rule in 1948. year was the name Burma which of the following
strong today. changed to Myanmar? years?
II. When the newly elected
Myanmar lawmakers were A. 1986 A. 2008
replace [1] in the above to hold the first session of B. 1987 B. 2001
passage? Parliament in 2021, the C. 1989 C. 1998
military imposed a state D. 1991
A. Tatmadaw D. 1991
of emergency for one
B. Burmese Army year citing massive voting
1. A) Tatmadaw to stamp out resistance to its rule • A one-year state of emergency English name was changed by the
2. C) Both I and II after it seized power from elected has been imposed and country’s government from the
3. C) 1989 government of Myanmar in democratically elected leader Aung “Union of Burma” to the “Union of
4. A) Four Cuts Strategy Military coup on February 1, 2021 San Suu Kyi has been detained. Myanmar” in 1989, and still later
5. D) 1991 Recently, the Myanmar military The choice of names stems to the “Republic of the Union of
Explanation: has grabbed power in a coup - the from the existence of two Myanmar”.
Myanmar military, also known third time in the nation’s history different names for the country
as Tatmadaw, have returned to since its independence from in Burmese, which are used in
its “four cuts strategy” in order British rule in 1948. different contexts. The official
Passage 15
E lon Musk’s satellite network

[1] is on track to beam
broadband internet everywhere
in the world except the polar
regions by August.
Space Exploration Technologies
Corp. has launched more than
1,500 satellites so far and has
[1] operations in about a dozen
countries, Musk said during
a presentation at the Mobile
World Congress conference on
Tuesday. That’s costing a lot.
SpaceX’s total investment in
the network will be between $5
billion and $10 billion before
cash flow is positive, he said.
Some $20 billion or $30
billion may be needed in the
longer term to maintain [1]
competitive position, Musk
added. The service, which has
more than 69,000 active users,
may reach half a million in the
next 12 months, he said.
“Our goal is not to go 2. Low Earth Orbit extend B. The presence of satellite A. Blue Origin
bankrupt,” he joked, referencing up to how many km above at a lower height from B. OneWeb
the tumultuous history of the Earth’s surface? the Earth’s surface,
industry. “Step No. 1 for [1] C. Project Kuiper
A. 2000 km will help to bring the
is don’t go bankrupt. If we lag down to 20-30 D. Virgin Galactic
succeed in not going bankrupt B. 1000 km
milliseconds. 5. [1] Satellites are launched
then that’ll be great and we can C. 500 km
move on from there.” C. Space Internet will using which of the
D. 200 km be able to deliver the following rockets?
1. Which of the following will internet in remote areas A. Falcon 9
3. Which of the following is
replace [1] in the above or places with difficult
one of the advantages of the B. Falcon Heavy
passage? terrain.
Space internet?
A. Starlight D. All of the above. C. H3
A. The signals from satellites
B. Starlink D. New Shepard
in space can overcome 4. What is the name of Space
C. Star Communication obstacles faced by fibre- Internet project launched
D. Starmap optic cables by Amazon?
1. B) Starlink technology SpaceX has launched to bring the lag down to 20-30 mission. The flight comes just
2. A) 2000 km the Starlink Network in Lower milliseconds, roughly the time days after the company's last
3. D) All of the above. Earth Orbit (LEO) aimed at it takes for terrestrial systems to launch, where a
4. C) Project Kuiper providing low-cost and reliable transfer data. different Falcon 9 rocket took off
5. A) Falcon 9 space-based internet services to o More Viable: The signals from from neighboring Space Launch
Explanation: the world. Space Internet with Low satellites in space can overcome Complex 40, at Cape Canaveral
Starlink is a SpaceX project to Earth Orbit: obstacles faced by fibre-optic Space Force Station. Both missions
build a broadband network with The LEO extends up to 2,000 cables or wireless networks easily. delivered a full stack of 60 Starlink
a cluster of orbiting spacecraft km above the Earth’s surface. A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launched satellites to orbit, helping SpaceX
that could eventually number Advantages: a new batch of 60 Starlink internet inch ever-closer to filling its initial
thousands. o Reduced Latency: The presence satellites into orbit early Sunday constellation of 1,440 satellites.
Recently, the world’s leading of satellite at a lower height from (March 14) and nailed its landing
private company in space the Earth’s surface, will help at sea to top off a record-setting
Passage 16
I ndia has made it to the top 10

in Global Cybersecurity Index
(GCI) 2020 by ITU, moving up
37 places to rank as the tenth
best country in the world on key
cybersafety parameters.
The affirmation by the UN body
of India’s efforts on cybersecurity,
comes just ahead of the sixth
anniversary of Digital India on
July 1. India is emerging as a
global IT superpower, asserting
its digital sovereignty with firm
measures to safeguard data
privacy and online rights of
citizens.
As per the ranking, India has
moved up by 37 places to rank as
the [1] best country in the world
in the Global Cybersecurity
Index (GCI) 2020 launched by
the [2] on June 29, 2021. the position of India in the Correct?
The US topped the chart, C. OnlineLock
Asia Pacific region? A. Only I
followed by the UK and Saudi D. DigiSecure
A. 1st B. Only II
Arabia tied on the second
position, while Estonia was B. 2nd C. Both I and II 5. Which of the following will
ranked third in the index. C. 3rd replace [2] in the above
D. Neither I nor II
passage?
1. Which of the following will D. 4th
4. Which of the following A. International
replace [1] in the above 3. Consider the following
is the online digital Telecommunication
passage? about Digital India:
portal launched by the Union
A. 7th I. India’s digital economy Government of India to B. World Mobile Congress
B. 8th will touch $1 trillion by the store and send documents
year 2022. C. International Digital
C. 9th in secure way?
Watchdog
D. 10th II. Digital India Programme A. DigiLocker
was launched in 2020. D. World Digital Watch
2. In the same index, what is B. CloudLock
1. D) 10th demand. communication technologies – member since 1952.

2. D) 4th Digital empowerment of citizens. ICTs.
3. A) Only I India scored a total of 97.5 points Founded in 1865 to facilitate DigiLocker is a flagship initiative
4. A) DigiLocker from a possible maximum of 100 international connectivity in of MeitY under ‘Digital India’
5. A) International points, to make it to the tenth communications networks. It programme.
Telecommunication position worldwide in the GCI is Headquartered in Geneva, This is government’s effort to
Union 2020. Switzerland. create an electronic version of
Explanation: India secured the fourth position It allocates global radio spectrum documents, which can be easily
Digital India Programme: It was in the Asia Pacific region. and satellite orbits, develops the verified and stored in printable
launched in 2015. The programme The US topped (1st), followed by technical standards that ensure format.
has been enabled for several the UK (United Kingdom) and networks and technologies The users can store their
important Government schemes, Saudi Arabia tied on the second seamlessly interconnect, and documents such as insurance,
such as BharatNet, Make in India, position together. strives to improve access to ICTs medical reports, PAN card,
Startup India and Standup India, Estonia was ranked third (3rd) in to underserved communities passport, marriage certificate,
industrial corridors, etc. the index. worldwide. school certificate and other
Vision Areas: International Telecommunication Recently, India got elected as documents in the digital format.
Digital infrastructure as Utility to Union: a member of ITU Council for
Every Citizen. It is the United Nations specialized another 4-year term - from 2019 to
Governance and services on agency for information and 2022. India has remained a regular
Passage 17
N ational Broadcasting Day

is observed on [1] across
the country every year. The
Indian Broadcasting Company
(IBC) started organising radio
broadcasting from Bombay
station on this day in 1927. To
mark the event, All India Radio
(AIR) conducted a symposium
on Creation of New India and
Broadcasting Medium in New
Delhi. Radio broadcasting
services began in India during
the British rule in 1923 under the
initiative of the Radio Club of
Bombay.
British Government took over
radio broadcasting in 1930
and started the Indian State
Broadcasting Service (ISBS).
The government took over the
broadcasting facilities on April
1, 1930, on an experimental
basis for two years. IBC was a
private entity and was granted
permission by the British passage? and Technology A. Akashvani
Government to operate two A. July 23 D. Ministry of Home B. Air Bharat
radio stations in Kolkata (then B. July 25 Affairs C. Doordarshan
Calcutta) and Mumbai (then
C. July 26 3. Which of the following is D. Bombay Broadcasting
Bombay).
D. July 28 the motto of AIR? Agency
It was permanently renamed as
Indian State Broadcasting Service A. ‘Bahujan Hitaya : 5. Which of the following will
2. Prasar Bharti comes under
(ISBS) in May 1932. Later, it Bahujan Sukhaya’ replace [2] in the above
which of the following
was changed to All India Radio Ministries? B. Industry, Impartiality passage?
(AIR) on June 8, [2] and became and Integrity A. 1940
Akashwani in 1957. Since then, A. Ministry of
Telecommunication C. Nabh Deep Sprasham B. 1947
it gained popularity and changed
the socio-economic life of people. B. Ministry of Information D. Sham-no Varuna C. 1950
and Broadcasting 4. Since 1956, AIR has been D. 1936
C. Minister of Information officially known as
1. A) July 23 a crucial role in the lives of Broadcasting Company (IBS) was cent of the area of India and is
2. B) Ministry of Information people in India. The Indian State liquidated, and the government accessible to 99.19 per cent of the
and Broadcasting Broadcasting Service (ISBS) took charge of broadcasting population of the country.
3. A) ‘Bahujan Hitaya : became All India Radio (AIR) on facilities. •The aim of AIR is to educate,
Bahujan Sukhaya’ June 8, 1936. In the past 93 years, •On April 1, 1930, the Indian State inform and entertain the masses.
4. A) Akashvani radio broadcast in India. Broadcasting Service (ISBS) was AIR’s motto is ‘Bahujan Hitaya
5. D) 1936 Radio broadcasting in India began formed on an experimental basis : Bahujan Sukhaya’. The AIR
Explanation: during the British era in 1923 for two years. broadcasts programs in 23
On July 23, 1927, the first-ever under the Bombay Presidency •On June 8, 1936, the Indian languages and 179 dialects.
radio broadcast in India went Radio Club. State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) •Since 1956, AIR has been
on-air from the Bombay (now •In 1927, the Indian Broadcasting became All India Radio (AIR). officially known as Akashvani. It
Mumbai) station. Since then, this Company (IBC) became a private Today, All India Radio (AIR) is is owned by Prasar Bharati, India’s
day has been observed as National entity and was authorized to the largest radio network in the largest public broadcasting agency.
Broadcasting Day. broadcast two radio stations. world. With 479 stations across
Since 1927, radio has played •On March 1, 1930, the Indian the country, it reaches over 92 per
Passage 18
P resident Ram Nath Kovind

has cancelled his visit to
the Kargil War Memorial in
Drass owing to bad weather
in Ladakh, officials said. He
will instead lay a wreath at the
Baramulla War Memorial this
year to commemorate the fallen
heroes of the 1999 conflict on
the occasion of the 22nd Kargil
Diwas, the army officials added.
India celebrates Kargil Vijay
Diwas on [1] every year to mark
the anniversary of the Army’s
victory against Pakistan on this
day in 1999, after more than 60
days of armed conflict on the
highlands of Kargil in Ladakh.
President Kovind, who arrived in
Srinagar on Sunday, is on a four-
day visit to Jammu and Kashmir
and Ladakh. “On [1], 2021, the
President will pay homage to the
indomitable courage and sacrifice
of the Indian Armed Forces
of the Indian armed forces D. Delhi Plan
during the Kargil conflict in A. Only I
over the Pakistani army
1999 at the Kargil War Memorial 4. Consider the following B. Only II
in which of the following
Drass (Ladakh) on the 22nd about India-Pakistan
operations? C. Both I and II
anniversary of the Kargil Vijay Relationship:
Divas,” read a statement from the A. Operation Blue Star D. Neither I nor II
President’s office. I. The Line of Control (LoC)
B. Operation Vijay 5. Karachi Agreement was
emerged from the 1971
1. Which of the following will C. Operation Black Ops ceasefire line negotiated by signed between India and
replace [1] in the above D. Operation Evening Star the United Nations (UN) Pakistan in which of the
passage? after the Kashmir War. following years?
3. Line of Control was A. 1948
A. 22nd July II. LoC is demarcated
designated after which of
B. 24th July upto the Siachen Glacier B. 1971
the following Agreement?
(Point NJ9842)- the world’s C. 1999
C. 26th July A. Shimla Agreement highest battlefield.
D. 30th July B. Punjab Agreement D. 2003
2. his day marks the victory C. Pathankot Agreement Correct?
1. C) 26th July the War Memorial in Drass, as It was designated as the LoC supervision of the UNCIP, military
2. B) Operation Vijay part of commemoration of the in 1972, following the Shimla representatives of both Pakistan
3. A) Shimla Agreement Indian Armed Forces victory in Agreement between the two and India met in Karachi and
4. B) Only II the 1971 war, a Victory Flame countries. signed the Karachi Agreement on
5. A) 1948 will be received around nine in LoC is demarcated upto the 27 July 1949.
Explanation: the morning which will then be Siachen Glacier (Point NJ9842)- It established a cease-fire line
On 26th July, 2021, Kargil Vijay followed by the Kargil Vijay Diwas the world’s highest battlefield. (CFL) in Kashmir.
Diwas’s 22nd Anniversary is being celebrations. LoC is delineated on a map signed The Simla Agreement, or Shimla
celebrated across the country. The Line of Control by the Director General of Military Agreement, was signed between
Nation will be paying tributes to The Line of Control (LoC) Operations (DGMO) of both India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972
the Martyrs on Kargil Vijay Diwas. emerged from the 1948 ceasefire armies and has the international in Shimla, the capital city of the
This year, the Golden Victory line negotiated by the United sanctity of a legal agreement. Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
of Bangladesh Liberation is also Nations (UN) after the Kashmir After the 1st Indo-Pak armed
being celebrated by India. At War. conflict in 1948,under the
C. Article 266 following?

D. Article 361 A. Mahabaleshwar
B. Nasik
about Inter-State Water C. Varanasi
Disputes Act: D. Talakaveri
I. The Inter-State Water
Disputes Act empowers
not one of the tributary of
the Central government to
Godavari?
set up an ad hoc tribunal
for the adjudication of a A. Pravara
Passage 19 Sagar, and Pulichintala — for
A
hydropower generation without dispute between two or B. Purna
n ongoing jala jagadam
(fight over water resources), approvals from the Krishna River more states in relation to C. Manjra
as it has been described by Management Board (KRMB), the waters of an inter-state D. Tungabhadra
regional media, once again drew an autonomous body that was river or river valley.
the police forces of Andhra set up after the bifurcation of the II. Neither the Supreme 5. Which of the following
Pradesh and Telangana into a state, to manage and regulate the Court nor any other court Ministries notified
tense standoff last week at the waters in the Krishna basin. is to have jurisdiction in jurisdiction of Krishna
common reservoirs of the two The water that is used for power respect of any water dispute River Management Board
states. generation, Andhra says, is being which may be referred to (KRMB) & Godavari
In 2015, police from Andhra wasted by releasing it into the such a tribunal under this River Management Boards
Pradesh and Telangana had Bay of Bengal, even as farmers Act. (GRMB)?
come to blows following a heated in the Krishna delta ayacut are Which of the above is/are A. Ministry of Home
discussion between government yet to begin sowing of the kharif Correct? Affairs
officials over release of water crop.
A. Only I B. Ministry of
from the Nagarjuna Sagar Environment, Forest
1. Which of the following B. Only II
reservoir. and Climate Change
articles of the Constitution
Andhra Pradesh alleges that C. Both I and II
provides for the Inter-State C. Ministry of Jal Shakti
Telangana has been drawing Water Dispute? D. Neither I nor II
Krishna water from four projects D. Ministry of Urban
— Jurala, Srisailam, Nagarjuna A. Article 362 3. The river Krishna originates Development and
B. Article 262 near which of the Housing
1. B) Article 262 Article 262 of the Constitution The Inter-State Water Disputes Act Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka and
2. C) Both I and II provides for the adjudication of empowers the Central government Union territory of Puducherry.
3. A) Mahabaleshwar inter-state water disputes. to set up an ad hoc tribunal for the • Tributaries: Pravara, Purna,
4. D) Tungabhadra Under this, Parliament may by law adjudication of a dispute between Manjra, Penganga, Wardha,
5. C) Ministry of Jal Shakti provide for the adjudication of any two or more states in relation to Wainganga, Pranhita (combined
Explanation: dispute or complaint with respect the waters of an inter-state river or flow of Wainganga, Penganga,
Central Government has notified to the use, distribution and control river valley. Wardha), Indravati, Maner and the
jurisdiction of Krishna River of waters of any inter-state river The decision of the tribunal is Sabri
Management Board (KRMB) & and river valley. final and binding on the parties to Krishna River
Godavari River Management Parliament may also provide the dispute. • Source: It originates near
Boards (GRMB), Seven years after that neither the Supreme Court Neither the Supreme Court Mahabaleshwar (Satara) in
their constitution under Andhra nor any other court is to exercise nor any other court is to have Maharashtra. It is the second
Pradesh Reorganisation Act. jurisdiction in respect of any such jurisdiction in respect of any water biggest river in peninsular India
With the constitution of boards, dispute or complaint. dispute which may be referred to after the Godavari River.
Centre transferred operation of all The Parliament has enacted the such a tribunal under this Act. • Drainage: It runs from four states
projects, including generation of two laws, the River Boards Act Godavari River Maharashtra (303 km), North
hydel power, in two river basins in (1956) and the Inter-State Water • Source: Godavari river rises Karnataka (480 km) and the rest of
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to Disputes Act (1956). from Trimbakeshwar near Nasik in its 1300 km journey in Telangana
them. It will be in effective from The River Boards Act provides for Maharashtra and flows for a length and Andhra Pradesh before it
October 14, 2021. the establishment of river boards of about 1465 km before outfalling empties into the Bay of Bengal.
Notification was issued by by the Central government for the into the Bay of Bengal. • Tributaries: Tungabhadra,
Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS). regulation and development of • Drainage Basin: The Godavari Mallaprabha, Koyna, Bhima,
Notification brought 35 projects in inter-state river and river valleys. basin extends over states of Ghataprabha, Yerla, Warna, Dindi,
Krishna basin and 71 in Godavari A River Board is established on Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Musi and Dudhganga.
basin, under purview of boards. the request of state governments Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha
Inter-State River Water Disputes: concerned to advise them. in addition to smaller parts in
Passage 20 Johnson capped off the day’s A. Leatherman Knife highly skilled professionals.
E ducation charities have fundraising with a keynote B. Victorinox Knife C. Investment in R&D and
expressed disappointment speech in which he described number of patents and
C. Swiss Army Knife
after a summit hosted by Boris education investment as the “[1]” trademark applications
in terms of the amount of global D. None of the above
Johnson to raise money for filed.
education around the world issues it could solve. “This is the
3. Which of the following D. All of the above
fell well short of its fundraising silver bullet, this is the magic
potion, this is the panacea, this is statement is correct 5. Consider the following
target. The prime minister’s regarding National
Global Education Summit the universal cure, this complete statement about National
with allen key and screwdriver education policy of India in education policy 2020.
missed its goal by $1bn (£716m) 2020?
after other countries followed the and everything else, that can I. The current 10+2 system
UK’s example of skimping on its solve virtually every problem that A. The NEP 2020 aims at to be replaced by a new
aid pledge. Save the Children’s inflicts humanity,” he said. “I’m making “India a global 5+3+3+4 curricular
head of education, Emma absolutely serious. If you educate knowledge superpower”. structure corresponding to
Wagner, said the failure showed the world properly, fairly, then B. The NEP cleared by ages 3-8, 8-11, 11-14, and
the UK’s “diminishing leadership of course you end a great natural the Cabinet is only the 14-18 years respectively.
on the world stage following injustice but you also ... perform third major revamp of the
the most fantastic benefits for II. Class 10 and 12 board
its devastating aid cuts and a framework of education in examinations to be
lacklustre G7 summit”. And Plan humanity.” India since independence. made easier, to test core
International UK’s chief executive C. The two earlier education competencies rather than
Rose Caldwell noted that it was policies were brought in
country is co-hosting memorised facts, with all
the “first time in history that the 1968 and 1986.
a Global Education students allowed to take the
host of a major education finance
Summit along with United D. All of the above exams only once a year.
summit has simultaneously cut
their overall funding for global Kingdom in the city of Which of the following
London? 4. Which of the following statement is not correct?
education”.
indicator are used in the
Education organisations had A. Kenya A. Only I is correct
survey of level and quality
called on the UK to offer £600m B. Libya of education? B. Only II is correct
to meet the current global C. Nigeria C. Both I and II are correct
A. Number of PhD students
education crisis, but the Treasury
D. Niger and knowledge-intensive D. Neither I nor II is
ultimately only offered £430m.
The spendthrift approach was employment. correct
reflected in other donations, can best be replaced by [1] B. Enrolment in
which came to just $4bn – below from the above passage? engineering and
the stated $5bn target. Boris technology and number of
1. A) Kenya had pledged £430 million All the above statement are • Universalization of education
Explanation: The summit last month to the Global correct regarding NEP. from preschool to secondary
will use a hybrid format, Partnership for Education 4. D) All of the above level with 100% Gross
with participants attending (GPE) in the face of “difficult Explanation: Indicators Used: Enrolment Ratio (GER) in
live sessions on our virtual financial circumstances” after The indicators that the survey school education by 2030.
platform and a small in- the coronavirus pandemic. uses includes the level and • To bring 2 crore out of
person event in London, if 3. D) All of the above quality of education and school children back into the
travel restrictions allow. UK Explanation: Recently, the parameters such as: mainstream through an open
Prime Minister Boris Johnson Union Cabinet has approved • Number of PhD students schooling system.
and Kenyan President Uhuru the new National Education and knowledge-intensive • The current 10+2 system
Kenyatta will co-host the Policy (NEP), 2020 with an employment. to be replaced by a new
summit. aim to introduce several • Enrolment in engineering and 5+3+3+4 curricular structure
2. C) Swiss Army Knife changes in the Indian technology and number of corresponding to ages 3-8,
Explanation: Boris Johnson education system - from the highly skilled professionals. 8-11, 11-14, and 14-18 years
has said investment in global school to college level. The • Investment in R&D and respectively.
education is a “Swiss army NEP 2020 aims at making number of patents and • Class 10 and 12 board
knife” for solving “virtually “India a global knowledge trademark applications filed. examinations to be
every problem that afflicts superpower”. • Internet subscribers. made easier, to test core
humanity”. The Cabinet has also • FDI inflows, business competencies rather than
Speaking at a summit attended approved the renaming of the environment and safety and memorised facts, with all
by a host of developing world Ministry of Human Resource legal environment. students allowed to take the
leaders, the Prime Minister Development to the Ministry 5. A) Only I is correct exam twice.
said he was “proud” the UK of Education. Explanation:
Passage 21
E very four years, forecasts are

made on how many medals
India will win at the Olympics,
a practice that can see widely
polarising opinions. World’s
leading data and technology
company Gracenote has
predicted India will finish with
19 medals, four of them being
gold. Most Indian sports officials
too are bullish, they too promise
a double-digit haul.
Considering India won just
a couple of medals at the last New York Times, IOC may have country is hosting 2032 postponed following the
Olympics — one bronze, one to refund around $4 billion if the summer Olympic? Covid-19 outbreak.
silver — the long-haul punt for event is not held. A. China B. Canada became the
Tokyo 2020 looks like a giant Two names stand out in Indian B. USA first major country
leap of faith. Between those wrestling as potential medal to pull out of the
hopes. In the 53-kg freestyle C. France
two extremes is where India is Tokyo Olympics over
expected to finish. Better than wrestling category, [1] is the top D. Australia coronavirus fears.
last time, but not double digit, seed at the Tokyo Olympics. C. Tokyo is the first city
North Korea’s decision not to 3. Four new sports have been
seems realistic. to host the Paralympic
be a part of these Olympics has introduced in the Tokyo
These are said to be the most Olympics. Which of the Games for the second
expensive Olympics in history, benefitted many athletes, but
following is not one of time.
and the year-long delay has none more so than weightlifter
[2], who is well in line to win a them? D. None of the above
only added to the budget. The
organising committee puts the silver medal. A. Karate
5. Khelo India Youth Games
cost at $15.4 billion. If the Games B. Squash are scheduled to take
1. Which of the following can
are not held, all the money C. Skateboarding place after the 2021 Tokyo
be replaced by [1] in 4th
invested will go down the drain. Olympics and will be held
para? D. Surfing
Most of the IOC’s sponsors are in which states of India?
with it for the long term, but A. Mirabai Chanu
4. Which of the following A. Orrisa
they may have asked for rebates B. Vinesh Phogat statement is not correct
if there were no Games. The TV B. Haryana
C. PV Sindhu regarding Tokyo Olympics?
rights money is also a big factor C. Punjab
D. Sakshi Malik A. In 2020, for the first
in staging the Games during the D. Himachal Pradesh
time, the Olympics were
pandemic. According to The 2. Which of the following
1. B) Vinesh Phogat picked to host the 2032 program. cancelled three times: once
Explanation: Wrestler Vinesh Olympics, the inevitable 4. D) None of the above during World War I (1916)
Phogat missed her flight to winner of a one-city race Explanation: Tokyo is the first and twice during World War II
Tokyo from Frankfurt after steered by the IOC to avoid city to host the Paralympic (1940, 1944).
it was discovered that she rival bids. The Games will Games for the second time. 5. B) Haryana
had overstayed her European go back to Australia 32 years Fittingly, the first ever Explanation: The 2021 Khelo
Union visa by one day. Phogat, after the popular 2000 Sydney Paralympic Museum will be India Youth Games are
who was training in Hungary Olympics. launched during the Tokyo scheduled to take place after
with her coach Woller Akos 3. B) Squash 2020 Olympics. the 2021 Tokyo Olympics
ahead of the Games. In a Explanation: Four sports will Canada and Australia have and will be held in Panchkula
field that has Sweden’s Sofia make their Olympic debuts pulled out of the Tokyo (Haryana). KIYG is a part
Mattson, China’s Pang Qianyu, at the Tokyo Games: karate, 2020 Olympics as both of the revamped national
American Jacarra Winchester skateboarding, sport climbing countries pushed for a year programme for development of
and Phogat’s Japanese nemesis and surfing. New disciplines postponement because of the sports ‘Khelo India’ which was
Mayu Mukaida, a medal — or have been added in other coronavirus pandemic. approved by the Union Cabinet
the colour of it, depends on so sports, including men’s and Since the opening of the first in 2017. The 2020 edition of
many factors. women’s three-on-three modern Olympic Games in KIYG was held in Guwahati
2. D) Australia basketball and BMX freestyle, 1896, the international sports (Assam).
Explanation: Brisbane was which is part of the cycling competition has only been
Passage 22
[1] has become the first Union
Territory of India to vaccinate
all the residents as well as the
‘guest population’, consisting of
hotel workers, migrant labourers,
and Nepalese citizens who have
been earning their livelihood
in the UT, with the first dose of
COVID-19 vaccine.
According to the administration
officials, in spite of the low
population in [1], there is no
mean feat in view of the region’s
challenging terrain, extreme
weather, and isolated centres-
many of which are extremely
difficult to access.
They further added that the
Central Government also
ensured a steady and more than
adequate supply of vaccines
passage? true? Zeneca.
which helped in boosting the
confidence of the health workers A. Pondicherry A. Only I II. Covaxin is a live vaccine.
as well as to pace up the speed B. Daman and Diu B. Only II Which of the following is/
of vaccination in spite of the C. Ladakh C. Both I and II are true?
difficulties.A senior district A. Only I
D. Lakshadweep D. Neither I nor II
official informed that the priority
was given to the hotel workers, B. Only II
2. Consider the following 3. Which of the following is/
most of whom are from outside C. Both I and II
about [1]: are vaccines available in
Union Territory, and public Nepal? D. Neither I nor II
transport/taxi drivers as they are I. [1] extends from Siachen
in the frontline of the tourism Glacier in Karakoram A. Covishield 5. Which of the following
industry. range in north to main B. Vero Cell has not been approved by
Great Himalayas in south. WHO?
Labourers and handymen who C. Pfizer
came in from other states to [1] II. India’s smallest Union A. Pfizer
D. Both A and B
during summer were also treated Territory [1] is an
B. Astra-Zeneca
on priority. archipelago consisting of 36 4. Consider the following
islands with an area of 32 C. Sinovac
about ‘Covaxin’:
1. Which of the following will sq km. D. Covaxin
I. Covaxin is developed and
replace [1] in the above Which of the above is/are manufactured by Astra-
1. C) Ladakh south. India’s smallest Union have been vaccinated across microorganisms that cause the
Explanation: Ladakh has Territory Lakshadweep is an the country until Tuesday. Of disease
become first Union Territory archipelago consisting of 36 them, 1,103,130 have been 5. D) Covaxin
to vaccinate all residents and islands with an area of 32 sq fully vaccinated, either with Explanation: Covaxin has
guest population; comprising km. Covishield or Vero Cell. not yet been approved by the
of migrant labourers, hotel 3. D. Both A and B 4. D) Neither I nor II World Health Organization
workers and Nepalese citizens Explanation: Nepal launched Explanation: COVAXIN: for emergency use listing.
earning their livelihood in the its vaccination campaign on Developed by Bharat Biotech, Yesterday, June 10, the US
territory; with first dose of January 27 with the 1 million Hyderabad in collaboration Food and Drug Administration
Covid-19 jab. doses of Covishield received with the Indian Council of (US FDA) also rejected Bharat
2. A) Only I in grant assistance from India. Medical Research’s National Biotech’s proposal for an
Explanation: Ladakh extends Covishield is the AstraZeneca Institute of Virology, Pune. emergency use authorization
from Siachen Glacier in type vaccine manufactured by It is an inactivated vaccine (EUA) of Covaxin, delaying
Karakoram range in north the Serum Institute of India. which is developed by the company’s vaccine launch
to main Great Himalayas in At least 2,611,807 people inactivating (killing) the live in that country.
Passage 23
T he Asian Development
Bank (ADB) on Tuesday
downgraded India’s economic
growth projection for the 2021-
22 fiscal year to [1] % from the
11% projected in April this year.
The projections were made on
the Asian Development Outlook
report released for July.In the
report, the ADB further said
that the economic projection
for the financial year 2022 has
been upgraded to 7.5% from the
previous 7%. “The projection for
FY 2022, by which time much
of India’s population is expected
to be vaccinated, is upgraded
from 7.0% to 7.5% as economic
activity normalizes,” the report
showed.
According to the ADB report, the
country’s GDP growth recovered
to 1.6% during the last quarter
of the 2020 fiscal year, which
narrowed the contraction to A. 9.2% is an organization of 190 4. Asian Development bank is
7.3% while it was expected to B. 10% member countries. headquartered in which of
be at 8%. “Then a second wave B. The IMF, also known as the following cities?
C. 10.5%
of the pandemic induced many the Fund, was conceived A. Manila
state governments to impose D. 8.2%
at a UN conference in B. Shanghai
strict containment measures. Bretton Woods, New
2. Who among the following C. Seoul
New COVID-19 cases daily Hampshire, United
peaked at more than 400,000 in is the Managing Director of
States. D. Kyoto
early May, then fell to a little over Woochong Um?
40,000 in early July,” the report A. Woochong Um C. The IMF was set up 5. ADB was established in
showed. It also said that the early along with the World which of the following
B. Gita Gopinath
indicators showed economic Bank after the First year?
C. Christine Lagarde World War to assist in
activity to resume quickly once A. 1970
the restrictions measures in place D. David Malpass the reconstruction of
war-ravaged countries. B. 1964
are eased.
3. Which of the following is C. 1972
not true? D. IMF releases World
1. Which of the following will Economic Outlook and D. 1966
replace [1]? A. The International Global Stability Report.
Monetary Fund (IMF)
1. B) 10% Development Bank (ADB) in the reconstruction of war- the Pacific and representative
Explanation: The Asian has appointed Woochong ravaged countries. offices in Washington,
Development Bank (ADB) Um as its Managing Director Explanation: The IMF was set Frankfurt, Tokyo and Sydney.
has downgraded India’s General. Um joined ADB in up along with the World Bank 5. D) 1966
economic growth forecast 1993. Since June 2018, he after the Second World War to Explanation: The Asian
for the current financial year served as Director General assist in the reconstruction of Development Bank is a
to 10% on Tuesday, from 11 and concurrently Chief war-ravaged countries. regional development bank
per cent projected earlier Compliance Officer of ADB’s 4. A) Manila established on 19 December
this year, mainly on account sustainable development and Explanation: The headquarters 1966, which is headquartered
of the adverse impact of the climate change department. of the bank is at 6 ADB in the Ortigas Center located
coronavirus pandemic. 3. C) The IMF was set up along Avenue, Mandaluyong, Metro in the city of Mandaluyong,
2. A) Woochong Um with the World Bank after Manila, Philippines, and it has Metro Manila, Philippines.
Explanation: The Asian the First World War to assist 42 field offices in Asia and
Passage 24
T he creation of a separate
ministry is also indicative
of the Union government’s
commitment to community
based developmental partnership
and fulfills the budget
announcement made by the
finance minister, a government
functionary said. Ahead of the
much awaited cabinet expansion,
the Union government on
Monday announced the creation
of a new ministry named the
Ministry of Co-operation to
implement the vision of ‘[1]’. As
per a government functionary
aware of the developments, the
ministry will provide a separate
administrative, legal and policy
framework for strengthening the
cooperative movement in the
country.
“The ministry will work to
streamline processes for ease of
doing business for co-operatives
and enable development of
Multi-State Co-operatives
(MSCS),” said the functionary
quoted above. B. Piyush Goyal 3. Which Indian State topped B. Banking
C. Anurag Thakur the ‘Ease of doing business’ C. Food processing
The creation of a separate
rankings in 2020?
ministry is also indicative D. Mansukh Mandaviya D. Textile
of the Union government’s A. Tamil Nadu
commitment to community 2. Which of the following will B. Uttar Pradesh 5. United Nations General
based developmental partnership replace [1] in the above Assembly declared which
C. Andhra Pradesh
and fulfils the budget passage? of the following year as
announcement made by the D. Maharashtra ‘The International year of
A. ‘Sahkar se Samriddhi’
finance minister, the functionary Cooperatives’?
B. ‘Sahyog mein Vriddhi’ 4. First credit cooperative
explained. society in India was formed A. 2011
C. ‘Sabka Saath, Sabka
1. Who has been given the Vikas’ in which of the following B. 2012
charge of the new ministry? sectors? C. 2019
D. All of the above
A. Amit Shah A. Agriculture D. 2020
1. A) Amit Shah 2. A. ‘Sahkar se Samriddhi’ Pradesh, Telangana, Madhya in Banking in 1903 with the
Explanation: In the Cabinet Explanation: ‘Ministry of Co- Pradesh, Jharkhand and support of the Government of
reshuffle of July 7, Home operation’ has been created by Chhattisgarh. The Department Bengal. It was registered under
Minister Amit Shah was given the Central Government for for Promotion of Industry the Friendly Societies Act of
charge of the new Ministry. realizing the vision of ‘Sahkar & Internal Trade (DPIIT) the British Government.
A media release from the se Samriddhi’ (Prosperity spearheads the State level 5. B) 2012
Press Information Bureau said through Cooperation) and business reforms in India Explanation: The
the Ministry of Cooperation to give a new push to the under its Business Reform United Nations General
will provide a separate cooperative movement. Action Plan (BRAP) each year Assembly had declared the
administrative legal and policy 3. C) Andhra Pradesh and evaluates and ranks them. year 2012 as the International
framework for strengthening Explanation: In 2020, 4. B) Banking Year of Cooperatives.
the cooperative movement in Andhra Pradesh topped the Explanation: The first credit
the country. rankings, followed by Uttar cooperative society was formed
Passage 25 D. Neither I nor II
A day before the world

observed World Population
Day, the Uttar Pradesh
4. China’s two child policy
existed for which of the
following time period?
government in India released a
draft of a proposed population A. 1979-2015
control bill, seeking suggestions B. 2016-2021
from the general public to C. 2002-2020
improve the draft bill. The last
date to make suggestions was 19 D. 1996-2021
July. last) to announce population youth. 5. United Nations Population
The proposed bill proposes control measures. C. Increasing the access to Fund does not support
to incentivise public servants contraceptive methods. which of the following?
following its two-child policy 1. World Population day is
celebrated on which of the D. Ending curable A. Reproductive health
with “two additional increments
following dates? maternal mortality and care for women and
during the entire service,
illnesses youth in more than 150
maternity or as the case may be, A. 1st May
countries – which are
paternity leave of 12 months, B. 11th July 3. Consider the following home to more than 80
with full salary and allowances about India’s population
C. 30th June per cent of the world’s
and three percent increase in the growth:
employer’s contribution fund D. 4th July population
under national pension scheme”. I. India has just 2% of the B. The health of pregnant
2. Which one of the following world’s landmass and 16% women, especially
The idea seems to be a leaf out of is not one of the five of the global population.
the Narendra Modi government’s the 1 million who
key targets of UP’s New II. A 2019 United Nations face life-threatening
“incentive model” to implement Population Policy?
policies, except, of course, for the report had projected India complications each
debarring of anyone violating A. Ending curable infant to overtake China as the month
the two-child policy in the state mortality and ensuring most populous country by C. Reliable access to
from contesting local bodies betterment in their 2027. modern contraceptives
elections and applying for getting nutrition status. Which of the following is/ sufficient to benefit 20
promotion in government jobs, B. Betterment of sexual are true? million women a year
as well as receiving any kind of and reproductive A. Only I D. Implementation of two-
government subsidy. health-related child policies in highly
B. Only II
The UP government, however, information and populated countries.
is not the first (and won’t be the facilities among the C. Both I and II
1. B) 11th July Explanation: On October populated countries. violence, which affects 1 in 3

Explanation: Every year, 11th 29, 2015, the ruling Chinese Explanation: women
July is celebrated as the World Communist Party announced UNFPA Supports: 6. Abandonment of female
Population Day. that all one-child policies 1. Reproductive health care genital mutilation, which
2. C. Increasing the access to would be scrapped, allowing for women and youth in more harms 3 million girls annually
contraceptive methods. all couples to have two than 150 countries – which are 7. Prevention of teen
Explanation: The policy children. The law enacting the home to more than 80 per cent pregnancies, complications of
proposes five key targets: two-child policy took effect on of the world’s population which are the leading cause of
population control; ending January 1, 2016, and replaced 2. The health of pregnant death for girls 15-19 years old
curable maternal mortality the previous one-child policy. women, especially the 8. Efforts to end child
and illnesses; ending curable However, Couples in China 1 million who face life- marriage, which could affect
infant mortality and ensuring will now be allowed to have threatening complications each an estimated 70 million girls
betterment in their nutrition up to three children, as month over the next 5 years
status; betterment of sexual policymakers seek to address 3. Reliable access to modern 9. Delivery of safe birth
and reproductive health- the country’s long-term contraceptives sufficient to supplies, dignity kits and
related information and demographic imbalances. benefit 20 million women a other life-saving materials
facilities among the youth; and The announcement came on year to survivors of conflict and
care of elders. May 31, 2021, following a 4. Training of thousands of natural disaster
3. C) Both I and II Chinese Communist Party health workers to help ensure 10. Censuses, data collection
Explanation: Both the Politburo meeting chaired by at least 90 per cent of all and analyses, which are
statements are true, therefore, President Xi Jinping. childbirths are supervised by essential for development
‘C’ is the correct answer. 5. D.) Implementation of skilled attendants planning
4. B. 2016-2021 two-child policies in highly 5. Prevention of gender-based
Passage 26
T he SCO contact group

on Afghanistan met in
Tajikistan July 14 to discuss
the Afghan issue, including
Uzbekistan’s newly proposed
Plan of Practical Measures to
Promote the Socioeconomic
Restoration of Afghanistan.
Recently, the Afghan deputy
foreign minister met with his
Tajik counterpart and both
agreed that the SCO, which
aims to fight against terrorism
and extremism in the region, is
a “good mechanism” to address border between
were the original members attack on Armed Forces
the current security situation in
of the SCO? D. 2014 Peshawar School Afghanistan and Pakistan?
Afghanistan.
A. China, Russia, Massacre A. McMahon Line
Why is the Afghan government
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan B. Radcliffe Line
pursuing full membership in the 3. Consider the following
and Kazakhstan.
SCO, and what would that step statements: C. 38th Parallel
mean for the grouping? B. China, Russia,
I. India and Pakistan joined D. Durand Line
Afghanistan and the SCO Kazakhstan, India and
Tajikistan. SCO as full members on 9
Afghanistan has been engaged June 2017 at a summit in
C. China, Russia, statements:
with the SCO for over 15 years. Astana, Kazakhstan.
It signed a protocol establishing Afghanistan, I. The SCO consolidates
Kazakhstan and II. Osama Bin Laden,
the SCO-Afghanistan contact four nuclear powers which
Kyrgyzstan. who formed the terrorist
group in 2005; however, its if half of the world’s nuclear
organization ‘Taliban’ was
“activity was suspended in 2009.” D. China, Kazakhstan, States into a single regional
responsible for the 9/11
In 2012, Afghanistan became Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan organization.
attacks in USA.
an observer in the SCO when and Tajikistan. II. The SCO is
then-Afghan President Hamid Which of the above
headquartered in Beijing,
Karzai visited China. In 2015, 2. Taliban is responsible for statements is/are true?
China.
Afghanistan signed a protocol which of the following A. Only II
terrorist attacks? Which of the above
on counterterrorism with the B. Both I and II statements is/are true?
Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure A. 2001 Indian Parliament
of the SCO; the same year Kabul C. Only I A. Only I
attack
applied for full membership in D. Neither I nor II B. Only II
B. The 2008 Mumbai
the group. attacks C. Both I and II
1. Which of the following C. The 2019 Pulwama known as the international D. Neither I nor II.
1. A) China, Russia, Explanation: Peshawar school Osama Bin Laden, who staged North Korea.
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and massacre, terrorist attack in the 9/11 attacks in USA in 5. C) Both I and II
Kazakhstan. which seven heavily armed 2001 founded Al-Qaeda. Explanation: By consolidating
Explanation: Original Taliban fighters stormed Therefore, statement II is four nuclear powers—half
five members of SCO; an army-run primary and incorrect. of the world’s nuclear
China, Russia, Kazakhstan, secondary school in Peshawar, 4. D) Durand Line States—into a single regional
Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; Pakistan, on December 16, Explanation: The Durand organization, SCO serves as an
were previously members 2014, killing 150 people, Line is the 2,640-kilometer additional deterrent within the
of Shanghai Five group that of whom at least 134 were (1,640-mile) border between system established to maintain
was founded in April 1996. students. Afghanistan and Pakistan. the world’s strategic balance
Since then, organization has 3. C) Only I McMahon Line is the border of power and political stability
expanded its membership to Explanation: The statement between India and China. The SCO is headquartered in
eight states. Newest members “India and Pakistan joined Radcliffe Line is the border Chaoyang District, Beijing,
of SCO are India and Pakistan. SCO as full members on 9 June between India and Pakistan. China.
2. D) 2014 Peshawar School 2017 at a summit in Astana, 38th Parallel is the border
Massacre Kazakhstan.” is true. between South Korea and
Passage 27 D. Zoroastrian
T he Israeli Supreme Court in

a 10 to 1 decision, upheld
the 2018 [1] Nation-State
statements:
Basic Law, which enshrines [1] I. In 1947, the UN voted for
supremacy and racial segregation Palestine to be split into
as foundational principles of the separate [1] and [2] states,
State of Israel. with Jerusalem becoming
The only dissenting opinion was an international city.
issued by the only [2] justice on II. Israel claims the whole
the court, Justice Kara. of Jerusalem as its capital,
Commenting of this decision, while the Palestinians
Adalah - The Legal Center for claim East Jerusalem as
[2] Minority Rights in Israel, the capital of a future
said, “The Israel Supreme Court Palestinian state.
approved a law that establishes III. India recognized
a constitutional identity, which Jerusalem as Israel’s capital
completely excludes those who in 2017.
do not belong to the majority Which of the above
group. This Law is illegitimate cause) that would have obliged Zoroastrian people. statements is/are true?
and violates absolute prohibitions the State to respond to the II. It also downgraded
of international law.” violations of international human A. Only III
Arabic from an official
Although Adalah explicitly rights and humanitarian law, B. Only I and III
state language to one with
noted such international law including treaties that Israel has “special status.” C. Only I and II
violations in the petition that it signed and ratified. D. Only II and III
Which of the above
filed on behalf of the Palestinian
1. Which of the following will statements is/are true?
[2] leadership in Israel, the 5. Israel opened doors for
Attorney General and the Israeli replace [1] in the given A. Only I Muslims to visit the historic
parliament, the Knesset, decided passage? B. Only II and holy sites in Jerusalem
to ignore and disregard these A. Islamic C. Neither I nor II after signing which of the
violations in their responses to B. Arab following treaties?
the case. The Supreme Court also D. Both I and II
C. Zoroastrian A. Camp David Accords
delivered this judgment without 3. Which of the following will
any serious discussion of these D. Jewish B. Abraham Accord
replace [2] in the passage?
issues – the court held a hearing C. Israel-Egypt Peace
2. Consider the following A. Arab
only for one day on 22 December Treaty
about Jewish State Law: B. Jewish
2020 on 15 petitions filed against D. Israel-Jordan Peace
the law - and without issuing I. It defines Israel as the C. Hindu Treaty
an order nisi (an order to show “nation-state” of the
1. D) Jewish Israel is unique to the Jewish city. This plan was accepted not recognize Jerusalem as
Explanation: Israel’s Supreme people.” It also downgraded by Jewish leaders but rejected Israel’s capital.
Court on Thursday upheld a Arabic from an official state by the Arab side and never 5. B. Abraham Accord
controversial law that defines language to one with “special implemented. In 1967 war, Explanation: The Abraham
the country as the nation status.” Israel occupied East Jerusalem Accords opened the door for
state of the Jewish people — 3. A) Arab and the West Bank. Israel still Muslims around the world
rejecting claims by opponents Explanation: The law’s passage occupies the West Bank, and to visit the historic sites in
that it discriminates against prompted vocal opposition although it pulled out of Gaza Israel and to peacefully pray at
minorities. from the country’s Arab the UN still regards that piece Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem,
2. B) Only II minority, particularly among of land as occupied territory. the third holiest site in Islam.
Explanation: The Jewish State Druze Israelis, who serve in Israel claims the whole of Bringing Israel, the UAE and
law was approved by the the military. Jerusalem as its capital, while Bahrain together reflects their
Knesset, or parliament, in July 4. C. Only I and II the Palestinians claim East shared concern about Iran’s
2018. It defines Israel as the Explanation: In 1947, the Jerusalem as the capital of a rising influence in the region
“nation-state” of the Jewish UN voted for Palestine to be future Palestinian state. The and development of ballistic
people and adds that “fulfilling split into separate Jewish and US is one of only a handful of missiles. Iran has been critical
the right to national self- Arab states, with Jerusalem countries to recognize the city of both deals.
determination in the state of becoming an international as Israel’s capital. India does
Passage 28
I n the last 20 years, 46 persons

have died in tiger attacks while
98 were left injured while 455
people have died in the same
duration in leopard attacks and
1587 were left injured.
In conflict incidents with
elephants, total 184 human lives
were lost in 21 years while 181
were left injured. Human-animal
conflict with Himalayan Black
bear left 59 dead while 879
injured in the same duration.
State forest department lists
leopard, elephant, Himalayan
Black bear and tiger on top of the
list of human-wildlife conflict.
In year 2008, Uttarakhand had
total 179 tigers which reached
442 in year 2018. On an average
26 tigers were added every year
in the state’s biodiversity between reserves in India. D. 3235 population was held in
years 2008-2018. which of the following
1. On which of the following 3. Consider the following: year?
According to tiger census of year dates is the International I. Madhya Pradesh has the A. 2010
2008, Uttarakhand had 179 tigers Tiger Day observed? Highest Number of tiger in
followed by 199 in year 2010, 227 B. 2006
A. 28th July India.
in year 2011, 340 in year 2014, C. 2013
361 in year 2017 and 442 in year B. 29th July II. India had around 1,400
2018. tigers in 2006 D. 2005
C. 30th July
Last year, on the International D. 1st August Which of the above/is are 5. Which of the following is
Tiger Day, the report titled true? the theme of the Global
‘Status of Tigers Co-predators 2. According to the All India A. Only I Tiger Day 2021?
and Prey in India’, released by Tiger Estimation Report
B. Only II A. Valuing the wildlife
Union ministry of environment, 2018, how many tiger are
forest and climate change there in India? C. Both I and II B. Double the Population
minister (MoEFCC) revealed A. 1411 D. Neither I nor II C. Aiding the Survival
that Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR) D. Their survival is in our
B. 2508 4. St Petersburg Conference
of Uttarakhand has the highest hands
tiger density amongst 50 tiger C. 2967 aiming to double the tiger
1. B) 29th July Tiger Summit in Russia in Uttarakhand (442). During the same meeting it
2. C) 2967 2010. With 2,967 tigers, India, four was also decided to celebrate
3. C) Both I and II The national tiger status years in advance, has achieved 29th July as Global Tiger
4. A) 2010 assessment of 2018-19 the target set in the 2010 St Day across the world, which
5. D) Their survival is in our estimated the overall tiger Petersburg Declaration of is since being celebrated to
hands population in India at 2,967 doubling tiger population by spread and generate awareness
Explanation: - 33% increase from 2014 2022. India had around 1,400 on tiger conservation.
The theme for the 2021 (2,226). tigers in 2006. There are currently 13
International Tiger Day is The 2018 census (once in every The Heads of the Governments tiger range countries -
“Their survival is in our four years) has set a Guinness of Tiger Range countries at India, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
hands”. Last year, the day was record for being the largest St. Petersburg, Russia, had Cambodia, China, Indonesia,
observed online due to the camera-trap wildlife survey. resolved to double tiger Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar,
novel coronavirus pandemic, Madhya Pradesh has the numbers across their global Nepal, Russia, Thailand and
but there was no lack of highest number of tigers range by 2022 by signing the Vietnam.
enthusiasm. The day was at 526, closely followed St. Petersburg declaration on
created at the Saint Petersburg by Karnataka (524) and tiger conservation.
Passage 29
[1] and ISRO are collaborating
on developing a satellite called
NISAR, which will detect
movements of the planet’s surface
as small as 0.4 inches over areas
about half the size of a tennis
court.
It’s an SUV-sized satellite that is
being jointly developed by the
space agencies of the US and
India. The partnership agreement
was signed between [1] and ISRO
in September 2014, according to
which [1] will provide one of the
radars for the satellite, a high-rate
communication subsystem for
science data, GPS receivers and for and cope with global change. A. 2021
A. 14 Days
a payload data subsystem. ISRO, The images will be able to capture B. 20N22
B. 12 Days
on the other hand, will provide changes in the Earth caused by C. 2023
the spacecraft bus, the second certain activities. For instance, C. 10 Days
D. 2024
type of radar (called the S-band drawing drinking water from an D. 7 Days
radar), the launch vehicle and underground aquifer can leave 3. From which of the
associated launch services. signs on the surface. If too much 5. Which of the following
following space centre,
of it is drawn out, the ground is not one of the goals of
During the course of three years, NISAR will be launched?
begins to sink, which is what NISAR mission?
the images will allow scientists A. ISRO Space Centre
to track changes in croplands, scientists believe the images will A. Tracking subtle changes
be able to show them. B. Satish Dhawan Space in the Earth’s surface
hazard sites and will help them to
monitor crises such as volcanic Centre
1. Which of the following can B. Spotting warning signs
eruptions. The images will be C. Vikram Sarabhai Space of imminent volcanic
be replaced by [1]?
detailed enough to show local Centre eruptions
changes and broad enough to A. DRDO
D. Space Applications C. Helping to monitor
measure regional trends. As B. NASA Centre groundwater supplies
the mission continues for years, C. Hindustan Aeronautics
the data will allow for better 4 . NISAR will scan the globe D. Tracking the rate of
Limited
understanding of the causes and every _____ over the rotation of earth on its
D. SpaceX axis
consequences of land surface course of its three-year
changes, increasing our ability to 2. In which year, NISAR will mission?
manage resources and prepare be launched?
1. B) NASA The satellite will be launched over areas about half the size Indian Space and Research
2. C) 2023 in 2023 from the Satish of a tennis court. Organisation (ISRO) will
3. B) Satish Dhawan Space Dhawan Space Center in The Name ‘NISAR’: The name provide the spacecraft bus, the
Centre Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh) NISAR is short for NASA- second type of radar (called
4. B) 12 Days into a near-polar orbit. ISRO-SAR the S-band radar), the launch
5. D) Tracking the rate of It will scan the globe every Role of NASA: vehicle and associated launch
rotation of earth on its 12 days over the course of National Aeronautics and services.
axis its three-year mission of Space Administration (NASA Primary Goals:
Explanation: imaging the Earth’s land, ice - space agency of the USA) Tracking subtle changes in
NISAR is a joint Earth sheets and sea ice to give an will provide one of the radars the Earth’s surface, Spotting
observation mission between unprecedented view of the for the satellite, a high-rate warning signs of imminent
ISRO and NASA, used for planet. communication subsystem for volcanic eruptions, Helping to
global observation of the NASA and ISRO are science data, GPS receivers monitor groundwater supplies,
entire earth, including the collaborating on developing and a payload data subsystem. and Tracking the rate at which
polar cryosphere and the an SUV-sized satellite called NISAR will be equipped with ice sheets are melting.
Indian Ocean region. NISAR, which will detect the largest reflector antenna
It will be launched in early movements of the planet’s ever launched by NASA.
2023. surface as small as 0.4 inches Role of ISRO:
Passage 30 A. 21
I ndia’s two-year tenure as a

non-permanent member
of the Security Council began

B. 22
C. 23
D. 24
on January 1, 2021. India will
take over the Presidency of the 5. With reference to India’s
United Nations Security Council service at UNSC in 2011-
(UNSC) on August 1 and is 12, Consider the following
set to host signature events in statements:
three major areas of maritime
security, peacekeeping and I. India worked closely with
counterterrorism during the its partners in the UNSC
month. to ensure the listing of
Pakistan-based terrorist
“It is a singular honour for us to permanent member of the 3. Consider the following Masood Azhar under the
be presiding over the Security Security Council. India will statements: UNSC’s 1267 Sanctions
Council the same month when again preside over the Council I. The council’s presidency Committee (May 2019)
we are celebrating our 75th in December next year, the last is a capacity that rotates
Independence Day,” India’s concerning al-Qaeda
month of its two-year tenure. every year among its 15
Permanent Representative to the and ISIS and associated
1. India, for the _____ members. individuals and entities,
UN Ambassador T S Tirumurti
said in a video message on time, has entered the II. Each year, the General which was pending since
the eve of India assuming the United Nations Security Assembly elects five non- 2009.
rotating Presidency of the Council (UNSC) as a permanent members (out II. India chaired the
UN body. The first working non-permanent member of ten in total) for a two- UNSC 1373 Committee
day of India’s Presidency will recently. year term. concerning Counter-
be Monday, August 2 when A. Seventh III. The ten non-permanent Terrorism, the 1566
Tirumurti will hold a hybrid seats are distributed on a Working Group concerning
B. Fifth
press briefing in the UN regional basis. threat to international
headquarters on the Council’s C. Second peace and security by
Which of the following is/
programme of work for the D. Eighth terrorist acts, and Security
are true?
month. Council 751/1907
2. United Nations Security A. Only II
Tirumurti will also provide a Committee concerning
briefing for member states of the Council was established B. Only I and II Somalia and Eritrea.
UN which are non-members of in which of the following C. Only II and III
year? Which of the following is/
the Council on its work for the D. All of the above are true?
month, according to a schedule A. 1990
A. Only I
released by the UN. B. 1944 4. Which of the following
articles of the UN Charter B. Only II
The August presidency will be C. 1945
India’s first Presidency during concerns the composition C. Neither I nor II
D. 1985 of the UNSC?
its 2021-22 tenure as a non- D. Both I and II
1. D) Eighth peace and security. and there are no nominations. for developing world,
Explanation: India, for the 3. D) All of the above Under rule 83 of the rules of peacekeeping, counter-
eighth time, has entered Explanation: Each year, the procedure, the non-permanent terrorism and Africa. First
the United Nations Security General Assembly elects five members of the Security statement on Syria was during
Council (UNSC)as a non- non-permanent members (out Council are elected by a two- India’s Presidency at the
permanent member recently. of ten in total) for a two-year thirds majority. UNSC.
It will stay on the council for term. The ten non-permanent The council’s presidency is During the 2011-12 term,
two years i.e 2021-22. seats are distributed on a a capacity that rotates every India chaired the UNSC
2. C) 1945 regional basis. month among its 15 members. 1373 Committee concerning
Explanation: The Security As stipulated in rule 144 4. C) 23 Counter-Terrorism, the 1566
Council was established by of the rules of procedure, a Explanation: Article 23 of Working Group concerning
the UN Charter in 1945. It is retiring member is not eligible the UN Charter concerns the threat to international peace
one of the six principal organs for immediate re-election. composition of the UNSC. and security by terrorist acts,
of the United Nations. Its In accordance with rule 92 5. D) Both I and II and Security Council 751/1907
primary responsibility is to of the rules of procedure, the Explanation: 2011-2012: Committee concerning
work to maintain international election is held by secret ballot India was a strong voice Somalia and Eritrea.
ONE LINERS
1. Digital India initiative has 4. Chief Minister Dr. Pramod prime minister of Sweden Female: The Dutee Chand
completed its six years on Sawant announced that Goa since 2014. Story’ chronicles Chand’s
1 July 2021. Digital India has become the first state in journey with a detailed
7. The European Space Agency
is a government’s flagship the country to be Rabies narrative of the gender-
will hire and launch the
scheme to transform India identity controversy that
world’s first physically
into a digitally empowered made her an iconic figure
society and knowledge in Indian sport. The book
economy. It was launched was published by Westland
by Prime Minister Narendra Books.
Modi on 1 July 2015.
11.
A book titled “Kashmiri
2. President Ram Nath Kovind Century: Portrait of a
laid the foundation stone Society in Flux” authored by
free. CM informed that Khemlata Wakhlu. She is a
not a single case of rabies disabled astronaut. It writer, a political leader and
had been found in the state received 22000 applicants a social worker, who has
since the last three years. for this recruitment call. ESA devoted the past fifty years
The team of mission rabies is developing technologies to using her many talents to
had been very effectively for para-astronaut. It will improve a lot of the people
doing its job and had been give a message to the world of Jammu and Kashmir.
for Ambedkar Memorial
and Cultural Centre in also conducting vaccination that ‘Space is for everyone’. 12. Chief Justice of India Justice
Lucknow. The cultural for dogs. NV Ramana has released
8.
Philippines has been
centre will come up at 5. Researchers have included in the grey list former Supreme Court
5493.52 sq meter nazool discovered Black-bellied of the Financial Action judge RV Raveendran’s
land in front of Aishbagh Coral snakes in the forests Task Force (FATF). FATF book “Anomalies in Law
Eidgah in Lucknow and of Uttarakhand for the first has released its grey list
have a 25-ft high statue of time in history. The snake of jurisdictions that will
Dr Ambedkar. is related to the Elapidae be subjected to increased
3. The World Bank Board of family and Sinomicrurus monitoring. In addition
Executive Directors has genus. Its scientic name is S. to the Philippines, Haiti,
approved a $125 million nigriventer. It was found in Malta, and South Sudan
support for the ‘Resilient the Bhadraj Block of Benog have also been added to the
Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) grey list. and Justice”. The book is an
in the Mussoorie Forest attempt to explain to the
9. The Government of China layman that the law and the
Division.
officially turned on the first legal system is still evolving
6. The Prime Minister of two generating units of the and that it requires more
Sweden, Stefan Lofven, has Baihetan Dam, the critical thinking to resolve
announced his resignation
issues that have persisted in
on June 28, 2021, after he
the system for a long time.
Kerala Program’ to help the lost a confidence vote in
state in preparedness against 13. The book titled “Nathuram
natural disasters, climate Godse: The True Story
change impacts, disease of Gandhi’s Assassin” by
outbreaks, and pandemics. Mumbai-based journalist
The $125 million loan from world’s second-biggest Dhaval Kulkarni will
the International Bank hydroelectric dam, to be published by Pan
for Reconstruction and start generating energy. Macmillan India in 2022.
Development (IBRD) has parliament. The 63-yearold The Baihetan Dam is set A biography of Nathuram
a final maturity of 14 years Lofven is the first Swedish up on the Jinsha River, in Godse, Mahatma Gandhi’s
including a grace period of government leader to be southwestern China. infamous assassin, situates
six years. defeated by a no-confidence 10. Journalist Sundeep Mishra’s the man and his most
vote. He was serving as the book titled ‘Fiercely defining act in the larger
context of modern Indian Vigilance Commission version of the indigenously high literary vein, has
history and contemporary with effect. He has been developed Pinaka rocket. been granted this year’s
society and politics. appointed in place of Sanjay Spanish Princess of Asturias
23. The Defence Research and
Kothari, who completed Literature Award. The
14. The oldest commercial bank Development Organisation
his term on June 23, 2021. 50000-euro award is one
in the country, State Bank of (DRDO) successfully flight-
He will remain on the post of the 8 prestigious prizes
India, SBI, is celebrating
until the appointment of by the foundation named
the new Central Vigilance after the heir to the Spanish
Commissioner. throne, Princess Leonor.
The 8 prizes cover different
18. The Appointments
disciplines-arts, social
Committee of the Cabinet
sciences, sports etc.
(ACC) has approved the
appointment of Praveen tested a New Generation 27. Journalist Palagummi
its 66th year on 1st July. SBI Sinha as the Special Director Nuclear-Capable Ballistic Sainath has been awarded
descends from the Bank of of the Central Bureau of Missile “Agni P (Prime)” the Fukuoka Grand
Calcutta founded in 1806 Investigation (CBI). Special from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Prize for 2021. He is a
through the Imperial Bank Director is the second island off the coast of committed journalist
of India. senior-most position in the Odisha, Balasore. who has continued to
agency after the Director. investigate impoverished
15.
Amazon has acquired an 24.
Turkey and Azerbaijan farming villages in India
American instant messaging 19. Twitter has announced the have begun joint military and captured the reality
app ‘Wickr’ to offer secure appointment of California- drills “Mustafa Kemal of the lifestyle of the
based Jeremy Kessel as the Ataturk – 2021” in Baku, residents in such areas.
new Grievance Officer for deploying tanks, helicopters The award, established
India. Kessel is the Global and drones in an effort to by Japan’s Fukuoka city
Legal Policy Director of improve the two countries’ and the Fukuoka City
Twitter. The appointment combat interoperability. International Foundation,
of Grievance Officer by The exercises involve up to is given to individuals and
social media companies is 600 personnel in an effort to
communications for organisations for their work
mandated under the new improve the allies’ combat
businesses, government in preserving Asian culture.
Information Technology interoperability.
agencies, and individuals, Rules, 2021. 28. The 7th edition of the Indian
who are moving to hybrid 25.
Ukraine and the United Ocean Naval Symposium
work environments, due to 20. The Appointments States launched joint naval (IONS), concluded in
the COVID-19 pandemic. Committee of the Cabinet exercises “Sea Breeze drills” France on July 01, 2021. The
(ACC) has extended the in the Black Sea in a show
16.
Flipkart has launched biennial event was hosted
of Western cooperation by the French Navy at La
Shopsy, an app that will
with Kiev as it faces off
enable Indians to start
with Russia. The drills
their online businesses
come just days after the
without any investment.
British Royal Navy’s HMS
Flipkart aims to enable
Defender passed near
over 25 million online
Russian-annexed Crimea in
entrepreneurs by 2023 with
the Black Sea, with Moscow
the help of Shopsy. tenure of NITI Aayog Chief Réunion from 28 June to
saying it fired warning shots
17.
The incumbent Vigilance Executive Officer (CEO) at the destroyer to ward it 01 July 2021. From India,
Commissioner, Suresh N Amitabh Kant, by one year off. Admiral Karambir Singh,
Patel has been appointed as till June 30, 2022. Chief of the Naval Staff,
26.
French author Emmanuel Indian Navy, participated
21.
Air Marshal Vivek Ram Carrere, popular for his
Chaudhari will be the in the inaugural session of
non-fiction books in a the event virtually. France
new Vice Chief of Indian
Air Force succeeding Air is the current chair of
Marshal Harjit Singh Arora. the Symposium, which
assumed the Chairmanship
22. The Defence Research and on 29 June 2021 for a two-
Development Organisation year tenure.
the acting Central Vigilance
(DRDO) successfully test-
Commissioner (CVC) 29.
Ashgabat, the capital of
fired an extended-range
of India in the Central
Turkmenistan in Central in Bristol. She took 17 years better at their work. Sports sandcastle measuring 17.66
Asia, has been named the and 150 days to make her journalists help millions m in
world’s most expensive city debut in all formats. She has of people in the world to
for foreign workers. The become the fifthyoungest receive information on
city topped the list in a 2021 cricketer overall in the list various sports.
cost-of-living survey by of all format debuts.
38.
The World UFO Day
consultancy firm Mercer.
34. Indian wrestler Sumit Malik (WUD) is held on July 2
Hong Kong was on the
was banned for two years by every year globally. It is a
second position, followed
the sport’s world day dedicated to the Germany in 2019. Dutch
by Beirut in Lebanon and
Tokyo in Japan. creator, Wilfred Stijger, was
assisted by 30 of the world’s
30.
The ace Indian archer best sand sculptors.
Deepika Kumari, created
a new world record as she 42.
A book titled ‘The
claimed three back-to-back Fourth Lion: Essays for
gold medals in a single day, existence of Unidentified Gopalkrishna Gandhi’
during the Archery World Flying Objects (UFO) authored by Venu Madhav
Cup Stage 3, held in Paris. governing body UWW after by the World UFO Day Govindu and Srinath
his B sample also returned Organization (WUFODO). Raghavan. The book
31. ICC Men’s T20 World Cup, positive for a prohibited consists of twenty-six essays
originally slated to be held stimulant. 39. Filmmaker Raj Kaushal, contributed by individuals
in India, will now be shifted who directed movies drawn from various walks
to the UAE. The Board 35. Top para high-jumper like “Shaadi Ka Laddoo” of life and from across the
of Control for Cricket in Mariyappan Thangavelu and “Pyaar Mein Kabhi globe.
India (BCCI), which holds was named the flag-bearer Kabhi”, passed away. He
the hosting rights of this of the Indian contingent was married to actor-TV 43.
A new book titled “The
year’s event, will inform in the Tokyo Paralympics, presenter Mandira Bedi. Light of Asia” authored
the International Cricket which begins on August 24. by Jairam Ramesh is a
40.
Haiti President, Jovenel biography of an epic bio-
Council (ICC) in this 36.
celebrated to honour the Moise was assassinated and poem on the Buddha.
regard. The T20 World Cup Chartered Accountant. his wife wounded in Ramesh, the author,
was postponed last year due
to the pandemic. Member of Parliament,
former Union Minister, and
32.
Madhya Pradesh all- Congress leader, digs deep
rounder Anshula Rao in his new book to bring out
became the first women the fascinating story behind
cricketer to be handed a the epic 1879 poem, “The
four-year ban after failing Light of Asia” by Sir Edwin
• The National Doctors’ an attack at their home, Arnold, that took the world
Day is organized on 01 the interim prime minister by storm and in some ways,
July annually in India announced an act that risks brought the Buddha’s story
by the Indian Medical further destabilizing the to the world at the turn of
Association (IMA). The Caribbean nation beset by the last century.
day is celebrated to honour gang violence and political 44.
Veteran advocate Kalyan
the great physicians and volatility. Narayan Bhattacharjee has
help us understand the
41. A sandcastle in Denmark
importance of doctors in
the dope test. She was has entered into new
our lives and value them, to
handed the ban by the Guinness World Record for
offer them our respects by
panel of the National Anti- being the tallest sandcastle
commemorating one of their
Doping Agency for faking a in the world. The triangular-
greatest representatives.
dope test which dates back shaped sandcastle has
to July 2020. 37. World Sports Journalists been built in the town of
Day is observed globally on Blokhus in Denmark. It
33. Opener Shafali Verma has
2nd July every year. The day stands at a height of 21.16 been appointed as the new
become the youngest Indian
aims to acknowledge the metres (69.4 feet). This new Lokayukta in Tripura. He
cricketer to make a debut in
work of sports journalists structure is 3.5m taller than has been appointed to the
all formats, when India took
& to encourage them to do the previous record held by post for three years w.e.f.
on England in the first ODI
July 1. The Lokayukta Act will continue as Acting CEO worth of the deal is around
has been in force in Tripura supported by the Leadership Rs 499 crore.
since 2008 and in 2012, Team working closely with
53. India-origin woman Sirisha
the first Lokayukta was the ICC Board.
Bandla will travel to the edge
appointed in Tripura.
50.
The Army inducted the of the space aboard ‘VSS
45. Indian-American, Neha first production lot of 12 Unity’ of Virgin Galactic,
Parikh, has been appointed Short Span Bridging System which is scheduled to fly Verstappen won the
as the CEO of Waze, a crowd- (SSBS)-10m, designed and off on July 11 from New race ahead of Mercedes-
sourced GPS navigation app developed by the Defence Mexico. This is significant as AMG’s Valtteri Bottas and
and a subsidiary of tech Research and Development she will be the third woman McLaren’s Lando Norris.
giant Google. Organisation (DRDO) in of Indian origin to go to Lewis Hamilton – Bottas’
association with Larsen space after Kalpana Chawla teammate and Verstappen’s
46.
Jim Whitehurst has challenger for the 2021
& Toubro Limited, the and Sunita Williams.
announced he is stepping Drivers’ championship –
production agency.
down as the president of 54. Karsten Warholm, a came home in fourth place.
IBM. Whitehurst’s 51. On the occasion of the 25-year-old athlete from
57. MC Mary Kom, the six-time
world boxing champion,
and Manpreet Singh, the
men’s hockey team skipper,
will be India’s flag-bearers
at the opening ceremony
of the Tokyo Olympics,
Norway, broke the long- announced Indian Olympic
resignation is being seen standing world record in Association (IOA). Bajrang
as one of the several birthday of Captain the 400m hurdles during Punia, a silver medallist at
management moves IBM Gurjinder Singh Suri, who the Bislett Games. Earlier
announced. died during the operation the record was held by
47. N Venudhar Reddy, an “Birsa Munda” in 1999, the American hurdler Kevin
Indian Information Service, Indian Army inaugurated a Young for 29 years. His
IIS Officer of 1988 batch war memorial in memory mark of 46.78 seconds was
took charge as Director of Captain in Gulmarg near set at the 1992 Olympics
General of All India Radio. the Line of Control (LOC). in Barcelona, Spain, which
Lieutenant Colonel (Col), was finally broken with the 2018 World Wrestling
48. The Indian Army has named Tej Prakash Singh Suri an official time of 46.70 Championships, will be the
one of its firing ranges in (Retd), father of Captain seconds by Warholm. flag-bearer at the closing
Kashmir after Bollywood Gurjinder Singh Suri, MVC ceremony on August 8.
actress Vidya Balan. The 55.
India captain Mithali
(Posthumous) was also 58. Veteran England fast
Vidya Balan firing range is Raj became the highest
present on the occasion. bowler James Anderson has
situated at Gulmarg in the rungetter in women’s cricket
Gurjinder Singh Suri was added another feather to his
Baramulla district of Jammu across formats, overtaking
later awarded Maha Vir cap as he completed 1000
& Kashmir. former England skipper
Chakra (Posthumous). wickets in first-class cricket.
Charlotte Edwards. Mithali
49.
The International Cricket 52.
The Bharat Dynamics became the world’s most Anderson achieved the rare
Council (ICC) has Limited (BDL) has signed a prolific batter in women’s feat during Lancashire’s
discontinued the services of contract with the internationals, overtaking County Championship
Manu Sawhney as the Chief Edwards’ 10,273 runs. clash against Kent in
Executive Officer (CEO) Suzie Bates of New Zealand Manchester. Anderson is
is third with 7849 runs. the leading wicket-taker
Stafanie Taylor (7832) and among pacers in Test
Meg Lanning (7024) round cricket. In 162 Tests, the
up the top five. England great has claimed
617 wickets at an average
56. Red Bull’s Max Verstappen of 26.67 with 30 five-fors
won the Austrian Grand and three 10-wicket match
with immediate effect. Ministry of Defence for the Prix at the Red Bull Ring, hauls.
The decision was taken by manufacture and supply of the ninth race of the
the ICC Board during its Akash missiles to the Indian 2021 Formula 1 World 59.
World Zoonoses Day is
meeting. Geoff Allardice Air Force (IAF). The total Championship season. held every year on July 6
to raise awareness of the of the maestro of Indian University in Dhaka to

risk of zoonotic diseases. cinema Shri Satyajit Ray, set up this Chair at Delhi
Zoonoses are infectious the “Satyajit Ray Lifetime University.
diseases (virus, bacteria and Achievement Award for
70.
Union Minister Piyush
parasites) that can spread Excellence in Cinema” has
Goyal has been appointed
from animals to humans, been instituted from this
as the Leader of the
and vice versa, either with of Bollywood. He was last year to be given at the IFFI
House in Rajya Sabha. His
direct contact with animals seen in the 1998 film Qila. every year starting from this
appointment is effective
or indirectly, vector-borne He was the first actor to year.
or food-borne. It was on July win the Filmfare Award for 66.
The United Nations’
6, 1885, when Louis Pasteur Best Actor in 1954 and won World Meteorological
successfully administered it a total of 8 times. He and Organization, recognised
Shah Rukh Khan jointly a new record high
hold the record for most temperature for Antarctica.
Filmfare trophies. On February 6, 2020, the
63.
Ace filmmaker Richard Esperanza station (the
Argentine research station from July 06, 2021. He will
Donner, best known for succeed Thawar Chand
in Trinity Peninsula)
experienced 18.3 degrees Gahlot, who has taken
Celsius. charge as the Governor of
the first vaccine against
Karnataka.
Rabies virus, which is a 67.
Singer Ananya Birla has
zoonotic disease. teamed up with music 71. Prime Minister Narendra
maestro AR Rahman to Modi has inaugurated the
60. World Chocolate Day or
launch a cheer song for International Cooperation
International Chocolate helming the original
Indian sports personalities and Convention Centre
Day is observed on 7th ‘Superman’ film, ‘Lethal
“Rudraksh”, in Varanasi,
July every year. The day Weapon’ film series and ‘The
Uttar Pradesh. The centre
celebrates the existence of Goonies’, has passed away
will become an attractive
chocolate in our lives. It is The 91-year-old filmmaker
destination for conferences
marked by eating chocolates was at the forefront of some
and pull in tourists and
and sharing with dear ones. of the most popular genres
businesspersons to the city.
61. National Fish Farmers’ Day in the history of mainstream
cinema: the superhero as they gear up for 72.
Prime Minister Narendra
is celebrated every year on
movie, the horror flick, the Tokyo Olympics. Titled Modi has addressed the
10 July, by the Department
buddy cop romps. “Hindustani Way”, the song nation on July 15, 2021, on
of Fisheries,
has been sung by Ananya the occasion of World Youth
64.
Two-time Olympic gold
medallist in hockey, Keshav and composed by Rahman.
Datt passed away. He was Minister of Information
part of India’s historic feat and Broadcasting, Anurag
at the 1948 Olympics where Thakur also present in the
they beat home team Britain launch of the song.
4-0 at the Wembley Stadium 68.
The Union Minister for
in London to win the first Road Transport and Skills Day 2021 and the 6th
Ministry of Fisheries,
gold post Independence. Highways, Nitin Gadkari, anniversary of the Skill India
Animal Husbandry and
Dairying in association 65.
The 52nd edition of inaugurated India’s first Mission. In his address,
with the National Fisheries the International Film private Liquefied Natural Prime Minister highlighted
Development Board Festival of India (IFFI) Gas (LNG) facility plant at “Skill development of the
(NFDB). will be held in Goa from Nagpur in Maharashtra. youth of new generation is
20th -28th November 69. Delhi University will have a national need and a huge
62. Legendary Bollywood actor foundation for self-reliant
2021. The regulations and a ‘Bangabandhu Chair’ to
Mohammed Yusuf Khan, India”.
poster for the 52nd IFFI foster a better understanding
known professionally as
were released by Hon’ble of developments in 73. Uttar Pradesh chief minister
Dilip Kumar passed away at
Minister of Information and Bangladesh. An MoU Yogi Adityanath has
98. He was popularly known
Broadcasting Shri Prakash was signed between the launched a population
as the tragedy king
Javadekar. On the occasion Indian Council for Cultural
of the birth centenary Relations (ICCR) and Delhi
77. China has officially begun

the construction of the
satellite GISAT-1 onboard

by the Indira Gandhi GSLV-F10 rocket on August
policy that aims to National Centre for Arts. 12.
incentivise couples who world’s first commercial
modular small reactor 81. A new book titled ‘The 85. The Indian Space Research
do not have more than
‘Linglong One’ at the Art of Conjuring Alternate Organisation (ISRO) has
two babies. Stating that
Changjiang Nuclear Power Realities: How Information successfully conducted the
population control is related
Plant in the country’s Warfare Shapes Your third long-duration hot
to awareness among masses
Hainan Province. The World’, authored by Shivam test of the liquid propellant
and poverty, Adityanath said
project is based on Shankar Singh and Anand Vikas Engine for the core
every community has been
China National Nuclear Venkatanarayanan. The L110 liquid stage of the
taken care of in Population
Corporation’s (CNNC’s Book is Published by human-rated GSLV Mk III
Policy 2021-2030.
Linglong One (ACP100) HarperCollins. vehicle, as part of the engine
74.
The country’s first ‘Grain technology. qualification requirements
ATM’ has been set up as a 82. A book titled “The Struggle for the Gaganyaan
pilot project in Gurugram, 78. The United Arab Emirates Within: A Memoir of the Programme.
Haryana. It is an automatic has became the first Gulf Emergency” authored by
nation to open an embassy Ashok Chakravarti. He is 86. Lionel Messi-led Argentina
machine, which works
in Israel, nearly a year after beat Neymar’s Brazil 1- 0 to
just like a bank ATM.
both countries signed an win the Copa America final
This machine has been
match, held at the Maracana
installed under the ‘World
Stadium in Rio de Janeiro.
Food Programme’ of the
With this win, Lionel Messi
United Nations (UN), and
is called the ‘Automated,
Multi Commodity, Grain an economist who has been
Dispensing Machine’ providing policy advice to
75. Ethiopia’s ruling Prosperity agreement to normalise countries, mainly in the
Party was declared the diplomatic ties. The new African region, for the past
winner of last month’s mission is located in Tel forty years. He is currently
Aviv Stock Exchange Senior Economic Advisor has secured his first major
building. The ceremony to the Government of international trophy. The
was attended by new Israeli Zimbabwe, based in Harare. 2021 Copa America was the
President Isaac Herzog. 47th edition of the annual
83. A book titled “The Great international men’s football
79.
Singapore has unveiled Big Lion” drawn and championship organised
one of the world’s largest written by child prodigy by South America’s football
national election in a floating solar panel farms. Chryseis Knight. This book ruling body CONMEBOL.
landslide, assuring a second The project is part of efforts is a story about a lion and
by the country to meet two children. It talks about 87. Bangladesh cricketer
five-year term for Prime Mahmudullah Riyad has
Minister Abiy Ahmed. a goal of quadrupling its friendship, inclusivity,
solar energy production by wildlife conservation and announced his retirement
76. Nepali Congress President 2025 to help tackle climate the world of imagination. from Test cricket in the
Sher Bahadur Deuba on change. The book was published by
13th July became the Penguin Random House
country’s Prime Minister 80.
Prime Minister Narendra
Modi has received the first India’s “Puffin” imprint.
for the fifth time. His
appointment is in line with copy of “The Ramayana of 84. The Indian Space Research
the ruling issued by the Shri Guru Gobind Singh Organisation (ISRO) is
Supreme Court on 12th July Ji” which is written by the getting back into launch
to make way for his claim to late Baljit Kaur Tulsi—the activity fully at Sriharikota middle of Bangladesh’s
the premiership, replacing mother of noted lawyer KTS spaceport with the planned one-off Test match against
incumbent K P Sharma Oli. Tulsi. The book is published orbiting of geo imaging Zimbabwe at the Harare
Sports Club. Mahmudullah planning, poverty, maternal support and recognize the Boldak district of Kandahar
made his Test debut in 2009 health, human rights, etc. work of the International province in Afghanistan on
during Bangladesh’s tour of Criminal Court (ICC). July 13, 2021.
the West Indies.
95.
Former Indian cricketer, 98. Former president of
88. Indian-American Samir Yashpal Sharma, who was a Pakistan Mamnoon Hussain
Banerjee has won the passed away. Mamnoon
Wimbledon Junior Men`s Hussain, who was born in
title at Number 1 Court. Agra in 1940 and migrated
He defeated Victor Lilov of with his parents to Pakistan
America by 7-5, 6-3 in the This year theme of World in 1947, served as the
Junior Men`s finals to lift Population Day 2021: “the 12th President of Pakistan
the trophy at All England impact of the Covid-19 between September 2013
Club. pandemic on fertility”. • member of the Indian team and September 2018.
that won the 1983 Cricket
89.
The state government of 92.
The United Nations has World Cup, has passed away. 99.
India’s and Asia’s first
Haryana will organise the declared 12th July as World He represented India in 37 National Dolphin Research
Khelo India Youth Games Malala Day to Tests and 42 ODIs. He was a Centre (NDRC) will come
2021 in February 2022. middle-order batsman, who upon the bank of the
Earlier the sports show was played during the 1970s and
scheduled to be held from 80s.
November 21 to December
5, 2021, but has been shifted 96. Three-time national award-
due to the possible third winning actress Surekha
wave of Covid-19 pandemic Sikri has passed away. The
and keeping in mind that
Khelo India Youth Games
honour the young activist, Ganges in the premises of
Malala Yousafzai. Malala Patna University. Around
Day is commemorated, 1,455 dolphins have been
the birthday of Malala sighted during a survey
Yousafzai to honour women conducted in 2018-19 in the
and children’s rights around river Ganga by the teams of
the world. three-time National Award experts.
2021 are to be held in the winner is best known for her
Under-18 category. 93. United Nations celebrates 100.The Manduadih railway
performances in ‘Tamas’,
World Youth Skills Day station has been finally
90.
Rajasthan schools rank ‘Mammo’, ‘Salim Langde Pe
globally on 15 July every renamed as Banaras by
last in the Gender Parity Mat Ro’, ‘Zubeidaa’, ‘Badhaai
year. The theme of World the Northeastern railways
Index (GPI) at the higher Ho’ and daily soap ‘Balika
Youth Skills Day 2021 is (NER). The NER replaced
secondary level when Vadhu’.
“Reimagining Youth Skills the old signboard with
compared with the rest of 97. Pulitzer Prize-winning
the country, reveals the Post-Pandemic”.
Indian photojournalist,
Unified District Information 94.
The World Day for Danish Siddiqui, has passed
System for Education Plus International Justice, away, after he was killed in a
(UDISE+) report 2019- (also known as Day of
20, which analyses trends International Criminal
in school education in the
country.
91.
World Population Day is the new one which read
observed globally on 11th ‘Banaras’ after the Railway
July every year. This day is Board gave its nod for
observed to raise awareness the new name. The newly
among people about painted signboards were
the impact of a growing put up with Banaras written
population and issues clash while reporting a fight in Hindi, Sanskrit, English,
Justice or International
including gender equality, between Afghan troops and Urdu
Justice Day), is celebrated
the importance of family globally on July 17 to and the Taliban in Spin
Legal Current Affairs

1. The Spanish government need the Cabinet approval Legal Services Authority to abstain from appearing
approved a draft bill that and assent from both the Act, 1987. before the Peace Harmony
would allow anyone over houses of Parliament to Committee constituted
4. The Supreme Court bench
the age of 14 to legally become a Law. A previous by the Delhi Assembly.
of Justices S. Abdul Nazeer
change gender without draft had been introduced Also, the court rejected
and Krishna Murari has
a medical diagnosis in 2018 but that could not the simplistic approach
directed the Union of
or hormone therapy. be introduced in Rajya adopted by Facebook that
India and all States to file
Currently, for someone to Sabha amid stiff opposition it is merely a platform
status reports on the latest
change their gender in from Parliamentarians posting third-party
developments regarding
and experts. The Bill has information and has
increased the scope of no role in generating,
the nature of offenses of controlling or modulating
trafficking as well as the that information.
kind of victims of these
6. The Supreme Court bench
offenses, with stringent
of Justices J Chelameswar
penalties including life
and Rohinton F Nariman
imprisonment, and even
official records, the law issued a notice to the
the death penalty in cases vacancies and pendency
first requires two years of Centre on the use of Section
of an extreme nature. in the Central Information
hormone therapy and a 66A of the Information
Commission (CIC)
psychological evaluation. 3. The Justice Department Technology Act, 2000 that
and State Information
Under the provisions of commemorated the was scrapped several years
Commissions (SICs). The
the “draft law for real and milestone of crossing 9 lakh ago. The order came after
apex court took up for
effective equality for trans beneficiaries under its Tele- the NGO People’s Union
hearing a 2018 plea filed
people and for guaranteeing Law programme through for Civil Liberties (PUCL)
by RTI activists Anjali
LGBTI rights”, only those Common Service Centres. moved the Supreme
Bhardwaj, Amrita Johri
aged 12 and over would It was launched by the Court with complaint
and Commodore Lokesh
be allowed to change Ministry of Law and Justice that Section 66A was
K. Batra (Retd), gave the
their gender. Those aged in collaboration with the still being invoked by the
Centre and states four
between 12 and 14 would Ministry of Electronics and police and in some trial
weeks to file the affidavits.
need judicial authorisation, Information Technology courts. In past, the court
while anyone aged 14 to 16 (MeitY) in 2017 to address 5. A three-judge bench of struck down the provision
would need the consent of cases at the pre–litigation the Supreme Court led as unconstitutional and a
their legal representative – stage. It is presently by Justice Sanjay Krishna violation of free speech in
usually a family member. operating in 633 districts, Kaul upheld the authority 2015 in the Shreya Singhal
Those aged 16 and over across 34 UTs/States. of Delhi Assembly’s Peace Case. This section deals
would face no restrictions. It connects Lawyers to and Harmony Committee with giving power police
Litigants through video to summon Facebook to make arrests over what
2. The Ministry of Women
conferencing facilities policemen, in terms of their
and Child Development
and telephone service to subjective discretion, could
released Draft anti-
provide legal advice. It construe as “offensive”
trafficking Bill, the
was launched with the aim or “menacing” or for
Trafficking in Persons
of reaching out to needy the purposes of causing
(Prevention, Care and
especially the marginalized annoyance, inconvenience,
Rehabilitation) Bill, 2021.
and disadvantaged. It etc.
enables anyone to seek legal India’s senior official Ajit
Mohan in connection 7. The Leader of Opposition
advice without wasting
with the February 2020 in the Goa Legislative
precious time and money.
communal violence. Assembly, Digambar
The service is free for those
The court observed that Kamat, is set to move
who are eligible for free
Facebook cannot claim a private member’s
legal Aid as mentioned
The bill once finalised will any “exceptional privilege” resolution to recommend
under Section 12 of the
to the Central government the attention of the House However, the Bill seeking Joseph and Justice BR Gavai
to address the various to a definite matter of to reserve one-third of all to hear a fresh challenge
issues associated with the urgent public importance. seats for women in the Lok to the provision allowing
anti-defection law. Sabha and the Legislative restitution (recovery) of
9. The Ministry of Civil
Assemblies lapsed with the conjugal rights under
Aviation has unveiled
15th Lok Sabha. Hindu personal laws
the Draft Drone Rules,
(Hindu Marriage act
2021 based on “trust, self- 11.
A Supreme Court bench
1955). The Public Interest
certification and non- headed by Chief Justice
Litigation filed by Ojaswa
intrusive monitoring”. The
Pathak challenges Section 9
The proposed changes of the Hindu Marriage Act,
included the option that which deals with restitution
such matters be referred of conjugal rights. The law
directly to the high court or is being challenged now
the Supreme Court for an on the main grounds that
express judgment -- should it violates the fundamental
be given within a period of right to privacy.
60 days. The second option new rules would replace
13.
A Supreme Court bench
is that if somebody has any the existing Unmanned
of Justices R.F. Nariman,
difference of opinion with Aircraft System (UAS) NV Ramana heard a plea K.M. Joseph and B.R.
respect to the party or the Rules, notified in March, filed by Editors Guild of Gavai upheld a 2013
party leadership, he has the 2021. It aims to create a India and a former major judgment of the Gujarat
option to resign and seek “digital sky platform” as a general, challenging High Court and struck
the fresh mandate of the business-friendly single- the Constitutionality of down certain provisions
people. window online system Section 124A (sedition) of the Constitution (97th
for procuring various in the IPC. The court puts
8. The Shiromani Akali Dal Amendment) Act, 2011.
approvals. There will be a strong message to the
(Political Party) has decided The bench by a 2:1 majority
minimal human interface government that sedition
to move an Adjournment on the digital sky platform is being misused by the
Motion in the Lok Sabha and most permission will authorities to trample
against the government be self-generated. upon citizens’ fundamental
on the three controversial rights of free speech and
farm laws - the “Farmers’ 10. TMC (Trinamool
Congrees) has raised the liberty. SC made it clear
Produce Trade and that the court is sensitive
Commerce (Promotion demand of bringing the
long-pending Women’s to the public demand
and Facilitation) Act, to judicially review the
Reservation Bill to
Parliament, ahead of the manner in which law
monsoon session. The Bill enforcement authorities
was introduced in are using the sedition law
to control free speech and
send journalists, activists verdict upheld the validity
and dissenters to jail, and of the 97th constitutional
keep them there. amendment that deals with
2020, the “Farmers 12.
A Supreme Court bench issues related to effective
(Empowerment and comprising Justice RF management of cooperative
Protection) Agreement of societies but struck down a
Price Assurance and Farm part inserted by it which
Services Act, 2020 and the relates to the Constitution
“Essential Commodities and working of cooperative
the Rajya Sabha in May
(Amendment) Act, 2020” societies. Further, Justice
2008 and was referred to
were cleared by Parliament Joseph has given a partly
a standing committee. In
last year. Adjournment dissenting verdict and has
2010, it was passed in the
motion is introduced only struck down the entire 97th
House and transmitted
in the Lok Sabha to draw constitutional amendment.
finally to the Lok Sabha. Nariman, Justice KM
ARTICLES YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO MISS

WHY DO YOU NEED THE ‘COLONIAL
LAW’ OF SEDITION AFTER 75 YEARS OF
INDEPENDENCE, CJI ASKS GOVT.
The law, used against Mahatma Gandhi and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, is prone to misuse by the government, says
Chief Justice N.V. Ramana
Chief Justice of India N.V. highlighting the “chilling ‘Stale laws’ particular government or State.
Ramana, in what may be effect” sedition has on the But do look at how Section 66A
an unprecedented judicial fundamental right of free The CJI asked the government of the Information Technology
criticism of the way the speech. The CJI’s remarks has why it did not throw out the Act is continuing to be used...
sedition law is used by the also opened the floor for debate sedition law along with the How many unfortunate people
government to crush liberties, and introspection on the court’s hundreds of “stale laws” it had have suffered? And there is no
asked why a colonial law used own judgment in 1962, in the expunged from the statute accountability for all this...” he
against Mahatma Gandhi and Kedar Nath case, which upheld books. noted.
Bal Gangadhar Tilak continued Section 124A.
“Your government is taking The CJI said the sweeping
to survive in the law book after
The CJI drew the attention of out a lot of stale laws from the powers of Section 124A gives
75 years of Independence.
“Sedition is a colonial law.
It suppresses freedoms. It
was used against Mahatma
Gandhi, Tilak... Is this law
necessary after 75 years
of Independence?” Chief
Justice Ramana, heading a
three-judge Bench, orally
addressed Attorney General
K.K. Venugopal and Solicitor
General Tushar Mehta,
appearing for the Centre.
The CJI said sedition or Section
124A of the Indian Penal Code
was prone to misuse by the
government.
“The use of sedition is like
giving a saw to the carpenter to
cut a piece of wood and he uses
it to cut the entire forest itself,”
Chief Justice Ramana lashed
out.
The CJI’s oral statement in
open court takes a significant
note amidst rising public the Attorney General to the even a village police officer
conviction rates under sedition. law books, why have they not carte blanche to trample on the
denouncement of Central
looked into this,” Chief Justice right to liberty and free speech
and State law enforcement
“If you look at the history of Ramana asked Mr. Venugopal. of ordinary citizens.
agencies using the sedition law
use of this Section 124A of
to silence dissent, muffle free People had suffered and were
IPC, you will find that the “If a police officer wants to
expression and for denying scared of the misuse of the
conviction rate is very low. fix anybody in a village for
bail to incarcerated activists, sedition law, Chief Justice
There is misuse of power by something, he can use Section
journalists, students and civil Ramana said.
executive agencies,” the Chief 124A... People are scared. Our
society members. A number
Justice said. concern is misuse of the law
of petitions have been filed “We are not blaming any
and the lack of accountability.
Why has it continued in the Mr. Venugopal submitted that and cartoonist Aseem Trivedi. hearing.
statute book even after 75 the court need not strike down The Bench noted that two
years of our Independence,” Section 124A. other petitions filed by Kishore Meanwhile, senior journalist
Chief Justice Ramana asked Chandra Wangkemcha and Arun Shourie and NGO
the government’s law officers “It is enough to see if there were M/s Aamoda Broadcasting Common Cause, both
repeatedly. any excesses in its use and limit Company Private Limited, represented by advocate
the Section to its real purpose… the latter against the Andhra Prashant Bhushan, has moved
The Chief Justice said the That would be enough,” Mr. Pradesh government, is pending the Supreme Cour to quash
Supreme Court would Venugopal said. before the Supreme Court. Both Section 124A. Their petition
“definitely look into this Section cases concern sedition charges. contended that a “presumption
124A”. The Bench issued notice to of constitutionality does not
the Centre on a petition filed A Bench led by Justice U.U. apply to pre-constitutional laws
‘Grave situation’ by retired Army General S.G. Lalit had issued notice in the as those laws have been made
Vombatkere, represented by Wangkemcha case. The Aamoda by foreign legislature or body”.
“The situation on the ground advocates P.B. Suresh and petition is before a Bench led by
is grave... If one party does not Prasanna S., to quash Section Source link:-https://www.
Justice D.Y. Chandrachud. The
like what the other is saying, 124A. thehindu.com/news/national/
CJI Bench on Thursday said all
Section 124A is used... It is a is-this-law-necessary-sc-
these petitions posed “similar
serious threat to the functioning In its order, the court has also seeks-centres-response-on-
questions of law”. The Bench
of individuals and parties,” issued notice to the government pleas-challening-sedition-law/
ordered the cases to be listed
Chief Justice Ramana noted. on a writ petition filed jointly article35336402.ece
before an appropriate Bench for
by the Editors Guild of India
COVID PANDEMIC LED TO 27% RISE IN

CHILD MARRIAGES
Domestic violence and crime against women soared due to lockdown; reveals
WDCW data.
HYDERABAD: The Covid 1,355 cases of child marriage number is much higher. Officials 2019-March, 2020.
pandemic that broke out over were averted from April, 2020 say that urban areas, such as
a year ago, has indirectly led to March, 2021, a 27 per cent Hyderabad, which usually Domestic violence
to a drastic increase in crimes increase. witness fewer child marriage
The Covid-induced lockdown
against women and children
also led to increasing domestic
in the State, especially cases of
abuse against women. Mala
domestic violence and child
(name changed) a home-
marriages. Experts claim
maker residing in Hyderabad
that the pandemic-induced
complained that just weeks into
lockdown has reversed decades
the lockdown, her husband,
of progress made in reducing
who earlier used to be abusive
child marriage and domestic
verbally and emotionally,
violence.
started physically assaulting her
Telangana witnessed a 27 per regularly.She’s not the only one
cent increase in child marriages suffering such assaults. Since
in just the last year. According to the pandemic, (April, 2020-
the data provided by the Women March,2021) around 1,250
Development and Child Welfare more DV and dowry cases were
Department, from February, reported in the State, a 17 per
2019 to March, 2020, 977 cases cent increase from the previous
of child marriages were averted. year. From April, 2019 to March
But soon after the lockdown was 2020, around 6,000 cases of
imposed in the State, resulting domestic violence and dowry
in schools being shut, no mid- cases were reported.
day meals, and jobs being lost, Shockingly, as per the WCD cases, reported an increase this Source link:-https://www.
several parents from a weaker data, in Hyderabad, post the year post the lockdown. The newindianexpress.com/states/
economic background opted lockdown, around 22 child city witnessed 56 child marriage telangana/2021/apr/10/covid-
to marry off their girl child. marriages were averted, cases since the pandemic, pandemicled-to-27-rise-in-
They forced their male children however, Hyderabad Childline claimed Childline officials, a 19 child-marriages-2288264.html
into child labour. In Telangana, officials claim that the actual per cent increase from March,
BENGAL ASSEMBLY PASSES RESOLUTION

TO CREATE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, BJP
SAYS WILL OPPOSE IT IN PARLIAMENT
The West Bengal Assembly has a passed a resolution calling for creation of a legislative
council in the state.
he Mamata Banerjee-led Assembly on Tuesday. assembly by November to retain will oppose it in Parliament.
Trinamool Congress (TMC) her post. The chief minister knew about
government on Tuesday was As per law, West Bengal the and was hence not present
able to pass a resolution in can have a maximum of 94 The other way to do this is during the voting,” he said.
the state assembly in favour of members in the legislative through the legislative council.
creating a legislative council in council (one-third of total However, West Bengal does not “We oppose it. There is a law.
the state under Article 169 of assembly seats), in case the have any legislative council at If it is passed here, it has to be
the Constitution. resolution gets support of the present. passed in the Lok Sabha and
Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha. the Rajya Sabha. We have 300
The resolution was passed Refuting Suvendu Adhikari’s plus members in the Lok Sabha.
with 196 votes in favour and BJP SAYS TMC TRYING allegations that the council We will oppose it there as well.
69 against it. The West Bengal TO ACCOMMODATE will be used accommodate the What is the use of passing it
Legislative Assembly has a UNELECTED LEADERS unelected, Partha Chatterjee here?” he asked.
strength of 294 members but said the chief minister does not
Opposing the resolution, BJP Apart from the BJP, the lone
ISF MLA Noushad Siddiqui
also objected to the resolution.
Noushad claimed that the
expenditure would be huge and
the cost could be used for other
developmental works in the
state.
DO OTHER STATES HAVE
LEGISLATIVE COUNCILS?
Yes.
At present six states -- Bihar,
Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and
Karnataka -- have a Legislative
Council.
West Bengal too had the
Legislative Council (in fact, it
was the first state to have the
upper house in 1937). However,
only 265 were present during need a backdoor channel. in 1969, the then coalition
leader and Leader of Opposition government of Left parties
the voting.
Suvendu Adhikari said creating “Mamata Banerjee does not use abolished the legislative council
Creating a legislative council a legislative council will come backdoor channels to get people as it was considered to be a
was one of the key poll at an immense financial burden in the assembly. She uses the “symbol of elitism”.
promises made by Mamata on the state. He added that front door. Always. Personalities
Banerjee. In the run-up to the this would also become a route from different walks of our In recent times, creating a
assembly polls, she had said for the ruling TMC to adjust society will come in the legislative council has been a
TMC leaders who have not leaders who have lost elections. counciland that is what Mamata bone of contention for three
been given tickets would be sent Banerjee wants,” he said. decades in Tamil Nadu. In 2010,
Chief Minister Mamata the Assam Assembly and in
to the legislative council.
Banerjee herself lost the Suvendu Adhikari also argued 2012, the Rajasthan Assembly
Senior TMC leader and state assembly polls to Suvendu that as per the law, both Lok passed resolutions to set up
minister Partha Chatterjee Adhikari in Nandigram. Sabha and Rajya Sabha need to legislative councils.
tabled the resolution in the She has to get elected to the pass the resolution. “The BJP
These bills are still pending in to be introduced in Parliament. downgraded into a Union passes-resolution-to-create-
the Rajya Sabha. Territory. legislative-council-bjp-
Until 2019, Jammu and opposes-1824689-2021-07-06
On the other hand, Andhra Kashmir too had a legislative Source link:-https://www.
Pradesh wants to abolish the council but it was dissolved indiatoday.in/india/story/
legislative council. The bill is yet once the erstwhile state was west-bengal-assembly-
NIGERIAN GOVERNMENT-ENFORCED
TWITTER SUSPENSION TAKES EFFECT
The Nigeria government said on June 4 it was indefinitely suspending Twitter in the nation, after the com-
pany deleted a controversial tweet President Muhammadu Buhari made about a secessionist movement.
Millions of Nigerians were deleted Mr. Buhari’s post on and other plans to gag the There are an estimated 40
unable to access Twitter on June June 2, calling it abusive. media, repress the civic space, million Twitter users in Nigeria.
5 after the government enforced and undermine Nigerians’ Many them young people
an indefinite suspension of More than 1 million people died human rights,” Amnesty said in who have been finding a way
the microblogging platform’s during the 1967-1970 civil war a statement. around the ban by turning to
operations in Nigeria. that erupted when secessionists virtual private network (VPN)
from the southeast sought to The U.S. mission in Nigeria apps to access the social media
The Association of Licensed create an independent Biafra said that Nigeria’s constitution platform.
Telecommunication Operators for the ethnic Igbo people. Mr. provides for freedom of
of Nigeria said in a statement Buhari, an ethnic Fulani, was expression. But the Attorney-General of
that its members have on the opposing side in the war the Federation and Minister of
suspended access to Twitter in against the Igbos. “The Government’s recent Justice, Abubakar Malami, has
compliance with a government #Twitterban undermines warned that those defying the
directive to do so. Decision widely condemned Nigerians’ ability to exercise this government’s ban on Twitter
will be prosecuted.
The Nigeria government said
on June 4 it was indefinitely The government has in the
suspending Twitter in Africa’s meantime ordered that all
most populous nation, after the over-the-top streaming services
company deleted a controversial and social media operations
tweet President Muhammadu in the country be licensed,
Buhari made about a an indication that it wants to
secessionist movement. restrict the use of media and
communications services
Minister of Information and like WhatsApp, Netflix, and
Culture Lai Mohammed said Facebook that use data provided
June 4 that government officials by internet service providers.
decided to suspend Twitter
because the platform was Many Nigerians fear President
being used “for activities that Buhari is planning another
are capable of undermining aggressive attack on free speech
Nigeria’s corporate existence.” as he did in 1984 when he was
Mr. Mohammed criticised The government’s decision fundamental freedom and sends head of a military government.
Twitter for deleting the post, to suspend Twitter is being a poor message to its citizens,
saying, “The mission of Twitter widely condemned. Amnesty At the time, he promulgated a
investors and businesses.
in Nigeria is very suspicious,” International said it condemns military decree that gave him
Banning social media and
and that Twitter had in the past the Nigerian government’s power to shut down media
curbing every citizen’s ability
ignored inciting tweets against suspension of a social media houses and to jail journalists for
to seek, receive, and impart
the Nigerian government. widely used by Nigerians to stories the government consider
information undermines
exercise their human rights unfavourable.
fundamental freedoms,” it said
In recent months, pro-Biafra including their rights to in a statement. Source link:-https://www.
separatists have been accused freedom of expression and
of attacking police and thehindu.com/news/
access to information. In its reaction, Twitter said
government buildings. In his international/nigerian-
it is deeply concerned by the
tweet, Mr. Buhari vowed to “We call on the Nigerian government-enforced-twitter-
government’s action saying free
“treat them in the language authorities to immediately suspension-takes-effect/
and open internet is an essential
they understand.” Twitter had reverse the unlawful suspension article34743093.ece
human right in modern society.
TMC MP SANTANU SEN SUSPENDED FROM

RAJYA SABHA FOR ENTIRE MONSOON
SESSION OF PARLIAMENT
IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw was reading the governmnet’s statement on the Peg-
asus issue in Rajya Sabha on Thursday
TMC MP Santanu Sen was “Santanu Sen, please withdraw raised the issue of Sen being IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw
today uspended from Rajya from House. Allow the House threatened by a minister, but the while he was speaking on
Sabha for remaining part of to function: says RS Chairman chairman said it happened after ‘Pegasus Project’ report in Rajya
monsoon session after motion & adjourns House till 12 the House was adjourned. Sabha.
passed in House. PM following an uproar that
started during TMC MP Meanwhile, amid the ongoing Speaking to ANI, BJP Rajya
Soon after the obituary Derek O’Brien’s statement over tiff over the Pegasus issue Sabha MP Swapan Dasgupta
references and laying of yesterday’s incident. between the Centre and said, “It seems that some
papers, Minister of State Opposition, TMC MP Santanu people of Opposition, notably
for Parliamentary Affairs “I am deeply distressed by the Sen on Thursday snatched the some of the TMC MPs, got
V Muraleedharan moved a course of events in House. statement from Electronics up and took the paper from
motion for Sen’s suspension Unfortunately, proceedings of and Information Technology the hands of the IT Minister
after the Trinamool Congress the House hit a new low with Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw Ashwini Vaishnaw while he was
(TMC) member snatched papers being snatched from the in Rajya Sabha and tore it into speaking on ‘Pegasus’ and tore it
up. This is completely unseemly
behaviour.”
“He was making a statement,
you had a right to question him
after that but instead of going
in for a debate, is this the type
of hooliganism we see inside
the House? This is completely
against all norms, I think it
should be condemned outright,”
added Dasgupta.
Vaishnaw was reading the
governmnet’s statement on the
Pegasus issue in Rajya Sabha on
Thursday.
“When they can kill their
opponents in Bengal &
misbehave with women, they
can do anything. Today they
snatched paper & tore it, it
won’t be a surprise if they tear
clothes tomorrow. I condemn
it,” said Mahesh Poddar, BJP
papers from Information Minister and torn into pieces. pieces. MP.
Technology Minister Ashwini Such actions are clear assault on
Vaishnaw and tore those in the our Parliamentary democracy,” Following this, there was a However, TMC MP Sukhendu
House on Thursday. said Rajya Sabha Chairman M verbal feud between BJP and Sekhar Roy evaded a question
Venkaiah Naidu. TMC MPs. Marshals intervened on the same outside Parliament.
Mansukh Mandaviya takes to bring the situation under
charge as Union health minister The TMC members protested control. Earlier on Thursday, Leader
and raised objection to the of Opposition in Rajya Sabha
The motion was passed by a manner in which the motion Heated words were exchanged Mallikarjun Kharge alleged that
voice vote and Chairman M was brought without listing it in between Union Minister the government is trying to
Venkaiah Naidu asked Sen to the day’s business. Hardeep Singh Puri and TMC scuttle down the issue.
leave the House. MP Santanu Sen after the
TMC MP Sukhendu Sekhar Ray latter snatched a paper from “We have been demanding for
discussion on Pegasus issue. same. It is an attempt to scuttle lawyers, and activists have Source link:-https://www.
But the government is only down and save themselves. appeared on the leaked list of livemint.com/politics/
giving a statement. One can They are not allowing other potential targets for surveillance news/tmc-mp-santanu-
only ask for clarification if a members to speak,” Kharge by an unidentified agency using sen-suspended-from-rajya-
statement is given and not all told ANI.The Opposition has Pegasus spyware. This comes sabha-for-entire-monsoon-
members will be able to speak. alleged that names of several following reports published in session-11627020631250.html
The government is doing the Indian politicians, journalists, The Wire.
JUSTICE N.V. RAMANA — THE HUMBLE

SC JUDGE WHO BROUGHT CJI OFFICE
UNDER RTI ACT
Justice N.V. Ramana, who has also faced controversy after Andhra CM Y.S. Jaganmohan Reddy
accused him of influencing judges of the state HC, has taken over as the 48th CJI.
New Delhi: Before he took him, Justice Ramana has Ramana’s appointment, Sneha during Emergency and also lost
oath as the country’s 48th Chief always maintained a calm and Kalita, a Supreme Court lawyer, an academic year. Recounting
Justice of India, Justice N.V. composed demeanour during said: “At this crisis time we are his experiences of those times,
Ramana received blessings court hearings, only speaking looking for a CJI who is not the judge at a book launch event
from the archakas (priests) through his judgments and is only a man of his principles, sometime back said he had “no
of the Tirumala Tirupati credited with delivering some but also with imbibed humility. regrets as he had seen many
Devasthanam and the Srisaila landmark verdicts underscoring And also I am very sure that youngsters sacrificing their lives
Devasthanam at his residence constitutional values and under his mentorship, he would to protect human rights”.
Saturday morning. principles of natural justice. definitely bring gender parity in
our judicial system.” Before he enrolled as an
Moments after the brief In October last year, he came advocate in 1983, Justice
ceremony got over, the new under attack from Andhra Student leader, journalist to Ramana dabbled as a journalist.
CJI headed to his office in Pradesh Chief Minister Y.S. CJI He worked with Eenadu
the Supreme Court to preside Jaganmohan Reddy who newspaper from 1979 to 1980
over an urgent meeting with publicly accused Justice Born to a family of farmers at and reported on political and
a few senior judges to discuss Ramana of influencing judges of Ponnavaram village in Andhra legal matters for the newspaper.
and work out the logistics of the state High Court to deliver Pradesh’s Krishna district,
court functioning in view of verdicts against his government. Justice Ramana was a student As an advocate he specialised in
Covid-19. leader, a journalist and a lawyer constitutional, criminal, service,
and inter-state river laws at the
“In the last few days, judges as Andhra Pradesh High Court.
well as the court staff have got
indisposed due to someone in Appointed as a permanent
their respective families falling judge of the state high court
ill due to Covid,” a source told in 2000, Justice Ramana was
ThePrint. “The court work appointed the Chief Justice of
cannot stop, therefore, the new the Delhi High Court in 2013
CJI called the meeting to work and a year later, was elevated as
out a protocol to be followed.” a judge of the Supreme Court.
The meeting was attended by Controversy over Justice

Justices R.F. Nariman, U.U. Ramana’s elevation
Lalit, A.M. Khanwilkar, D.Y.
The judge’s elevation came
Chandrachud, Ashok Bhushan
under a shadow when a
and L.N. Rao.
petition was filed against his
For Justice Ramana, to keep the appointment as a HC judge.
An in-house inquiry gave a before his stint as a judge. The two petitioners contended
court functioning during the
clean chit to Justice Ramana on before the Supreme Court
present unprecedented crisis is His tenure as the CJI will last
24 March, following which the that Justice Ramana was a
among the many challenges he right until 25 August 2022.
then CJI SA Bodbe went on to proclaimed offender in a rioting
faces as the new CJI.
designate him as his successor. case and that he hid this fact
As a student leader Justice
A “God-fearing” person, Ramana fought for civil liberties when he enrolled himself as a
Speaking to ThePrint on Justice
according to those who know lawyer in 1983.
The case pertained to large- fundamental right. It pulled “The sheer amount of time beyond five million cases. He
scale rioting in which several up the government for the and effort that is dedicated to would have to take immediate
students of Nagarjuna telecommunications blackout household work by individuals, measures to convince chief
University in Guntur, including after the semi-autonomous who are more likely to be justices to fast-track the process
the judge, allegedly damaged status of the region was women than men, is not of sending recommendations,
public property, including nullified. surprising when one considers given that the HCs have not
transport and buses. the plethora of activities a done it so far for over 200 posts.
He was also part of a bench homemaker undertakes,” he had
Interestingly, the petitioners in that brought the CJI’s office said in the verdict. Supreme Court advocate Sunil
the case were represented by under the Right to Information Fernandes sees Justice Ramana’s
senior advocate, the late Ram Act. Another bench led by Challenges facing the new CJI appointment as coming at a
Jethmalani, at whose instance Justice Ramana fast-tracked critical juncture.
Justice Ramana’s appointment cases pending against MPs and Justice Ramana takes over
was made. MLAs, a judgment that was as the head of judiciary at a “Every CJI has always had
perceived by many as a reason difficult time. The possibility of their fair share of challenges
When this fact was brought to for Reddy’s outrage. courts reopening for physical inside the Supreme Court. But
Ram Jethmalani’s notice, the hearing looks bleak now, given Justice Ramana faces a massive
latter wondered what he should The judge also delivered the massive spike in Covid-19 challenge outside the court also,
do. At the court’s suggestion, verdicts in several politically- infections in the Capital. in the form of the resurgent
the senior lawyer withdrew sensitive cases including the second wave of the Covid-19
from the case. one related to the Karnataka As the CJI, Justice Ramana pandemic,” the lawyer said.
assembly in 2019 where it was will have to further streamline “Safeguarding the image of the
In February 2013 the petition clarified that disqualification digital hearings that have been Supreme Court as a fiercely
was dismissed with a cost of Rs under the Tenth Schedule (anti- criticised by lawyers on multiple independent Constitutional
50,000 on the petitioners. defection law) for defection instances due to technical faults. body and timely filling up of the
could not operate as a bar for judicial vacancies in the SC and
Conventional judge who Another key challenge for
contesting elections again. various HCs are the other two
adheres to principle of judicial Justice Ramana would be to fill
big challenges that I can foresee
discipline In the case of Maharashtra, up the vacancies in the Supreme
for him. But he is known for
the judge had ordered an Court as well as the high courts,
Justice Ramana has been part his equanimity and consensual
immediate floor test in the state where there are just 416 judges
of several landmark judgments, approach and I have every
assembly to prevent horse- against a sanctioned strength of
some of which he has authored reason to believe that he will do
trading in 2019. 1,080.
himself. They reflect his a fine job.”
adherence to judicial discipline And in a judgment that put the There will also be 13 vacancies
Source link:-https://theprint.
and the rule of precedent. spotlight on gender inequality in the apex court during his
in/judiciary/justice-n-v-
when it came to insurance- tenure.
Deciding a batch of petitions ramana-the-humble-sc-judge-
claim cases, the judge ordered who-brought-cji-office-under-
against internet restrictions in The judge would have to
fixing a notional income for rti-act/645779/
the UT of Jammu and Kashmir, take measures to streamline
non-earning homemakers in
a bench led by him ruled appointments in high courts
such matters.
that access to the internet is a where the pendency has gone
THE UPCOMING CRISIS IN

INDIAN FEDERALISM
The national compact has to be reimagined so that post 2026, the most successful States are not
punished politically
The Indian Constitution may population growth among compact ends, there will be federal principle in the Indian
face an unprecedented crisis States. India’s most highly a seismic shift in national Constitution.
in 2026 when there will be developed and prosperous power towards India’s poorest
a dramatic change in the States have been successful and most populated States, The essence of the Union
composition of the Lok Sabha. at family planning, while the which is sure to generate much
As Article 1 of the Indian
Since 1976, seats in the Lok poorer States continue to resentment among the States
Constitution says, India is a
Sabha have reflected the 1971 expand. The freeze was thus a that will lose political and
Union of States. The choice
census and have not taken chance to ensure that India’s economic power and influence.
of words is deliberate: it is the
into account changes in the most successful States are not This calls for a realignment
several States that, together,
population. The primary reason punished politically for their in the balance between the
make up the Indian Union.
for this has been unequal success. Post 2026, when this democratic principle and the
Admittedly, unlike in other
federations, there is no separate role in national governance. other direction, that they have people for greater autonomy.
State citizenship or State Third, Presidents are elected been accused of essentially
Constitutions. However, one by electoral votes, which facilitating and entrenching In India, any clash between
need only study the history means they must win States minority rule through the federal principles and
that led up to the linguistic rather than the total national Senate, which favours rural, democracy will inevitably
reorganisation of States in population. Fourth, and sparsely populated States that also have linguistic, religious
1956, and to subsequent deplorably, the slave-owning are also predominantly white. and cultural implications
movements for Statehood States which did not confer and may result in new forms
afterwards, to understand that citizenship on slaves were The Indian structure of sub-regional chauvinism.
States are distinct associative allowed to count the slaves for Thus, there is an urgent need
Other federations (Switzerland to reimagine our national
communities, within the purposes of representation,
and Belgium come to compact — another freeze
federal structure of the Indian with each slave being counted
mind) have adopted other will only kick this thorny
Union. Indeed, in a polity as as three-fifths of a person.
— less extreme — forms of issue down the road and will
plural as ours – linguistically,
This essential structure remains reconciliation. However, India’s continue to perpetuate an
culturally, and ethnically – it
the bedrock of the American quasi-federal structure has increasingly undemocratic set
could not be any other way.
Constitution today, though the always been sui generis. Our up.
Big versus small States Americans have rid themselves founders knew that India’s
of slavery (fortunately) and diversity made federalism Fine-tune these elements
Having established, thus, that
States are important, self-
contained units within the
Indian constitutional scheme,
we must turn to an inherent
contradiction between the
principles of democracy and
federalism, when federal
units are unequal in size,
population and economics.
This is easy to comprehend.
In a democratic set up, all
citizens are equal and are thus
entitled to equal representation
in governance. But this would
imply that bigger States are
likely to dominate the national
conversation over smaller
States. Small States fear that
they would get a smaller share
of the pie economically, a
much reduced say in national
issues, and be irrelevant in the
political governance of the
country. have dramatically increased the inevitable, but, fearing
fissiparous tendencies among We have the components of
scope of federal intervention.
In order to assuage this States that had never been a such a new balance that need
This federal structure has led
legitimate fear, federal single political unit, they also to be fine-tuned to Indian
to the severing of causational
democracies have incorporated created a strong centre. While realities. First, the powers of
links between the national
into their governing structures history has been chequered, the States vis-à-vis the Centre
vote and presidential elections.
various kinds of compromises fears for Indian national unity contained in the Lists and in
Presidents George W. Bush and
to ensure a balance between simply on the basis of giving the provisions dealing with
Donald Trump won without
democratic principles and States greater powers have altering boundaries of States
winning the popular vote.
federal ones. proven to be unfounded — and must be increased to assuage
The current movement if at all, it has been the other the fear of smaller States that
For example, when the they will be dominated by
to remove the power of way. The 1956 reorganisation of
Americans adopted their bigger ones. There is no reason
a minority to filibuster States on linguistic lines was a
Constitution, they protected to believe that empowering
legislation is based on popular recognition of federal
smaller States in four ways. our States would cause
democratic principles seeking principles and yet did not
First, national powers over the national disintegration. On
to mitigate the pathology of result in separatist tendencies.
States were limited. Second, the contrary, more localised
excessive federalism: indeed, Since then, new States within
each State regardless of size had decision-making is bound to
the American structures of the Union have been created
two seats in the Senate, giving increase national prosperity.
government go so far in the in response to the demands of
smaller States an outsized Indeed, this was the entire goal
of the creation of Panchayat redistribution between the Fourth, serious thought must be when one part of the country
governance through the 73rd States must require the given to breaking up the biggest is empowered over another.
and 74th Amendments to the consent of all or nearly all States into smaller units that Lampedusa’s Il Gattopardo
Constitution, whose promise States (the fate of the Goods will not by themselves dominate contains the memorable quote,
remains — unfortunately — and Services Tax, or GST, the national conversation. Everything must change for
unrealised. serves as a salutary warning everything to remain the same.
in this regard). Constitutional Competing claims This includes the question
Second, the role and provisions dealing with of how we are to balance the
composition of the Rajya Sabha, The unity of India is, of course,
language and religion must competing claims of democracy
our House of States, must be the fundamental premise
also be inviolate. If India is a and federalism, in the years to
expanded. This would allow underlying this discussion; but
joint venture between majority come.
smaller States a kind of brake this unity does not depend on
and minority shareholders, the
over national majoritarian an overbearing Centre for its Source link:-https://www.
minority must be protected
politics that adversely impact survival. National bonds of thehindu.com/opinion/lead/
by a comprehensive list of
them. affection and patriotism will the-upcoming-crisis-in-indian-
“consensus items” that require
not be severed by devolution federalism/article35311014.ece
unanimity — or at least, a
Third, constitutional change of powers though they will
super-majority — and not
and the change in financial be at least severely strained
simple majority.
HEAT DOME’ IN US-CANADA AND

‘HEAT WAVE’ OVER N-W INDIA:
MORE THAN JUST HOT AIR
Two phenomena half a world apart are entirely different in origin
Vinson Kurian phenomenon on two lands with the other. You normally cools).
half a world apart cannot be compare two things when
The ‘heat dome’ over the Pacific more starkly different, says GP they share a single or common Sinking motion of air
North-West that broke all- Sharma, President, Meteorology platform. Or consider this. On
time temperature records over The sinking motion leads to
and Climate Change at leading our side the heat is more of
adjoining US-Canada and the the even more pressure and
private forecaster Skymet an advected thing (horizontal
ongoing ‘heat wave’ over North- therefore heat, which has now
Weather. The underlying motion of hot air from across
broken a 1,000-year-old record
the border in Pakistan),”
variously across Portland,
Sharma said.
Seattle and Washington in the
Advection is confined to the US and British Columbia in
lower levels of the atmosphere. Canada. There are multiple
As against advection of heat, factors working in tandem to
the Pacific North-West sees bring this type of weather there,
initially convection or upward Sharma said.
movement of air with the heat
The movement of air is lateral
getting trapped in the higher
or horizontal over Pakistan
levels. So, the heat dome
and adjoining North-West
represents heat trapped within
India while it is vertical or
an envelope in the higher levels.
upward movement initially over
The heat dome represents a the Pacific North-West and
high-pressure cell also known adjoining US-Canada. “So, we
as a ‘blocking high’ since it can see that the phenomenon
restricts free movement of air in the Pacific North-West
West India are distinguishable motion of air/winds is what
in the atmosphere which is originates from the ocean
only insofar as they feature sways it, he told BusinessLine.
otherwise very dynamic with unlike the case here.”
similar geographical bearings
replete with a common but Totally different cases no barriers. High-pressure areas
This is because of the
inevitable ‘heat’ denominator. witness sinking motion of air
temperature gradient over the
“These are two totally different. (unlike in low-pressure areas
ocean (normally we talk about
The causal links to either You just cannot connect one when the air moves up and
the pressure gradient, which different latitudes. While we ‘cut-off lows’, ‘cold poles’ or now; else, the monsoon would
drives the monsoon). The larger are in the tropical (lower) ‘blocking highs’ in those higher have come sooner to Delhi by
the gradient, more the upward latitudes, that part of the US- latitudes which don’t normally interacting with it.
motion of air from the ocean. Canada belongs to much higher formally in the tropics, he
Certain atmospheric features in latitudes, closer to the polar explained. Source link:-https://www.
the higher levels over North- regions. This straight away rules thehindubusinessline.com/
West Pacific traps the heat out any comparison of weather.” There is a subtle difference here economy/agri-business/
brought up by convection. in that during the winter the jet heat-dome-in-us-canada-
Also, weather patterns and the stream descends over India and and-heat-wave-over-n-w-
Two different latitudes governing systems are totally sends out western disturbances, india-more-than-just-hot-air/
different, Sharma said. There are these terminologies make article35100045.ece
“Basically, we are two typical terminologies associated better sense. There’s hardly any
geographies belonging to two with weather systems such as western disturbance activity
EXPLAINED | EUROPE’S ‘GREEN

PASSPORT’ AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIA
The story so far: On July 1, the are bound not to need separate received recognition from even fold. It feels vaccine passports
European Union implemented documentation for intra-EU the World Health Organization will restrict passengers from
the EU Digital COVID travel. (WHO) and is in the process of countries that don’t have the
Certificate (EUDCC) or the completing its application there. same access to vaccines and
“Green Passport”, which allows How will it impact Indian will increase vaccine inequality.
ease of intra-European travel for travellers?
passengers who have taken one
The EUDCC will impact
of four vaccines ‘recognised’
Indians notionally at present, as
by the European Medicines
only essential travel is allowed
Agency (EMA) that excludes
into EU countries and special
Indian-made Covishield and
permission has to be taken for
Covaxin, among others. The
those travelling from India.
move led to a sharp protest
With global concerns over
from India, as well as the
the Delta variant, which was
African Union, as concerns
first detected in India, more
grow over vaccine passports
restrictions are in place for
that discriminate against
Indians travelling abroad. The
travellers from developing
European Union has pointed
countries with limited access
out that the EUDCC is only
to vaccines. Some European
meant for passengers within
countries have since relented,
the EU, and that most, if not all,
with a third of the 27-nation EU
residents would have received
agreeing to include Covishield It also argues that the EU
one of the four vaccines that How did India register its
in the list of approved vaccines. should recognise Covishield
have been cleared by the protests? as it is no different from other
What does the EUDCC entitle EMA — Comirnaty (Pfizer/
AstraZeneca-licensed vaccines,
passengers to? BioNTech), Vaccine Janssen During his visit to Italy for the
and more broadly that all
(Johnson & Johnson), Spikevax G20 ministerial conference last
Indian-approved vaccines
The EUDCC, or the Green (Moderna) and Vaxzevria week, External Affairs Minister
should be given recognition
Passport, which is in the (AstraZeneca Europe). S. Jaishankar registered a strong
worldwide, and that passengers
form of a digital QR code, According to the EU, the protest in his meetings with
can be certified via the Co-WIN
attests that a person has been Serum Institute of India’s (SII) European counterparts as well
website.
vaccinated against COVID-19, Covishield was a “biologically” as EU High Representative
and also if they have had a different product and it hence Josep Borrell Fontelles, as Furthermore, officials point out
recent negative test and/or are needs to apply separately for government sources indicated that Covishield was distributed
considered immune having EMA clearance. Both SII and that India was prepared to to 95 countries, mainly low-
previously contracted the AstraZeneca have since clarified initiate reciprocal harsh and middle-income countries
illness. It is recognised by all that they are in the process of quarantine measures against of the global South, and the EU
27 EU countries, as well as seeking clearances. Meanwhile, countries that discriminated action discriminates against
Switzerland, Liechtenstein, the road seems harder for against Indians. all of them. There is a hint of
Iceland and Norway for Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin, as racism, they claim, in the fact
passengers within Europe, who unlike Covishield, it has not India’s concerns are three-
that all vaccines cleared by the COVAX alliance’s programme made mandatory for travel and at least nine countries,
EMA are those that have been in Africa, along with the should be optional, stating that including Austria, Germany,
taken by residents in Europe AstraZeneca-SkBio vaccine proof of COVID-19 vaccination Greece, Iceland, Ireland, the
and North America, whereas produced in South Korea. should not be required as a Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain
the ones excluded are those condition of entry and exit from and Switzerland, agreeing
made and distributed far and What is the WHO’s stand? a country. to independently make
wide in the rest of the world by exemptions for Covishield,
In its interim guidance Will the EU relent?
Russia, India and China. and Estonia accepting both
released on July 2, a day
Covishield and Covaxin, there
Backing India’s stand, the after the EUDCC was By bringing in the EUDCC,
is hope that enough pressure
African Union and Africa launched and implemented, the European Union has made
will build on the EMA to
Centres for Disease Control and the WHO published its it clear that it intends to use
include exemptions for Indian
Prevention issued a statement ‘Policy considerations for these vaccine passports in
vaccines as well.
raising concerns over the implementing a risk-based some measure to differentiate
Green Passport, pointing out approach to travel in the between those who are Source link:-https://www.
that the Covishield vaccine context of COVID-19’. In it, the vaccinated and those who aren’t thehindu.com/news/
was the “backbone” of the WHO held categorically that or have taken ‘unrecognised’ international/eus-green-
EU-supported international vaccine passports should not be vaccines. However, with passport/article35126009.ece
GOVERNORS CAN PARDON

PRISONERS, INCLUDING DEATH
ROW ONES: SUPREME COURT
Advice of the appropriate government binds the Head of the State, says judge
The Supreme Court on Tuesday restrictions imposed under to pardon a prisoner under judgment in the Rajiv Gandhi
held that the Governor of a Section 433-A... Such power Article 161 is actually exercised assassination case on the power
State can pardon prisoners, is in exercise of the power by the State government and of remission.
including death row ones, of the sovereign, though the not the Governor on his own.
even before they have served Governor is bound to act Constitutional courtesy
a minimum 14 years of prison on the aid and advice of the “The advice of the appropriate
“The action of commutation
sentence.
and release can thus be
In fact, the Governor’s power to pursuant to a governmental
pardon overrides a provision in decision and the order may
the Code of Criminal Procedure be issued even without the
— Section 433A —which Governor’s approval. However,
mandates that a prisoner’s under the Rules of Business and
sentence can be remitted only as a matter of constitutional
after 14 years of jail, a Bench courtesy, it may seek approval
of Justices Hemant Gupta and of the Governor, if such release
A.S. Bopanna observed in a is under Article 161 of the
judgment. Constitution,” the court noted.
“Section 433-A of the Code The Bench was considering the

cannot and does not in any way feasibility of remission policies
affect the constitutional power in Haryana.
conferred on the President/
Source link:-https://www.
Governor to grant pardon
thehindu.com/news/national/
under Articles 72 or 161 of the
governors-can-pardon-
Constitution... If the prisoner government binds the Head
State Government,” the court prisoners-including-death-
has not undergone 14 years or of the State,” Justice Gupta
observed. row-ones-supreme-court/
more of actual imprisonment, observed in the judgment article35711818.ece
the Governor has a power to In fact, the court noted that the which referred to the Supreme
grant pardon... de hors the sovereign power of a Governor Court’s Constitution Bench

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I nternational Tiger Day

1. A) 9.5% While re-calibrating its forecast other. reconstruction of war-ravaged

T aiwan will set up its first

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4. Which of the following will

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1. Which of the following

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to raise awareness of the of the maestro of Indian University in Dhaka to

77. China has officially begun

satellite GISAT-1 onboard

Legal Current Affairs

ARTICLES YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO MISS

COVID PANDEMIC LED TO 27% RISE IN

BENGAL ASSEMBLY PASSES RESOLUTION

TMC MP SANTANU SEN SUSPENDED FROM

JUSTICE N.V. RAMANA — THE HUMBLE

The meeting was attended by Controversy over Justice

THE UPCOMING CRISIS IN

HEAT DOME’ IN US-CANADA AND

EXPLAINED | EUROPE’S ‘GREEN

GOVERNORS CAN PARDON

“Section 433-A of the Code The Bench was considering the

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