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Modulus Based Compaction QC/QA Using LWD

Poster · July 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36477.20962

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Zahra Afsharikia
University of Maryland, College Park
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 Modulus Based Compaction QC/QA Using LWD
Zahra Niosha Afsharikia, Dr. Charles Schwartz
University of Maryland, College Park, USA

INTRODUCTION METHOD RESULTS CONCLUSION

Nuclear Density Gauge (NDG) Elab at Etarget vs Measure:

1.1
Pass-Pass
ü Two draft specifications prepared in AASHTO format
during the pooled fund study for potential
• Traditional density-based methods multiple compaction q Efield
1.0 implementation:
of compaction quality control MCs in lab curve q MC

ü Measures in-situ density and 0.9

MD5 SG
moisture content (MC)

PC
MD337 GAB
Ø Does not reflect true engineering properties Efield
0.8 NY SG L1
of geomaterial NY SG L2
Etarget 0.7
Ø Does not monitor stiffness gain over time for stabilized MD404 Base
FL Base
or unconventional material Fail-Fail
0.6
Ø High costs and regulations associated with the 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
radiation safe storage, transportation, and operation Efield/Etarget, Zorn LWD
Lightweight Deflectometer (LWD) Calculating LWD modulus on Proctor mold (Elab)
1.1
ü Measures surface deflection under applied v = Poisson’s ratio Pass-Pass
load, then calculates soil surface modulus ⎛ 2υ ⎞ 4H
2
H = height of the mold 1.0
Elab = ⎜ 1− ⎟ k D = mold diameter
⎝ 1− υ ⎠ π D
2
ü Safe, fast, and accurate measurements K = soil stiffness =F/δ
0.9
• Does not measure MC

PC
• Challenges: Calculating the LWD target modulus (Etarget) MD5 SG
0.8
1. Different LWD brands’ configurations MD337 GAB
2600 Dry Density 0.73 0.89 1.06 1.23 1.45 200
2. Effect of MC at compaction vs. testing time NY SG L1
0.7
Dry Density [kg/m3]

3. Stress effects NY SG L2
2560

E lab [Mpa]
150 Fail-Fail MD404 Base
4. Layered system effect 0.6
5. Practicality in the field and lab 2520
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
100
• Three LWD brands employed in this study: 2480
Efield/Etarget, Olson LWD
Zorn ZFG3000, Dynatest 3031, and Olson LWD-1 1.1
9.4. Avoid placing the hands below the elevated drop weight. 50
2440 Pass-Pass
Falling Max Load Deformation sensor Plate Type of 10.
2400
APPENDIX
0 1.0 ü Maryland Department of Transportation State Highway
weight height cell buffer
LWD
type range type 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Administration funded a follow up study for
[kg] [cm] [-] [-] [mm] [-] [-] MC [%] 0.9 implementation of LWDs and replacing NDGs.
72.4 MD5 SG

PC
Zorn 3000 10
(fix)
No Accelerometer 0.2–30 (±0.02) Solid Spring Calculating LWD modulus on the compacted layer (Efield) MD337 GAB
0.8 REFERENCES
( )
Geophone Annulus
2.5, 5, 83.8 Flat Rubber NY SG L1
Dynatest 3031
10, 15 (adj)
Yes 0–2.2 (±0.002) w/ Plug
(adj) 2ks 1− υ A = stress distribution factor
2
+2 external option E field = r0 = LWD plate radius 0.7 NY SG L2

Olson 01
10 61
Yes
Geophone
0.1–2 (±0.02) Solid Spring
Arof0the two-layer systemkof =subgrade
Figure 1—Schematic
s soil stiffness =F/δ
with modulus in the
E2 overlain field
by base MD404 • Link to the TPF-5(285) pooled fund study final report:
(adj) (adj) + external with modulus E1 Fail-Fail FL Base https://www.pooledfund.org/Details/Study/527
Adjusting target modulus for layered system (Esurface) 0.6
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 • Implementation of Lightweight Deflectometers (LWDs)
Ohaus Moisture Analyzer Efield/Etarget, Dynatest LWD for Modulus Based Compaction Quality Assurance of
ü Quick MC measurement in the field h = base Layer Thickness
10 Unbound Materials (SHA/UM/4-51)
• Soil sample is quickly heated by an d = field LWD Plate Radius
/ Esubgrade

Sampling frequency
integrated halogen dryer unit s = sample standard deviation CONTACT
2
• Continuously measures the weight ⎛ t.s ⎞ t= value from t-table for each confidence
/ E2

n=⎜ ⎟
(surface)

of the sample level and degree of freedom

⎝ e⎠ Zahra Afsharikia
EtargetEsurface

e= acceptable error
• Takes about 10 to 15 minutes depending on soil type 1
h/d=0.5 Ph.D. Candidate
h/d=1 80% 90% 95% Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
OBJECTIVE h/d=1.5 Parameter Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg. Min. Max. Avg.
nafshari@umd.edu
h/d=2 5.52 12.51 9.52 5.52 12.51 9.52 5.52 12.51 9.52
Zorn s [MPa]
Provide a straightforward procedure for using LWDs for h/d=2.5
h/d=3
LWD
n 3 13 8 7 30 18 11 50 31 Dr. Charles W. Schwartz
modulus/stiffness-based compaction QC/QA that is h/d=3.5 Dynatest
LWD
s [MPa] 9.73 37.08 23.37 9.73 37.08 23.37 9.73 37.08 23.37 Professor and Chair
9 110 45 19 - 104 30 - -
suitable for practical implementation by field inspection 0.1
0.1 1 10 100 Olson
n
s [MPa] 5.23 16.29 10.76 5.23 16.29 10.76 5.23 16.29 10.76
Civil and Environmental Engineering Department
personnel. 

E1 / E2
Etarget (for base) / Esubgrade LWD
n 3 22 10 6 50 23 10 85 40 schwartz@umd.edu
Figure 2—Surface Modulus Correction for Testing on Compacted Base Layer of Finite
Thickness (h = base layer thickness, d = LWD plate radius used during field testing)

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