Engineering graphics and drawing

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By

CHASHMAN
2021-MC-70

To

MISS QURATULAIN MASUD

“SEMESTER PROJECT CAD”

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Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department

University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION:...................................................................................................................1
Knuckle joint:..................................................................................................................................1
Double-eye or Fork-end:..............................................................................................................2
Single eye end or Eye end:..........................................................................................................2
Knuckle Pin:................................................................................................................................3
Collar:..........................................................................................................................................3
Taper Pin:.....................................................................................................................................3
Design Procedure of Knuckle Joint:................................................................................................4
Materials used to make Knuckle Joint:............................................................................................4
Applications of Knuckle Joint:........................................................................................................4
Advantages of using Knuckle Joint:................................................................................................4
2. METHODOLOGY:..................................................................................................................5
3. RESULTS:................................................................................................................................6
4. DISCUSSIONS:.......................................................................................................................9
5. REFERENCES:........................................................................................................................9
6. DETAILS:................................................................................................................................9
 1. INTRODUCTION:
KNUCKLE JOINT:
A knuckle joint is a mechanical joint used to attach rods which can
be beneath a tensile load. When there may be a demand of a small quantity of flexibleness or
angular motion is necessary. There is continually an axial or linear line of movement of load. It
is likewise referred to as the FORKED PIN JOINT.
The knuckle joint include the subsequent parts:
 SINGLE EYE OR EYE END
 DOUBLE EYE OR FORK
 KNUCKLE PIN
 TAPER PIN
 COLLAR
It is used to attach rods wherein one is a eye cease and different is double eye. The unmarried
eye has one hollow that is inserted into double eye and the fork has holes wherein knuckle pin
will insert.

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DOUBLE-EYE OR FORK END:
This double-eye stop usually includes ends and has a
module like a fork. Because one stop is for coming into the knuckle pin and the opposite for the
collar wherein the taper pin is positioned in order that this joint does now no longer open.

SINGLE EYE END OR EYE END:

The eye stop identification located among the 2 holes of the fork lead to any such manner that
each one the 3 holes (holes of fork stop and one hollow of eye stop) are collectively.

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KNUCKLE PIN:
The knuckle pin is passed through the holes and joins them together very tightly.
Usually, there small hole at the forestall of the knuckle pin to insert the taper pin.

COLLAR:
It has a collar with a -hole for passing the taper pin. The collar is positioned at the forestall of the
knuckle pin in the sort of way that the holes meets the hole at the knuckle joint.

TAPER PIN:
It has a collar with a hole for passing the taper pin. The collar is located on the stop of the
knuckle pin in any such manner that the holes meets the hollow on the knuckle joint.

DESIGN PROCEDURE OF KNUCKLE JOINT:

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 The following layout technique of knuckle joint are:
 MATERIAL SELECTION
 PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL
 THE FACTOR OF SAFETY CONSIDERATION
 PERMISSIBLE STRESS
 ROD DESIGN
 PARTS DIMENSION AND DESIGN

MATERIALS USED TO MAKE KNUCKLE JOINTS:

Knuckle joints are generally fabricated from
substances like aluminum, stainless steel, structural steel, magnesium, and cast iron. It has
been determined that knuckle joints fabricated from aluminum have the very best protection
thing approximately 50 kN loading conditions.

Joints applied in some industries are commonly made from a combination of cast-iron and
stainless steel. As generation advances in cutting-edge decades, fabric costs and weight have
reduced, resulting in reduced accidents and progressed safety.

APPLICATIONS OF KNUCKLE JOINT:

Mostly knuckle joints are hired in connecting in
connecting rods of locomotive wheels. In addition, they may be very beneficial with inside the
valve mechanism of a reciprocating engine. These are applied with inside the hyperlink of
curler chain, bicycle chain, and chain straps of watches. Knuckle joints are generally utilized in
automobile windshield wipers and also are utilized in Robotics palms or earthmovers together
with cranes or tanks, etc.

ADVANTAGES OF USING KNUCKLE JOINT:

Following are the blessings of the usage of knuckle joint:

 Knuckle joints have the capacity to face up to excessive tensile loads.
 It can come up with excessive repeating accuracy regardless of various cloth
thickness and tensile strength
 They offer amazing mechanical rigidity.
 They are easy in creation and smooth to install.
 Fewer elements of this joint are much less costly and greater reliable.

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2. METHODOLOGY:
 We have to draw the isometric view of knuckle joint and orthographic views in
first angle projection.
 We use center lines to show the symmetry of circular region and hidden lines to
show hidden features in orthographic views.
 For dimensioning isometric view we use aligned dimension and multi leader. For
orthographic views we use linear, radius and diameter dimension.
 First of all we start with taper pin as it is the most important part of the Knuckle
joint.
 It was difficult to find the diameter of other end of taper pin the caption 1 in 30
help us out to find the diameter of other end.
 In isometric snap we draw the isometric view of taper pin using line command
and circle command the diameter of one end was given that is 6 and we find out
the other diameter that was 4.
 We draw the ends by using iso-circle command.
 Then we draw the orthographic views of taper pin its length was 60 in
rectangular snap. It’s top and front views are almost same while side view was
circular.
 After that we draw the second part that was collar. Diameters of both circles was
given.
 By changing from rectangular snap to isometric snap, we draw the isometric view
of collar the holes in which we have to insert the taper pin are of diameter 6 and 4
and the length of collar was 15.
 We draw the isometric views of collar the outer circle diameter is 45 and inner is
30 by using iso circle command and the height is 15.
 After that in rectangular snap we draw the orthographic views.
 Then we draw the isometric view of knuckle pin it’s length was 117 it’s base has
circle of 30 diameter. And top of it has circle of 45 diameter.
 Then we draw orthographic views that was quite simple side and front view was
quite same there was only difference of hidden features.
 For Fork End, we start with the left side in isometric snap, first we draw the iso
circles in top plane the distance between both holes was 36 and height of both
holes is 22 the diameter of outer circle was 60 and inner was 30 and the distance
between center of the circles and other end is 147.
 After that we draw the circles of radius 18 and 36 in y-plane the distance of center
of circles from other end is 109. We use fillet command here to draw a fillet of
almost 7.
 After that we draw the other end whose length and width is 36.
 From end of 109 line we draw the cube of 45 by 36. Then we use fillet
command to draw that region.
 We give the fillet of 9 here that we calculate by drawing octagon of radius 18.

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  Then we draw the end circular part by using isocircle command this circle has
diameter 30.
 Then we draw the orthographic views of fork end.
 We have to draw octagon for side view of radius 18.
 Other views was drawn using line, circle and rectangle command.
 For Eye end we start with right side of eye end. First we draw circles using iso-
circle command the height of right side is 36.
 The distance of center of circle from left side is 120.
 At the left side we draw cube using line cube of 45 by 33.
 Then we use fillet command to draw the exact view we draw the fillet of 5 as it
was suitable according to requirement.
 At left side we draw octagon using surface development method we draw a
circle of diameter 33 and then draw a line at 30 degree after that at point of
intersection we draw another circle of same diameter then we join point of
intersections to get an octagon of radius 16.5.
 After this we draw arcs to give it the final look as required.
 Then we use Hatch command to hatch the circle and other region.
 Then we draw the end part of eye end by drawing circles of diameter 30.
 At last we draw the orthographic views of eye end that was quite easy as compare
to isometric view of eye end.

3. RESULTS:
Figure of taper pin is:

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Figure of collar is:

Figure of knuckle pin is:

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Figure of Fork is:

Figure of Eye-end is:

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 4. DISCUSSIONS:

It was a bit difficult to draw knuckle joint’s isometric and

orthographic views as there were some dimensions that were not given as such, I have to find
them out by my own. During this project I better learnt the uses of many commands like offset,
dimedit, fillet and many more. But as I started the work it became more interested and in mere
time I completed the project. I learnt the correct use of multi-leader and many other commands.
Overall it was neither a difficult nor an easy project. But this project improve my AutoCAD
skills. I learnt a lot during this project.

5. REFERENCES:
I took some information about Knuckle joint introduction and
applications from Google. Except introduction and applications of knuckle joint, I wrote
methodology on my own. I also read knuckle joint information on Wikipedia for my general
knowledge and better understandings of my project.
Here are the references that I used for data during this report writing.
https://themechanicalengineering.com/knuckle-joint/
https://www.theengineerspost.com/knuckle-joint/
https://www.engineeringchoice.com/knuckle-joint/

6. DETAILS:

I faced a bit difficulty during making this project there are some
dimensions that were not given, I assumed some of them while I calculated others.
This following part was very difficult for me to draw.

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 A little difficulty in finding the other end diameter.

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