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|Shr
iHar
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BCSE0101:
Digi
talI
magePr
ocessi
ng
gnment–I
Assi

Name: NamanDul
ani Rol
lno.
:53

Sect
ion:B Mobi
leno.
:

MM:100 Submi
ssi
onDueDat
e:Mar
ch14,
2022

Not
e:

Takeapri
ntoutofthi
sassi
gnmentandwr it
eyouranswersi
nthespaceprovi
ded.Scan
andupl
oadthefil
ledanswersheetandsubmitt
hehardcopytot
hefacul
ty.

I. Compl
etet
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
s. [
1x10=10]

1. The di
scr
eti
zat
ion of i
mage dat
ain spat
ialcoor
dinat
esi
sknown as
Sampl
i
n g .

2. Thenumberofbi
tsr
equi
redt
ost
orea1024x512i
magewi
th512gr
ayshadesi
s
589824by
tes .

3. Thesmal
l
estdi
scer
nibl
echangei
nthegr
ayl
evelofani
magei
scal
l
ed
i
ts
Gr
ay-
levelResol
uti
on .

4. Whent
henumberofpi
xel
sinani
magei
sreducedkeepi
ngt
henumberof
gr
ayl
evel
sint
hei
mageconst
ant
,weobser
vecheckerboar
def
fect
.

5. Whent
heno.ofgr
ay-
lev
elsi
nthei
magei
slow,t
hef
oregr
ounddet
ail
soft
he
i
magemer
gewi
tht
hebackgr
ounddet
ail
soft
hei
mage,causi
ngr
idgel
i
ke
st
ruct
ures.Thi
sdegr
adat
ionphenomenoni
sknownas
Fal
secont
our
ing .

Page1of7
 6. Mar
kthem-
adj
acentpat
hfr
om pt
oqinthef
oll
owi
ngi
mage.
1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0
p 1 1 1 1 q
1 0 1 1

7. Twoi
magesubset
sS1&S2 ar
eadj
acenti
f

=>i
fthei
runi
onf
ormsaconnect
edset
.

8. Thedi
stancebet
weenpi
xel
sp&qi
ntheabov
eimage:

a.Eucl
i
deandi
stance:De(
p,q)=[
(x-
s)2+(
y-t
)2]
1/2

b.Ci
tybl
ockdi
stance:D4(
p,q)=|
x-s|+|
y-
t|

c.Chessboar
ddi
stance:D8(
p,q)=max(
|x-
s|,
|
y-t
|)

9. Dar
kchar
act
eri
sti
csi
nani
magear
ebet
terenhancedusi
ng
Power
Law t
ransf
ormat
ion(
s).

10.Consi
dert
hef
oll
owi
ngi
mages.(
a)i
stheor
igi
nali
mage.On(
b)and(
c)
av
eragef
il
ter
sofdi
ff
erentsi
zeshav
ebeenappl
i
ed.Onf
il
terofsi
ze3x3
hasbeenappl
i
edwhi
l
eonLowpassf
il
terofsi
ze9x9hasbeenappl
i
ed.

II. Consi
dertwoi
mages ubset
sS1&S2asshowninthefol
lowi
ngf i
gure.ForV={0}
det
erminewhet
hertheregi
onsar
e:i
)4-Adj
acenti
i)8-
Adjacenti
ii
)m-Adjacent.
Giv
ereasonsf
oryouranswer. [2x3=6]
Page2of7
 S1 S2
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0

1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1

1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

i
)4-Adj
acent–Yes/No
=>NO

i
i
)8-
Adj
acent–Yes/No
=>YES

i
i
i)m-
Adj
acent
–Yes/No
=>YES

III. Gi
venthefol
l
owing3x3image,findi
tsbi
tpl
anes.
Not
e:Ther
eareonl
y8I
ntensi
tyv
aluesi
nthei
mage. [
3x8=24]
1 2 3
4 5 0
7 6 2

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
Bi
tPl
ane0 Bi
tPl
ane1 Bi
tPl
ane2

Spacef
orCal
cul
ati
ons

Page3of7
IV. Consi
derthef
oll
owingimage.Whatwi
l
lbet
henewval
ueoft
hepi
xel(
2,2)i
f
smoothi
ngisdoneusinga3x3: [
1x5=5]

0 1 0 2 7
2 1 6 1 0
5 6 7 6 3
1 1 6 1 5
5 4 2 2 5

a) Meanf
il
ter 4

b) Wei
ght
edav
eragef
il
ter 5

(
Assi
gnwei
ght
sas3,
2and1)

c) Medi
anf
il
ter 6

d) Mi
nfi
l
ter 1

e) Maxf
il
ter 7

V. Computetheconvol
utionoftheLapl
acianker
nel
sL_
4andL_
8wi
tht
hei
mage
gi
venbelow.Useborderval
uestoextendthei
mage. [
2x10=20]

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

-
10 -
10 -
10 -
10 -
10 -
30 -
30 -
30 -
30 -
30

10 10 10 10 10 30 30 30 30 30

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

L_
4 L_
8
Page4of7
Page5of7
VI. Per
form hi
stogr
am equal
i
zat
iononthef
oll
owi
ng8x8i
mage.Thegrayl
evel
di
str
ibut
ionofthei
mageisgivenbel
ow. [
15]

Grayl
evel
s(r
k) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Numberofpi
xel
s(pk) 8 10 10 2 12 16 4 2

No.of
i
/pGray No.of
p(rk)= (
L-1)Σ o/pGray pixel
sin
Level pixel
s Σ
nk/MN (Sk) Level o/p
(
rk) (nk)
image
0.
125 0.
125 0.
875 1 8
0 8
0.
156 0.
281 1.
967 2 10
1 10
0.
156 0.
437 3.
059 3 12
2 10
0.
031 0.
468 3.
276 3
3 2
0.
187 0.
655 4.
585 5 12
4 12
0.
25 0.
905 6.
335 6 16
5 16
0.
0625 0.
967 6.
769 7 6
6 4
0.
031 0.
998 6.
986 7
7 2

VII. Fora8x8imageasshownbel
ow,
generat
etheli
nearcont
rastst
ret
chedi
magewi
th
mini
mum gr
aylev
el0andmaxi
mum gr
aylevel
7. [
10]

Not
e:

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
3 4 2 2 2 2 4 3
3 4 2 5 5 2 4 3
3 4 2 5 5 2 4 3
3 4 2 2 2 2 4 3
3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Page6of7
Page7of7
 Spacef
orCal
cul
ati
on

r
k sk

0 12

1 0

2 28

3 0

4 0

5 20

6 0

7 4

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 28 28 28 28 0 0
0 0 28 20 20 28 0 0
0 0 28 20 20 28 0 0
0 0 28 28 28 28 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Out
putI
mage

Page8of7
VIII. Assumea6-
bitgr
ayscal
eimageIandconsi
dert
hespat
ial
fil
terHgi
venby
−1 −2 0
=[−2 0 3]
0 3 1

a) Deter
minethemax i
mum andmini
mum possi
bleval
uest
hatapixel
,to whi
ch
thi
sspati
alf
il
teri
sappl
i
ed,canhave.Donotappl
yanytypeofnormali
zat
ion.
[
5]

=>maxi
mum =(
3+3+1)*63=441
Mini
mum =(-
2-2-
1)*63=-
315

b) Proposeagr ay-l
eveltr
ansformati
onfunct
iontoensur
ethatanyout
putofthi
s
fi
l
terwil
lbeast andard6-bi
tgrayscal
eimage. [
5]
=>I
out=6 3(
In-
i (
-315))/(441)-(-315)

=63(
In +3
i 15)/756

Page9of7