Dear Marians,

Please follow the instructions below in answering the assessment tasks in our subject, PEC
321 The School and the Community, School Culture, and Organizational Leadership.

1. Read and understand the questions carefully.

2. You are not allowed to edit the font size, font style, and format of each chapter assessment.
You may adjust the sizes of tables for long answers.
3. Pass all Chapter Assessments 1-12 and other requirements on time. Late submission will not
be recorded.
4. All students enrolled in this subject are required to take the online and oral examinations on
time or as scheduled.
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GSuite Account.
6. Please try to answer comprehensively the questions in all assessment tasks using your own
words. If you need to research for answers, include your references and also try to rephrase
them to refrain from plagiarizing the idea of others.

Please be guided accordingly.

Sincerely,
Ms. Cabangon

ASSESSMENT 1: ON PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHTS ON EDUCATION

Check for Understanding

1. Explain in five sentences why each education philosopher was associated with these given
words:
a. John Locke – the empiricist

Knowledge comes from experience, to put it simply. Empiricism is a major school of thought in
epistemology, and this is their point of view. It may be easier to recall what empirical means because
it begins with the same letter as experimental, a method that emphasizes experimentation and
experience. Thus, in his opinion, the only way to reach a decision and know the truth about
something is to truly experience the universe through our senses.

b. Spencer – the utilitarianist

Utilitarianism is a type of consequentialism that holds that the behaviors that result in the
greatest overall good are the ones that are right. The principles of ethical living are based on the
evolutionary changes of organic development, according to Herbert Spencer’s evolutionary utilitarian
ethics. The belief that the utility of an action in giving the maximum enjoyment to all individuals
impacted by it determines whether it is right or incorrect. Utilitarianism is a type of consequentialism
that holds that the right behaviors are those that result in the greatest overall good. Spencer believed
that societies (like creatures) should start out simple and grow to a more sophisticated state.

c. John Dewey – experience

 Traditional education, according to Dewey's perspective, was too preoccupied with conveying 
predetermined knowledge and not enough concerned with students' actual learning experiences. He 
emphasizes on a design that is based on a theory of experience for education. He
believes that knowing how humans have the experiences they have, and how this understanding is cr
ucial for planning effective education, is more important than traditional or progressive education.
Dewey maintained that education should place a greater emphasis on the quality of the experience ra
ther than the material delivered.According to him, a quality experience must have continuity with previ
ous and future experiences, as well as interaction between the student's individual views and the lear
ning environment.

d. George Counts – Building a new social order

George Counts considered the school to be a political, economic, artistic, religious, and ethical
agency. If the school is involved, it has the option of reflecting or changing society’s knowledge,
ideas, and values. In order to be socially reconstructive, the school has to assist in problem solving.
According to Counts, rather than the school leading change, the forces that transform the rest of the
social order drive it. Teachers should be scrutinizing education. Without effort, struggle, and sacrifice,
schools cannot be improved.

e. Theodore Brameld – the Social reconstructionist

Brameld believed that schools should be a catalyst for social and political transformation. He
believed that a public education system informed by behavioral science results may lead to major
changes in society’s social and economic structure. Brameld thought that by using education to
create a new social order, he could fulfill society’s essential principles while also harmonizing with the
modern world’s underlying social and economic dynamics. Social and cultural forces would have an
impact on the chIld, the school, and education

2. Make a table summary of the philosophies of education. Adjust the table for your answer.
PHILOSOPHER PHILOSOPHY ON AIM/S AND CLASSROOM/SCHOOL
METHOD/S OF EDUCATION APPLICATION
John Locke  Fieldtrips
Experience can be used to gain  Physical Exercising
knowledge  Other experimental
activities
Herbert Spencer  Students learning
The concept of “survival of the through debate and
fittest” was boosted. Education social emotional learning
isn’t simply about gaining experience
knowledge, it also about taking
action

John Dewey Individual participation in social  Make a class project out

events and interactions with of volunteering
their fellow humans is what  Request frequent
constitutes education. feedback
  Reflect on what they
learned
 Encourage students to
develop a personal
interest in topics
George Counts To improve social order by  Putting on programs and
explicitly teaching about power seminars to promote
and justice awareness

Theodore Brameld The goal of education is to  Activities solving real life

promote social reform
Paulo Freire Its aim is to liberate people. He
proposed problem-posing
schooling to attain this goal
problems
 Doing plan to solve
problems
 Students forming a club
with marginalizing people
a voice
 Exams that focusing on
critical thinking abilities

3. Answer this journal. Adjust the table for your answer.

Two Things I Learned from this Chapter My Thoughts or Reaction/s

Know who you are as a Person It is critical in life to know who you are as a
person, what you believe in, and what you think
to be true. These values are significant because
they influence what you do in life as well as how
you act and react in various situations. This
principle is no less important or valuable in the
teaching profession.

Schools and the community are one entity,

The Importance of School and Community
Relationship
and that community collaborations are critical to
assisting children in reaching their full potential.
Collaboration between the community and
schools enhances and promotes the values,
culture, and learning opportunities that schools
may provide for their pupils.

4. The modern explosion of knowledge has led to an age of specialization with this concomitant
quip:
A specialist knows more and more about less and less.
 An expert knows more and more about less and less
Until he or she knows everything about nothing.
A related joke cleverly twists this saying:

A generalist knows less and less about more and more

Until he or she knows nothing about everything.

Should schools produce generalists or specialists? Defend your answer in eight (8) sentences.

To begin with, information is power in today’s society, and having a broad understanding of a
variety of topics can be really beneficial. The globe is extremely interconnected, with people from all
walks of life collaborating to solve complicated problems. A generalist can see deeper into the
interconnections and identify answers that a specialist would not be able to find. All of a company’s
various departments communicate with one another. A generalist can assist in seeing the wider
picture and developing ideas and solutions that benefit the entire company. Transferable abilities are
becoming increasingly vital in a fast-changing industry. Generalists are more likely to have
transferable talents. But this isn’t only crucial for the company; it’s also critical for its employees, as
transferable abilities are useful in a variety of settings.

5. “If you cannot bring the learners to the world, bring the world to the classroom.” Will this go
with John Dewey’s philosophy of education: Explain your answer in five (5) sentences.

The concept of ‘learning by doing’ was central to Dewey’s definition of education. His work was
based on the ‘cognitivist’ learning movement. He believed in students interacting with their
surroundings and relying on their previous experiences. Yes, if you can bring the outside world into
the classroom and use the students’ own experiences, you are attempting to implement one of
Dewey’s concepts. The student’s’reflection’ on the experience also aids learning. As a result, pupils
are able to participate actively in the learning process.

6. Is free tertiary education really pro-poor in the sense that it is the poor who are indeed
benefited? Justify your answer in five (5) sentences.

Knowledge is an undervalued resource that has the potential to raise people out of poverty. You have
the potential to make money if it is a knowledgeable expertise. Free higher education is extremely
beneficial to the poor. Without having to pay for studies that may have to be paid throughout one’s
life, money can be used to better one’s life. It makes no difference whether you are wealthy or not.