30/09/2017

Dr. Ernesto Vázquez Martínez

UANL, México

They all involve the trapping of energy

somewhere in the circuit and its subsequent
release.

They all have considerable practical

significance.

1
 30/09/2017

It can give rise to an abnormal voltage.

No load or magnetizing current of a
transformer is being switched.
When a shunt reactor is disconnected.
After a normal transient due to trapped
charges.

2
 30/09/2017

The peak voltage reached across the capacitor, and

therefore across the winding, is given by the product
of the instantaneous current chopped and the surge
impedance of the transformer.

3
 30/09/2017

AXYZ < 30% AQXY

V < I0 (0.3
Lm/C)1/2
V ≈ 73 kV

Although current chopping is a potential hazard,

practical considerations of power circuits often
remove the danger.

The overvoltage is limited due damping.

The potential danger to transformer
insulation tends to diminish as the voltage
rating of the transformer increases.
Ait0cored reactors, or reactors with
significant air gaps do not behave in this way.
Practically all their energy is recoverable.

4
30/09/2017

5
30/09/2017

6
 30/09/2017

Motors are rarely at risk due to current

chopping in spite of the fact that in general
they are not insulated as well as
transformers. This is because their no-load
inductance is significantly less than a
transformer of comparable rating, whereas
their capacitance is significantly higher.

7
30/09/2017

8
 30/09/2017

The voltage escalate in capacitors and lines

switching is technically possible, but it
happens from time to time.
In practical re-strikes will not always occur at
the voltage peak, if it escalates, does so more
slowly.
If current is interrupted at first zero current
(point A), after high-frequency oscillation, the
voltage across the breaker can reach 4 pu,
and a new re-strike can be occurred.

Some circuit breaker are not capable of

interrupting current at the first current zero
instant, they made when contacts are
separated.
After the contacts have parted, the voltage of
2V will appear across the contacts while their
separation is small, it increased likelihood of
the device reigniting.

9
30/09/2017

10
30/09/2017

11
30/09/2017

12
30/09/2017

13
 30/09/2017

High voltages can appear across the elements

of a series LC circuit when it is excited at or
near its natural frequency.
Conditions: nonlinear inductance and R=0.

14
30/09/2017

15
 30/09/2017

There is not inherent limitation in the

methods used in single-phase circuits.
Basic methods:
◦ Simply extend the single-phase approach.
◦ Symmetrical components.
Type of neutral connection.

16
 30/09/2017

Sistema puesto a tierra solidamente:

2 2
VTRV = 2VA 0 = V
3
Sistema con neutro aislado:

 3 32 2 
VTRV = 2VAP = 2 2  V =  V
 
2 2  3 

17
30/09/2017

18
30/09/2017

19
30/09/2017

20
 30/09/2017

Dr. Ernesto Vázquez Martínez

UANL, México

21