Anato

my of
Dendrite
Mitochondrion
Cell body

Neuro Nissl bodies/ Nissl substance

n
Axon Hillock
Axon

Nucleus Collateral branch

Neurofibrils

One Schwann Cell

Axonal Terminal Node of Ranvier

Schwann Cells, forming

the myelin sheath on
axon
FUNCTIONS
1) Dendrite – designed to receive signals/communications from other cells and
carry that information to the cell body.
2) Mitochondrion - establish membrane excitability and to execute the complex
processes of neurotransmission and plasticity.
3) Cell Body - integrates information from the dendrites and other synaptic inputs in
determining the messages to be transmitted to other cells through its axon.
4) Nissl substance – responsible for protein synthesis and cellular metabolism.
5) Axon Hillock - initiating neuron chemical impulses after receiving them from
other neurons.
6) Neurofibrils – functions just like the cytoskeleton. They support the organelles and
change the shape of the cell as a whole; determines the shape of the neuron.
7) Nucleus - necessary for the coded production of proteins within the cell. It
contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes.
8) Axon - allows neurons to transmit electrical and chemical signals away to be
received by other neurons.
9) Collateral branch - provide modulation and regulation of the cell firing pattern and
represent a feedback system for the neuronal activity.
10) Schwann Cells - responsible for forming the myelin sheath around the neurons of
the peripheral nervous system, and supplying nutrients to individual axons.
11) Myelin Sheath - insulate and protect the axons of neurons.
12) Node of Ranvier - facilitates the rapid conduction of nerve impulses.
13) Axonal Terminal - specialized to release the neurotransmitters of the presynaptic
cell.
14)
Regio
ns of
the Cerebral
Hemisphere

Brain Diencephalon

Cerebellum

Brain Stem
FUNCTIONS
1) Cerebral Hemisphere - controls muscle functions and also controls speech,
thought, emotions, reading, writing, and learning.
2) Diencephalon - involved in many crucial bodily functions including coordinating
with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor
signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating circadian rhythms (the sleep wake
cycle).
3) Cerebellum - receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord,
and other parts of the brain and then regulates control of movements.
4) Brain Stem – responsible for the regulation of heart rate, breathing, sleeping,
and eating.