Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION V- BICOL
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF IRIGA CITY

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Science 10 Quarter 3 Week 4.1
Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _____________
Section: __________________________________________ Score: ____________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

When you copy from the blackboard, sometimes you make mistakes. In
the similar way, mistakes may occur when DNA is replicated. The change in the
DNA sequence is called Mutation. These may delete such protein or change its
structure.

Are you curious about what and how do these changes in DNA sequence
affect organisms? Get ready to feed your curiosity and seek answer to your
questions as you hop on and accomplish the tasks ahead.

II. LEARNING SKILLS

MELC: Explain how mutations may cause changes in the structure and functions
of protein. (S10LTIIIe-38)
Objectives:

1. Differentiate the kinds of chromosomal mutations

2. Identify the variety of genetic disorders due to loss or gain of chromosomes.

III. ACTIVITIES

A. Activity 1A.
Direction: The following illustrations show the different processes on how a
chromosome may change. Identify the type of chromosomal mutation shown.
Choose your answer from the box below and write it on the blank provided.

 Inversion

 Translocation

 Duplication

 Deletion
 B. Activity 1B.
Direction: Identify the genetic disorder being described in each number by
arranging the scrambled letters. Write your answer on the blank
provided.

EWDARSD YDNSOREM
_________ ___________ This is a trisomy of chromosome 18

UTRENRS YDNSOREM
These are identified with chromosome X instead of XX
_________ ___________
or XY.
SRETKLNEIFLE YDNSOREM
___________ __________ These are identified with chromosome XXY.

IRC UD HTAC
This is caused by the deletion of part of the short arm of
___ ___ _____
chromosome 5.
WNSOD YDNSOREM
_______ ___________
This is usually caused by an extra copy of chromosome
21 (trisomy 21)
SENCOJAB YDNSOREM
__________ ___________ This is also called terminal 11q deletion disorder

C. Analysis
Answer the following:
1. Based on Activity 1A, identify the type of chromosomal mutation. Write De for
deletion, T for translocation, I for inversion, and Du for duplication.

__________1. It is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome

breaks and a portion of it reattaches to a different chromosome.

__________2. It occurs when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA
replication or a portion of the chromatid was removed.

__________3. It occurs when a section of DNA breaks away from a chromosome

during the reproductive process and then reattaches to the
chromosome in reversed order.

__________4. It happens when a part of the chromosome is repeated/duplicated.

2. Complete the table below:

Name of disorder Chromosomal Abnormalities

Down’s syndrome
Deletion of part of the short arm of
chromosome 5
Edwards syndrome
Terminal 11q deletion

X instead of XX or XY
 C. Abstraction

What is mutation?

Mutation takes place when there is a change in the DNA sequence. It can be
induced by factors called mutagens which are commonly in form of toxic chemicals, and
harmful radiation.
Mutations can occur in two different types of cells: reproductive cells and body
cells. Only mutations in sex cells pass on to offspring. There are two types of mutations
that occur in gamete/sex cells: gene mutation (a permanent change in DNA sequence
that makes up a gene); and chromosomal mutation resulting to gene deletion,
duplication or rearrangement that may occur during the cell cycle and meiosis.
Mutations in chromosomes may occur in variety of ways:
1. Translocation is a type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome
breaks and a portion of it reattaches to a different chromosome.
2. Deletion occurs when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA
replication or a portion of the chromatid was removed.
3. Inversion occur when a section of DNA breaks away from a chromosome during
the reproductive process and then reattaches to the chromosome in reversed
order.
4. Duplication when a part of the chromosome is repeated/duplicated.

What are the variety of genetic disorders due to loss or gain of chromosomes?

Changes that affect the structure of chromosomes can cause problems with
growth, development, and function of the body’s systems. The effects of structural
changes depend on their size and location, and whether any genetic material is
gained or lost.

Look closely at the images below. These are humans with disorders due to
chromosomal mutation.

Source: https://drustapbio.fandom.com/wiki/Cri_du_Chat Source: https://www.truemedo.com/down-syndrome/

Figure 1. Cri du Chat Figure 2. Down’s Syndrome
 EDWARDS SYNDROME
Source: https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/Article?contentid=875&language=English
Figure 3. Edwards Syndrome

Source: Source:
https://www.lybrate.com/topic/all-about-klinefelter-s-syndrome/1e1bc9
https://www.dovemed.com/diseases conditions/jacobsen-syndro
me/ 228ec4295b4b4fb2792f299f53
Figure 4. Jacobsen Syndrome Figure 5. Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Source:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/chromosome-and-gene-an
omalies/turner-syndrome
Figure 6. Turner’s Syndrome

1. Cri du chat is caused by the deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome
5. “Cri du chat” is French, and the condition is so named because the affected
babies make high-pitched cries that sound like a cat. (Figure 1)
 2. Down’s syndrome is usually caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
(trisomy 21). Characteristics include decreased muscle tone, stockier build,
asymmetrical skull, slanting eyes and mild to moderate mental retardation.
(Figure 2)
3. Edward’s syndrome is a trisomy of chromosome 18. Symptoms include
mental retardation and numerous congenital anomalies causing serious
health problems. (Figure 3)
4. Jacobsen syndrome is also called terminal 11q deletion disorder. Those
affected have normal intelligence or mild mental retardation, with poor or
excessive language skills. (Figure 4)
5. Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY) men with this condition are usually sterile and
tend to have longer arms and legs and are taller than their peers. (Figure 5)
6. Turner’s syndrome (X instead of XX or XY). Female sexual characteristics are
present but underdeveloped. They often have a short stature, low hairline,
abnormal eye feature and bone development and a “caved-in” appearance to
the chest. (Figure 6)

Source: Acosta, Herma D.,et.al (2015). Mutation. Science Learner's Material 10 (pp. 281-290).
Rex Bookstore.

D. Application

Direction: Answer the following questions:

1. Why do you think abnormalities (physical/mental) happen when there is a

single change in the DNA sequence?

2. How can we prevent those abnormalities caused by mutations?

IV. REFLECTION

I have learned that

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

I wish to ask my teacher about

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

V. REFERENCE:
 Acosta, Herma D.,et.al (2015). Mutation. Science Learner's Material 10 (pp.
251-252). Rex Bookstore.