EXPERIMENT: 05

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

Simulation of single phase Full-wave controlled rectifier with R, RL, RLE load with
analysis of FFT plot and calculation of THD.
SOFTWARE USED:
MATLAB
SIMULATION BLOCKS REQUIRED:
Single Phase AC voltage source
Thyristor
Series RLC branch
DC Voltage Source
Ground
Powergui
Scope
Display
Current measurement block
Voltage measurement block
THD block
Mean block
RMS block

THEORY:

Fully-controlled Bridge Rectifier

In the fully-controlled rectifier configuration, the average DC load voltage is

controlled using two thyristors per half-cycle. Thyristors SCR1 and SCR4 are
fired together as a pair during the positive half-cycle, while
thyristors SCR3 and SCR4 are also fired together as a pair during the negative
half-cycle. That is 180o after SCR1 and SCR4.
Then during continuous conduction mode of operation the four thyristors are
constantly being switched as alternate pairs to maintain the average or
 equivalent DC output voltage. As with the half-controlled rectifier, the output
voltage can be fully controlled by varying the thyristors firing delay angle (α).

Fully-controlled Rectifier Average Output Voltage for R load

In RL and RLE load there are two modes of operation continuous and
discontinuous mode.to get continuous mode we have to change the L/R ratio
or the firing angle.continuous mode is obtained when extinction angle is
greater than the next triggering angle.
In RLE output is obtained when supply voltage is greater than the emf E.in RLE
there is another operation named LCI mode.here the full wave rectifier work
as a inverter and the power flows from load side to source side.this is useful in
case of regenerative braking.
The full-wave rectifier is more efficient than the half-wave rectifier as it uses
both half-cycles of the input sine wave producing a higher average or
equivalent DC output voltage. A disadvantage of the full-wave bridge circuit is
that is that it requires four diodes.
SIMULATION DIAGRAM:

Simulation circuit diagram for R load

Simulation circuit diagram for RL load

Simulation circuit diagram for RLE load

Simulation circuit diagram for RLE load(LCI mode,firing angle>90)

Scope analysis of the 1-phase rectifier with R load

 Scope analysis of the 1-phase rectifier with RL load(continuous mode)

Scope analysis of the 1-phase rectifier with RL load(discontinuous mode)

 Scope analysis of the 1-phase rectifier with RLE load(continuous mode)

Scope analysis of the 1-phase rectifier with RLE load(discontinuous mode)

 Scope analysis of the 1-phase rectifier with RLE load(discontinuous mode)

FFT ANALYSIS:

( With R load )
 With RL load (continuous mode)

With RL load (discontinuous mode)

With RLE load (continuous mode)

With RLE load (discontinuous mode)

Observation Table:

Load R L E RMS Mean Form Ripple THD

(in Ω) (in H) (in V) (in V) (in V) factor factor (in %)

R 10 0 0 68.21 57.77 1.18 0.62 15.95

RL(cont) 10 0.1 0 69.48 52.93 1.31 0.84 36.07
RL(discont) 100 0.05 0 68.25 57.36 1.189 0.64 11.77
RLE(cont) 10 0.1 30 69.48 52.94 1.312 0.84 26.76
RLE(discont) 100 0.05 10 68.34 59.3 1.152 0.57 14.32
RLE(lci)
-
(firing 10 0.1 80 74.07 -3.74 3.61 30.04
19.76
angle>90)

INFERENCE:
From the above experiment we studied the output waveforms of a single phase full-
wave controlled rectifier with various types of loads in continuous and discontinuous
mode and obtained the followings:
 In case of a controlled rectifier we use thyristors instead of diode to get control
over our output voltage. By simply varying the gate pulse phase we can
control the output.
 When an L load is introduced in the circuit the output voltage becomes -ve for
some period of time.but the current is still positive.which decreases the overall
power flow.
 When an external battery (E) is introduced in the circuit, the output voltage is
obtained only for the part when the source voltage is greater than E.
 IN RLE when firing angle is greater than 90 degree the full wave rectifier
work as a line commutated inverter means the power is flown back from the
load side to source side.
 In FFT analysis, all the 100’s multiple harmonics are absent in case of R load
whereas all the harmonics are present for both RL and RLE load.

Durgadutta das
Regd no:-1901106296
Branch:-Electrical
Group:-A(A2)