LIGHTING SYSTEM

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LIGHTING SYSTEM

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 Total Lighting Concept

 The Right Light

 At the Right place
 At the Right Time
 At the Right Cost

Power Consumption
– 2 to 10 % for
different industries
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 Terminologies
 Lumens
 Flux emitted by lamp
 Luminous efficacy
 Lumens/Watt
 Color Rendering Index
 Colors of surfaces illuminated by a given light source
 Illuminance
 Lumens/sq meter (Lux)

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 Plasma
LED Lamp
Evolution of Lamp Technology
Light

Induction
Lamp

Metal Halide
Lamp

CFL
Sodium
Lamp

FTL Mercury
Lamp

Incandescent
Lamp
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 LIGHTING COMPARISON

400 540 690 1680 5040

W W W W W

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 LIGHTING COMPARISON

Lamp type Luminous efficacy Lamp life

(Lm/W) (hours)
Incandescent 8 – 21 750 to 2,500
Tungsten-halogen 18 - 24 4,000
CFL 60 8000 to 10,000
Mercury vapour 26 - 50 24,000
Metal halide 61 – 100 7,000 to 20,000
Fluorescent 70 – 100 9,000 to 20,000
High pressure sodium 57 – 125 16,000 to 24,000
Low pressure sodium 150 18,000
Induction lamp 70 - 90 100,000
LED 80 50,000 to 75000

7 © Confederation of Indian Industry

Fluorescent Lamp
Good
T12, 38 mm
60 Lm/W

Better
T8, 26 mm
68 Lm/W

Best
T5, 16 mm
104 Lm/W

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 Comparison -Life

20000 Best
Hours FTL 28W
T5, 16 mm dia

8000 Better
Hours FTL 36W
T8, 26 mm dia

5000 Good
Hours FTL 40W
T12, 38 mm dia

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Comparison –Color Rendition

T12 T8 T5
65% 72% 85%

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 Energy Efficient Fluorescent Lamps
- T5 lamps

 Latest – T-5 Lamps - 16 mm dia

 Advantages
Efficacy – 104 Lumens / Watt
Power consumption – 28 Watts
Higher Colour rendering (CRI – 85)
Fitted with Electronic chokes

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Light Emitting Diode (LED)

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 What is LED ?

 LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device
that emits visible light when an electric current passes
through it.
 Can be produced in various colors
 Depends on semi-conducting material
 Depends on impurities added
 Only based on solid state lighting
 No glass or fragile material used

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 Color Temperature

 Color Temperature
 Warmth or cooling of light

Warm Light Neutral Light Cool Light

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Color Temperature

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 Advantages of LED

 Lower energy consumption

 1W/Led
 Longer lifetime (50,000 hrs)
 Smaller size
 Faster switching
 Greater durability and
reliability
 Good CRI > 80

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 Advantages of LED

 Low light loss in other directions

 More focused light with special fixtures & optics
 Eco friendly
 Contains no pollutants like mercury
 Reduced glare
 Increased road safety
 Has single wave length light
 No insects are attracted

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 Disadvantages and challenges in using LEDs

 Expensive
 Ambient temperature
 high ambient temperatures may result in overheating of the LED
package

 Electronic drivers
 the correct voltage and current at a constant flow
 LED’s can shift color due to age and temperature.
 two different white LED will have two different color characteristics,
which affect how the light is perceived.

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 Magnetic Induction Lamps

 Electrode less fluorescent lamp

 Three Components
 Frequency generator
 Vacuum sealed glass shell with inert gas and mercury
 Ferrite core rings with coil

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Magnetic Induction lamps

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 Types of Magnetic Induction lamps

External
Induction
Light

Internal
Induction Light

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 Magnetic Induction Lamps

Advantages Disadvantages

• Life – 100,000 hrs • High Installation Cost

• No maintenance • Electromagnetic
• 85 Lumens/W interference
• Harsh environment • Overheating due to
operation poor design
• Color temperature • Limited range of colors
above 3000 K

Used in Street lighting, Parking lots, Shopping

Malls

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 Comparison of LED vs Induction Lighting

Parameters LED Induction Lighting

Energy Efficiency Upto 90 lumens/W Upto 120 lumens /W

Lifetime 50000 to 75000 hrs Upto 100000 hrs

Cold tolerant May require warm up Instant ON

time at low temperature

Performance No flickering or glare No flickering or glare

Color temperature 2700 K to 6500 K > 4500 K

Color Rendering >80 >80

Cost High Higher than LED

23 basics of ligting
Christian Osório 02.09.2013 © Confederation of Indian Industry
 Light Emitting Plasma ( LEP)

 LEP is a high intensity lighting source

that offers bright, full-spectrum
illumination in an energy saving and
low maintenance package

 LEP is used in large scale, high lumen

applications and is ideal for
municipal, industrial, stadium and
street and area lighting
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 Light Emitting Plasma ( LEP)

Step 1 –RF power amplifier connected to a ceramic

resonator known as the “puck”. In the centre of the
puck is a sealed quartz lamp that contains metal
halide materials and other gases.

Step 2 –When amplifier is on electric field

generated. The electric field is strongest at the
centre of the lamp, which causes ionization of the
gases, creating a glow.

Step 3-The ionized gas in turn heats up and

evaporates the metal halide materials forming an
intense plasma column within the lamp. This plasma
column is cantered within the quartz envelope and
radiates light very efficiently.
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 Why LEP ???

 Superior Light distribution –

 Create optimal light distribution from a single, directional point
source
 Natural Illumination-
 Enhance visibility from a full spectrum plasma acre ( up to 95 CRI)
 Energy Savings –
 Reduce energy usage by 50% without sacrificing the brightness level
 Worry free reliability-
 Eliminate failure mode and lumen degradation

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 Applications

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Case Study - Replacement of Himast MH lamp with
Plasma Lamp

 Present Status
 Eight High Masts
 Provided with 18 Nos of MH lamps
 Each MH lamp 400 W
 Frequent failure

 Present Status
 Eight High Masts
 Provided with 5 Nos of Plasma Lamp
 Each Plasma lamp 280 W

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Case Study - Replacement of Himast MH lamp
with Plasma Lamp

Annual Saving - Rs 4 Lakhs

Investment - Rs 14 Lakhs
Pay Back - 42 Months

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 Light Pipe

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 Light Pipe

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 Light Pipe

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 Light Pipe

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 Light Pipe

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 Fibre Optic Day Lighting

 Fibre Optics
 Popular in medical field
 Used for lighting in operation theatres
 Same concept applicable for other applications
 Light Collector: Mounted on roofs or facades and
moves uniformly around their axis , tracking and
concentrating sunlight
 Optical cable: Thin and flexible can be up to
5-20 M


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Fibre Optic Day Lighting

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Fibre Optic Day Lighting

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Fibre Optic Day Lighting

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Lighting Automation & Control

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 Lighting Control by voltage
 Voltage reduction - Discharge Lighting
 What is the optimum voltage ? 210 V
 Reduction in voltage by - 15%
 Proportional drop in power consumption - 15%
 Insignificant drop in illumination level
 Only digital lux meters - measure the drop (1 - 2%)

 How to reduce the voltage?

Lighting Voltage Stabilizer

Transformer
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Case Study : Install Automatic Servo Voltage Stablizer in
Lighting Feeder

Engineering Unit
Lighting load : 120 kW
Operating lighting voltage : 240 Volts
Auto voltage stabilizer (150 kVA) - Installed
Reduced voltage : 210 Volts
Power saving : 15 kW

Annual Savings : Rs.2.20 lakhs

Investment : Rs.1.50 lakhs
Payback : 9 Months

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 Passive Infrared Sensor

 Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) control

 Works on occupancy basis
 Time and distance can be set in the sensor

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 Passive Infrared Sensor

 PIR sensors can be installed in office areas, admin

building and rest rooms
 Advantages using PIR sensors:
 Easy to Mount in ceilings - no separate support is
required
 Can vary Timings & distance according to Locations

 Life span of Lamps will increase

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 Timer Based Control

 Timer control
 Automatically turn ON/OFF at a preset
time to match a regular schedule

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 Day Light Control
 Day light sensor control
 Automatically turn ON/OFF by
detecting the daylight from outside.

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 Nature Switch
 Nature Switch – smart solution
for outdoor lighting
 It handles a lighting load of up
to 3 kW in single phase
 Uses LDR which operates by the
illumination levels.
 Operating Illuminance Levels
 For Switching ON : < 60 lux for
>30 sec
 For Switching OFF : >100 lux
for >30 sec

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 Recommendations on Illuminance

 The recommended lux levels are recommended as a

range
 Eg : L-R-H (20-30-50)
 As circumstances may be different for different interiors of
same application
 For different conditions of same kind of activity

 R’ represents middle value that generally apply

 ‘H’ should be used in cases where visual work is critical and errors are
costly to rectify
 ‘L’ is used when speed and accuracy is not important & task is executed
occasionally

48

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IES - Recommendations

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Thank you

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