Lighting System M

LIGHTING SYSTEM
© Confederation of Indian Industry

LIGHTING SYSTEM

Total Lighting Concept
 The Right Light

 At the Right place
 At the Right Time
 At the Right Cost
Power Consumption
– 2 to 10 % for
different industries
Terminologies
 Lumens
 Flux emitted by lamp
 Luminous efficacy
 Lumens/Watt
 Color Rendering Index
 Colors of surfaces illuminated by a given light source
 Illuminance
 Lumens/sq meter (Lux)

Plasma
LED Lamp
Evolution of Lamp Technology
Light
Induction
Lamp
Metal Halide
Lamp
CFL
Sodium
Lamp
FTL Mercury
Lamp
Incandescent
Lamp
LIGHTING COMPARISON
400 540 690 1680 5040

W W W W W
6 © Confederation of Indian Industry

LIGHTING COMPARISON
Lamp type Luminous efficacy Lamp life
(Lm/W) (hours)
Incandescent 8 – 21 750 to 2,500
Tungsten-halogen 18 - 24 4,000
CFL 60 8000 to 10,000
Mercury vapour 26 - 50 24,000
Metal halide 61 – 100 7,000 to 20,000
Fluorescent 70 – 100 9,000 to 20,000
High pressure 57 – 125 16,000 to 24,000
sodium
Low pressure 150 18,000
sodium
Induction
7 lamp 70 - 90
100,000
Fluorescent Lamp
Good
T12, 38 mm
60 Lm/W
Better
T8, 26 mm
68 Lm/W
Best
T5, 16 mm
104 Lm/W

Comparison -Life
20000 Best
Hours FTL 28W
T5, 16 mm dia
8000 Better
Hours FTL 36W
T8, 26 mm dia
5000 Good
Hours FTL 40W
T12, 38 mm dia

Comparison –Color Rendition
T12 T8 T5
65% 72% 85%

Energy Efficient Fluorescent Lamps
- T5 lamps
 Latest – T-5 Lamps - 16 mm dia

 Advantages
Efficacy – 104 Lumens / Watt
Power consumption – 28 Watts
Higher Colour rendering (CRI – 85)
Fitted with Electronic chokes

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

What is LED ?
 LED
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device
that emits visible light when an electric current passes
through it.
 Can be produced in various colors
 Depends on semi-conducting material
 Depends on impurities added
 Only based on solid state lighting
 No glass or fragile material used

Color Temperature
 Color Temperature
 Warmth or cooling of light
Warm Light Neutral Light Cool Light

Color Temperature

Advantages of LED
 Lower energy consumption

 1W/Led
 Longer lifetime (50,000 hrs)
 Smaller size
 Faster switching
 Greater durability and
reliability
 Good CRI > 80

Advantages of LED
 Low light loss in other directions

 More focused light with special fixtures & optics
 Eco friendly
 Contains no pollutants like mercury
 Reduced glare
 Increased road safety
 Has single wave length light
 No insects are attracted

Disadvantages and challenges in using LEDs
 Expensive
 Ambient temperature
 high ambient temperatures may result in overheating of the
LED package
 Electronic drivers
 the correct voltage and current at a constant flow
 LED’s can shift color due to age and temperature.
 two different white LED will have two different color
characteristics, which affect how the light is perceived.

Comparison
 Efficacy comparison – for street light

 HPSV : 90 – 120 Lum/W
 HPMV : 40 – 60 Lum/W
 Metal halide : 70 – 90 Lum/W
 LED : 100 Lum/W
 Power consumption (W/Lum)
 HPSV : 0.0298 (1.93)
 HPMV : 0.0370 (2.4)
 LED : 0.0154 (1)

Substitution Policy with LED
Metal Halide LED
150 W 45 – 60 W
250 W 60 – 100 W
400 W 135 – 200 W

Light Emitting Plasma ( LEP)
 LEP is a high intensity lighting source

that offers bright, full-spectrum
illumination in an energy saving and
low maintenance package
 LEP is used in large scale, high lumen

applications and is ideal for
municipal, industrial, stadium and
street and area lighting
Why LEP ???
 Superior Light distribution –

 Create optimal light distribution from a single, directional
point source
 Natural Illumination-
 Enhance visibility from a full spectrum plasma acre ( up to
95 CRI)
 Energy Savings –
 Reduce energy usage by 50% without sacrificing the
brightness level
 Worry free reliability-
 Eliminate failure mode and lumen degradation
Applications

Case Study - Replacement of Himast MH lamp with
Plasma Lamp
 Present Status
 Eight High Masts
 Provided with 18 Nos of MH lamps
 Each MH lamp 400 W
 Frequent failure
 Present Status
 Eight High Masts
 Provided with 5 Nos of Plasma Lamp
 Each Plasma lamp 280 W

Case Study - Replacement of Himast MH lamp
with Plasma Lamp
Annual Saving - Rs 4 Lakhs

Investment - Rs 14 Lakhs
Pay Back - 42 Months

Magnetic Induction Lamps
 Electrode less fluorescent lamp
 Three Components
 Frequency generator
 Vacuum sealed glass shell with inert gas and mercury
 Ferrite core rings with coil

Magnetic Induction lamps

Types of Magnetic Induction lamps
External
Induction
Light
Internal
Induction Light
29 © Confederation of Indian Industry

Magnetic Induction Lamps
Advantages Disadvantages
• Life – 100,000 hrs • High Installation Cost

• No maintenance • Electromagnetic
• 85 Lumens/W interference
• Harsh environment • Overheating due to
operation poor design
• Color temperature • Limited range of colors
above 3000 K
Used in Street lighting, Parking lots, Shopping

Malls

Comparison of LED vs Induction Lighting
Parameters LED Induction Lighting
Energy Efficiency Upto 90 lumens/W Upto 120 lumens /W
Lifetime 50000 to 75000 hrs Upto 100000 hrs
Cold tolerant May require warm up Instant ON

time at low temperature
Performance No flickering or glare No flickering or glare
Color temperature 2700 K to 6500 K > 4500 K
Color Rendering >80 >80
Cost High Higher than LED
31 basics of ligting
Christian Osório 02.09.2013 © Confederation of Indian Industry
Daylight Harvesting

Light Pipe

Light Pipe

Light Pipe

Light Pipe

Light Pipe

Fibre Optic Day Lighting
 Fibre Optics
 Popular in medical field
 Used for lighting in operation theatres
 Same concept applicable for other applications
 Light Collector: Mounted on roofs or facades and
moves uniformly around their axis , tracking and
concentrating sunlight
 Optical cable: Thin and flexible can be up to
5-20 M





Lighting Automation & Control

Lighting Control by voltage
 Voltage reduction - Discharge Lighting
 What is the optimum voltage ? 210 V
 Reduction in voltage by - 15%
 Proportional drop in power consumption - 15%
 Insignificant drop in illumination level
 Only digital lux meters - measure the drop (1 - 2%)
 How to reduce the voltage?
Lighting Voltage Stabilizer

Transformer
Case Study : Install Automatic Servo Voltage
Stablizer in Lighting Feeder
Engineering Unit
Lighting load : 120 kW
Operating lighting voltage : 240 Volts
Auto voltage stabilizer (150 kVA) - Installed
Reduced voltage : 210 Volts
Power saving : 15 kW
Annual Savings : Rs.2.20 lakhs

Investment : Rs.1.50 lakhs
Payback : 9 Months

Passive Infrared Sensor
 Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) control

 Works on occupancy basis
 Time and distance can be set in the sensor

Passive Infrared Sensor
 PIR sensors can be installed in office areas,

admin building and rest rooms
 Advantages using PIR sensors:
 Easy to Mount in ceilings - no separate support is

required
 Can vary Timings & distance according to Locations
 Life span of Lamps will increase

Timer Based Control
 Timer control
 Automaticallyturn ON/OFF at a preset
time to match a regular schedule

Day Light Control
 Day light sensor control

 Automatically turn ON/OFF by
detecting the daylight from outside.

Nature Switch
 Nature Switch – smart
solution for outdoor lighting
 It handles a lighting load
of up to 3 kW in single
phase
 Uses LDR which operates by
the illumination levels.
 Operating Illuminance
Levels
 For Switching ON : < 60 lux for
>30 sec
 For Switching OFF : >100 lux
for >30 sec © Confederation of Indian Industry
Recommendations on Illuminance
 The recommended lux levels are

recommended as a range
 Eg : L-R-H (20-30-50)
 As circumstances may be different for different
interiors of same application
 For different conditions of same kind of activity
 R’ represents middle value that generally apply
 ‘H’ should be used in cases where visual work is critical and
errors are costly to rectify
 ‘L’ is used when speed and accuracy is not important & task is
executed occasionally
50

IES - Recommendations

Other Opportunities in Lighting Energy
Conservation
 Maximum utilisation of natural light

 Natural Light Controlled by Motorised Blinds
 Providing limit switches in MCC rooms
 Timer based on/off system or lux level
control for street lighting

Other Opportunities in Lighting Energy
Conservation
Cost Effective Option:
Employing proper maintenance
& cleaning programmes

Summary
Lamp type Luminous efficiency Lamp life
(Lm/W) (hours)
Incandescent 8 – 21 750 to 2,500
Tungsten-halogen 18 - 24 4,000
CFL 60 8000 to 10,000
Mercury vapour 26 - 50 24,000
Metal halide 61 – 100 7,000 to 20,000
Fluorescent 70 – 100 9,000 to 20,000
High pressure sodium 57 – 125 16,000 to 24,000
Low pressure sodium 150 18,000
Induction lamp 70 - 90 60,000 to 100,000
LED 80 Industry
© Confederation of Indian 50,000to 100,000
Substitution Policy
OLD TECHNOLOGY => NEW TECHNOLOGY
• T12 Fluorescent – 4’ and 8’ • T8, T5 and T5 Fluorescent

Systems Systems
• Magnetic Ballasts • Electronic Ballasts
• Incandescent • Halogen ,CFL, MH & LED
• Halogen • Metal Halide and LED
• Manual Controls •Automatic Controls, Bi-Level and

Continuous Dimming Systems

Thank you

Lighting System M

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LIGHTING SYSTEM

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 The Right Light

© Confederation of Indian Industry

400 540 690 1680 5040

6 © Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 Latest – T-5 Lamps - 16 mm dia

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

Warm Light Neutral Light Cool Light

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 Lower energy consumption

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 Low light loss in other directions

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 Efficacy comparison – for street light

© Confederation of Indian Industry

Metal Halide LED

400 W 135 – 200 W

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 LEP is a high intensity lighting source

 LEP is used in large scale, high lumen

 Superior Light distribution –

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

Annual Saving - Rs 4 Lakhs

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 Electrode less fluorescent lamp

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

29 © Confederation of Indian Industry

• Life – 100,000 hrs • High Installation Cost

Used in Street lighting, Parking lots, Shopping

© Confederation of Indian Industry

Parameters LED Induction Lighting

Energy Efficiency Upto 90 lumens/W Upto 120 lumens /W

Lifetime 50000 to 75000 hrs Upto 100000 hrs

Cold tolerant May require warm up Instant ON

Performance No flickering or glare No flickering or glare

Color temperature 2700 K to 6500 K > 4500 K

Color Rendering >80 >80

Cost High Higher than LED

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

© Confederation of Indian Industry

 How to reduce the voltage?

Lighting Voltage Stabilizer

Annual Savings : Rs.2.20 lakhs