=A,r 7*

GHAPT ER &Goordinate Geometry Wt

1.
Gradient
If A(,r,,),) and B(x.._y,) are two points on a line,
then gradient of AB is lz - lt
xz-xt

il Length
The length of any line segment AB. rvhere the
coordinates of the points A and B are (-r, , .r',) and

(xr,y.) respectively is J(r, - r, )' * (y, - !,

Equation of an oblique line

The equation of a straight line passing throu-qh
the point (0, c) and with gradient m ts y = tttx + c.

I
3.
Equation of a horizontal line
The equation of a straight line that is parallel
to the "r-axis and which passes through the
point (a, b) is y - D. It has a gradient of 0.

Equation of a vertical line

The equation of a straight line that is parallel
to the )'-&xis and rvhich passes through the
point (a, b) is x = a. Its gradient is undefined.

ii,,rt"'u,;Wffi
 ri{r{rf"';r"\

r,effifr$;
1. Find the gradient of the straight line passing through each of the following pairs of points.
(a) (5,3) and (7,9) (b) (4,3) and (9,3)
(c) (-2,5)and(1,-l) (d) (15,-4)and(-1,-13)
(e) (3,6) and (-5 ,-14) (0 (8, -3) and (-4, -10)

2. The points A(2,0), B(0, 4),C(2,5),D(7,3) and E(6,1) are shorvn inthe diagram.
v

5 CQ,5)
0,4)
4
3 D(] ,3)
2

I E(6. 1)
;0)
r 2 3 4 5 61
Find the gradient of each of the line segments AB, AC, AD, BE and CD.

3. If the gradient of the line joining the points (4, a) and (7, 5) is 2, find the value of a.

4. If the gradient of the line joining the points (6, -2) and (.b,5) is 14, find the value of b.

5. The coordinates of P and Q are (2k,7) and (-ft, 4) respectively. Given thaf the gradient of the line segment
PQ is -2, find the value of fr.

6. Find the length of the line segment joining each of the following pairs of points. Give your answer correct to
2 decimal places where necessary.
(a) (2,4) and (l ,2) (b) (I , -2) and (3, 5)
(c) (-2,l) and (6, -l ) (d) (-2, -3) and ( I , 4)
(e) (2, *1) and (2,4) (0 e2,3) and (7 , - I )

7 . If the distance betrveen the points A(3 , 5) and B(0, ft) is 5 units, find the possible values of fr.

8. Given that ,r = -2x + c passes througir the point (2,0), find the value of c.

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 9. The point (2, -5) lies on the line -)' = 3-{ + k. Find the value of tr.

10. Find the equation of the straight line passing through each of the following pairs of points.
(a) (0, 3) and ( I , 5) (b) (0, -3 ) and (5, 3 )
(c) (2, l) and (7, 1) (d) (5 ,l) and (5,
-2)
(e) (-3,-2) and (-5,3) (0 (6,0) and (0, 7)

11. Find the equation of each of the straight lines, given its gradient and the coordinates of a point that lies on it.

(a) 2, (5,4) (bl ;. (-1.3)

I

(c) -5, (0,0) (d) 1: 'u''"

J
(e) 0, (5,9) (0 4. (0,3).

I t .In each of the following diagrams, find the equation of the line.
(a) (b)
)'

(c)

I
(e)
IIUTERMEIIIATE
13. The points A, B coordinates A(2, I ), B(5, 4) and C(l . h) respectively. If the gradient of AB is ec}ral
and C have

to the gradient of AC. find the value of /r.

,t.

14. The points (2._5). (0. 3) and (-3, /r) are collinear, i.e. they lie on a straight line. Find the value of /t.

15. The straight line rr,r = 5,v + .4 has the same gradient as the line 7-r + 6-r' + 5 = 0. Find the value of m.

16. Find the gradient of each of the following lines.

r' 1:
(a) *+; = | Y

3)
x]'
(b) i-; =l
+J
(c)
2x- 4v
=l
a .
-) -'t

1r'
(d) *+; = I
)!
rl'
(e) ;--
I tl
=l
(fl I-j=r
'))

17. Astraight line with equation 2,y -lrr+ /z passes through the points (-3,6) and (1, I i). Find the value of /cand
of h.

18. The straight line with equation 5x + 7y = 35 cuts the x-axis and i,'-axis at points H and K respectively.
Find
(i) the coordinates of H and K,
(ii) the length of the line segment HK.

19. Given that the line I * | =1 passes through (0,3) and (5, l), find th. uulu" of a and of b and the gradient
of the line.

20. The straight line 2y = Lr + 6c has the same gradient as the line 5x + 4y = 7 and passes through the
point ( 1 , 8). Find the value of ft and of c.
 zl. The vertices of aABC have coordinates A(2, 4) , B(9 , 4) and Co. I I ).

4
A(2,4)
2

(i) Find the area of LABC.

(ii) Calculate the length of BC.
(iii) Hence, find the length of the perpenclicular from A to BC.

22. The vertices of LABC have coordinares A(-2.6). B(3, l) and c(g,6).

A(-2,6)

I
(i) Find the perimerer and the area of AABC.
(ii) Shorv that LABC is an isosceles triangle.
(iii) Given that ABCD is a parallelogram, find the coordinates of D.

23. The coordinates of LABC areA(2, 6) , B(4 , Z) and C(12, 6).

(i) Find the length of AB. of BC and of AC.
(ii) Hence shorv thar AABC.fs a right-angled triangle.

,|,
24. ThepointsA(-3,8),8(-5,-2)and C(k,13)lieonthesanrestraightline.FindthevalueofAandtheequation
of the line.

,t,,rt,rrl,.r,. r:tw
25. Find the equation of the line which passes through the points (-4, 3) and (4, -6).

26. The coordinates of O , A and B are O(0, 0), A(5 , 0) and B(7. 8). Find
(i) the gradient of AB,
(ii) the equation of AB.
(iii) the area of LABC.

27 . The lines (k + 2)x * 5 = 3r' and (ft + 3),r' = ) x - 6 have the same gradient. Find the value(s) of ft.

28. The distance between the points (2 - k,1) and (2. k) is \6--t units. Find the possible values of ft.

29. The diagram shows LABC r,vith vertices A(-l .1), B(4.3) and C(4,-2).

)'

,2)

(i) Find the equations of the line segments AB, BC and AC.
(ii) Find the area of LABC.
The coordinates of a point E are (-1, ft) and the area of LABE is 10 units2.
(iii) Find the possible values of ft. .

30. The coordinates of LOAB are O(0, 0), A(7, 0) and B(0, 9). If C is the point (rl,o+) ,find the equarion of
(i) AB,
(ii) oc,
(iii) the line through C and having the same gradient as OA,
(iv) the line through C and having the same gradient as OB.
 ADUANGED
31. The coordinates of the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A(-2,3), B(1 , 12) . C( ll, -5) and D(2, -14).

(i) Find the gradient of the four sides of ABCD. What do you observe about the gradients ol' the opposite
sides of the parallelogram?
(ii) Find the equations of AD and CD.
(iii) Find the length of the diagonal BD.

32. Find the coordinates of the vertices of AABC formed by the intersection of the lines x + ,\' = 0,,r = 0 and
j = x - l. Hence, find the area of AABC.

33. The diagram shows the points A(-1,0) and B(0, 3).

(i) Find the equation of AB.

(ii) Given that the length of AB is J n units, find the value of ft.
(iii) Given that the liney =x + 1 is the line of symmetry of the triangle ABC, find the coordinates of C.
) (iv) Find the area of LABC.

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