Hadrons I '7

Table 1.1 Attributes of particles that interact strongly.

n B 5 tz m (MeV/c 2 )

p +1 0 1/2 +1/2 1/2 938.272

n +1 0 1/2 -1/2 1/2 939.565

P -1 0 1/2 -1/2 1/2 938.272

Ii -1 0 1/2 +1/2 1/2 939.565

A +1 -1 0 0 1/2 1115.68

2;+ +1 -1 1 +1 1/2 1189.4

2;0 +1 -1 1 0 1/2 1192.6

2; - +1 -1 1 -1 1/2 1197.4

A -1 +1 0 0 1/2 1115.68

t + -1 +1 1 -1 1/2 1189.4

to -1 +1 1 0 1/2 1192.6

2; - -1 +1 1 +1 1/2 1197.4

SO +1 -2 1/2 +1/2 1/2 1315

w +1 -2 1/2 -1/2 1/2 1321

SO -1 +2 1/2 -1/2 1/2 1315

w -1 +2 1/2 +1/2 1/2 1321

Q- +1 -3 0 0 3/2 1672

lTo 0 0 1 0 0 134.976

IT+ 0 0 1 +1 0 139.567

IT 0 0 1 -1 0 139.567

K+ 0 +1 1/2 +1/2 0 493.7

K- 0 -1 1/2 -1/2 0 493.7

KO 0 +1 1/2 -1/2 0 497.7

KO 0 -1 1/2 +1/2 0 497.7

Notes: The balyons are the particles with baryonic number B i' 0; the mesons have B = O.
5 is strangeness, t the isotopic spin and tz its projection; s is the particle spin and m its mass.
Baryons have positive intrinsic parity; mesons have negative ones.
18 I Chapter 1

5 Spin 0 mesons 5 Spin 1 mesons

o o p

- 1 - 1
K- 1<0 K*- 1<*0

- 1 -1/2 0 1/2 tz - 1 -1/2 0 1/2 tz

5 Spin 1/2 baryons 5 Spin 3/2 baryons

n p /l- flo /l+ /l++

0 0

- 1

-2
::,:0

-3

-1 - 1/2 o 1/2 - 3/, -1 - 1/2 o 112 3/2

Figure 1.2 Strangeness versus tz-component of isospin for the several types ofhadrons.

The most striking fact is that, for the first time, the existence of particles with fractional
charge (a fraction of the electron charge) is admitted. We can in this way construct a
nucleon by composing three quarks (neutron = udd) , and it is natural to attribute to
quarks a baryonic number B = ~. The pions, in turn, are obtained by the conjunction of
a quark and an antiquark, (n + = ud), (no = dd) , (n - = du) , where the properties of the
antiparticle for the quarks are obtained in the conventional way.
To reproduce the other baryons and mesons , the strange quarks have to playa role,
and a hyperon like L;0, for example, has the constitution (L;0 = uds), while a meson has
the constitution (K+ = us) . It is convenient to say at this point that a certain combination
of quarks does not n ecessarily lead to only one particle. In the case of the combination
above, we also have the possibility to build the hyperon (L; *o = uds). The reason for this is