CHAPTER 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMATION 53

PROBLEMS _

Sections 2.3 and 2.4-Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates P(I-4 J ••

3)
f::;,y h-o •..•.l"".:.-;
2.1 The rectangular coordinates at point P are (x = 2, y = 6,;: = -4). R ...." c. ~.::;.( ->v:l.+ ~~ 1>.:
(a) What are its cylindrical coordinates?
(b) What are its spherical coordinates?
4> .: +c:I .....,..-1 ':j I?C- :> i';.::: ~
L4- 01.23...) <.l.a4.o •••. -.3.)
@ Express the following
j

points in cylindrical and spherical coordinates: R~s ~

(a) PCI,-4,-3) , (b) Q(3,0,5) Cc) RC-2, 6, 0) -=- ~ :;lC..l..+ ~2...~i;~

2.3 Express the following points in Cartesian coordinates: e =+G\."""'" fit:.

(a) Pp, 30°, 5) Cc) PpO, rc/4, n/3) t :=. +0.."'- -t '!d /)(....
Cb) Pp, 90°, -3) Cd) P4C4, 30°, 60°) C s ~ 4 ~~ 0 (2. b . 04) ~~

-04
2.4 The cylindrical coordinates of point Q are p = 5, ifJ = 120°, z = I.Express Q as rectangular and spherical
coordinates.
2.5 Given point T( I 0, 60°, 30°) in spherical coordinates, express T in Cartesian and cylindrical
coordinates.
~26
~I
C) If' V
a = xz - xy + yz, express
V' I' dri I d' ~~ fCo.5~..)
m cy m nca coor mates .. -) -.....t _ ~
~
2..
=f "\
S'",cp
(b) IfU=x~+2y~+3;:~,expressUinsphericalcoordinates. - Co ~cp- " S\V\cf~t
. ~~ +f2:$\ n.b
2.7 Convert the following vectors to cylindrical and spherical systems: \).:= 7<..2..-+ 'L z, 7 Z-
.., ~ +~ + \1~+2:z.
(a) F =
xa + ya . + 4a
' .\ , :=... T
'2.
+ '( 'l- $1 Y\'" ~ Si Y\~'#'"
~x?+Y?[+;:' 1 ;::'f'l[I-\S~n;~~:;A.[&
(b) G = (x:"xa
+ y)
J X2 + l + Z2
, +
Jx~ + l +
ya,.
Z2
+
J X2
za -,
+ l + Z2
-1 2...c..., 'L~"
':.J
. V
2.8 Let B = Jx2
+ la, + Ra, + za. Transform B to cylindrical coordinates. (~) J~-~:
C :
@ A = - :.3 Q.-x, 2.. &'d ~
x +y

Given vector A = 2ap +2a~ + 4a" convert A into~artesian

4 ~~
2.10 Express the following vectors in rectangular coordinates:
+
coordinates at point (2, rc/2, -I).
..
A10 e
(
C

"J
.3
.••.
l

Ca) A=psinifJap+pcosifJa~-2za, (b) B=4rcosifJar+rae 1~({;!.2.) 4>..:.1i/...J't....=.1J

2.11 Express vector G = psin ifJ ap - peos ifJ a~ + pa, in rectangular coordinates. --
2.12 Express vector H = cos ear + sin eae in rectangular coordinates.
-oc. =- f C4:, 'f
~Let B = xa .. Express B in (a) cylindrical coordinates, (b) spherical coordinates.
- ". ~
B :::..t> c-, 1- 4
~ -~ rT:'\ .J, I\. (l 1.. -= Y & 'V\. ~ ~d
2.14 Prove the following: \B g ::.. 'r ~ "'-& ~ '1' £1'1- .,; I.:] z: o.:=. (3'i, Z 'r x, e~ c, ~l} ~ et T
(a) a,'ap=cos4J (b) a,'ar=sinecos4J (c) a,'ae=cosesin4J
a, ·a; =-sin4J a, ·ae =cosecos4J a, -a, =cose
a, ·ap = sin4J a, -a, = sinesin4J a, ·ae = -sine

Br .z 1~:~~::.~

~&- =- ~r 9l~::lc9 (;..",cf

~q ~ «.s: •• {;·••1-D~+
-' &J =-0 Is ;:':'{)o~-Y~'Y11..£>t..t/>tr-"
L~:\ c: (
-~·"l.S-~t!)::::'8
) {;.ey
54 PART 1: VECTOR ANALYSIS

2.15 (a) Show that point transformation between cylindrical and spherical coordinates is obtained using

r=
~
"P- + Z,
e = tan -1 P
-,
A.
'I' =
A.
'I'
Z

or

P = r sin e, z = r cos e, <p = <p

.
(b) Show that vector transformation between cylindrical and spherical coordinates is obtained using

or

r
~:1
A.
=[Si~e
cose
cose
o
-sine

(Hint: Make use of Figures 2.5 and 2.6.)

4 7 ~
2.16 Show that the vector fields
A· (3 = ~S,~L.ef+f2.c..'J-f-f
A = p sin </> ap + p cos </> a~ + pa: :. ~2C5.'l-\'l.~ t ~,¥).-eL

1 [~9- vJ Le ~fJ
A .~ z: 0 B = P sin </> ap + p cos </> a~ - pe, - 0

are perpendi~ar to each other at any point. L 2.. 18 t\ l(~ c.,'')'t;

2.17 Given that A = 3a + 2a + a and B = 5a - 8a find: A'j =- ~JV1 ~ l.A-, '" () 0
(a) A+B, p ~ z p z (c) AxB, A I() e» t ei-&.••
(b) A· B, (d) the angle between A and B. A?t- J A~? A ~
@
2.18 Let A = P cos </> ap + pZ2 sin </> a,
(a) Transform A into rectangular coordinates and calculate its magnitude at point (3, -4, 0). - , A I.::. 3
(b) Transform A into spherical system and calculate its magnitude at point (3, -4, 0). I A' c. S
2.19 The transformation (Ap, A~,A,) --., (Ax,Ay,A,) in eg. (2.15) is not complete. Complete it by expressing
cos </> and sin </> in terms of x, y, and z. Do the same thing to the transformation (Ar, Ao' A~ ) --., ( Ax' Ay, A: )
in eq. (2.28).
2.20 In Practice Exercise 2.2, express A in spherical and B in cylindrical coordinates. Evaluate A at (10,
7d2, 37d4) 'and B at (2, 7d6, 1).
2.21 Calculate the distance between the following pairs of points:
(a) (2,1,5) and (6, -1, 2) (c) (10, 7d4, 37d4) and (5, 7d6, 77d4)
(b) (3, 7d2, -1) and (5, 37d2, 5)
2.22 Given points P(lO, 7d4, 0) and Q(4, 7d2, 7d2), find the distance between P and Q.
2.23 Describe the intersection of the following surfaces:
(a) x=2,y=5 (d) p=5, </>=40°
(b) x = 2, y = -1, z = 10 (e) </> = 60°, z = 10
(c) r= 10, e=30° (f) r=5, </>=90°
 CHAPTER 2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMATION ss

»4 Let A = (2z - sin cfJ)ap + (4p + 2 cos cfJ)a~- 3 pza, and B = P cos cfJap + sin cfJa~ + a,
~ (a) Find the minimum angle between A and B at (I, 60°, -I).
(b) Determine a unit vector normal to both A and B at (I, 90°, 0).
2.25 At point T(2, 3, -4), express a, in the spherical system and a in the rectangular system.
H~~ n
-
2.26 GiventhatG=6y2sincfJa,+y2a~,find G·ay at (2,-3, I). ~
'A
at'
Gl.-.:J ::r.
2.27 A vector field in "mixed" coordinate variables is given by ~ ~-z..
4.--4> • V\...,:j

Express G completely in the spherical system.

Section 2.5-Constant-Coordinate Surfaces

2.28 If J = r sin 8cos cfJa, - cos 28 sin cfJao + tan ~ In r a~ at T(2, 7d2, 37d2), determine the vector component
of J that is: 2
(a) Parallel to a, (c) Tangential to the spherical surface r = 2
(b) Normal to surface cfJ= 37d2 (d) Parallel to the line y = -2, z = 0
2.29 If H = p2 cos e», - p sin cfJa~,find H· ax at point P(2, 60°, -1).
2.30 If r = X3, + ya" + za" describe the surface defined by:
(a) r·ax+r·ay=5 (b) Irxa,l=lO

AI; I

--
:::. A, l3
LAt
v e. c..-h--v
/J3 (
~o tt, ~ ~CfJ. d
la)
A -"\
_ _ ~. ty1. q 1) ~ + ~ Pt Loa l' ~ C+-t; 4- 1 Ot

= - q e -t- 4- o; of .: '1Lt z.t(' 41 -+ ~~~~~

zz: l ~ 'J D ~ f i: h" 'Vl C} V D-j T- 4 t -= ~ f rt- ~.

l -\
ap a...;
~ •• Lf;)D
42;)..::; 'tt\f'-t-c..t·_~2:
-l Ib -t1 .-I '1