Answers Physics

Answers to CSEC®
Physics Examination
Practice
Section A
2 a One mark for each pair of correct values. [5]
Time for 1 oscillation (period), T (s) Period squared, T 2 (s2)
1.42 2.01
1.54 2.37
1.68 2.83
1.80 3.24
1.90 3.61
2.01 4.04
b Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.

B – Best-fit line (curved or straight) [1]
L – Labelled axes [1]
A – Axes correct (correct quantities on x-axis and y-axis) [1]
P – Plotting points: 5–6 points correct [3]; 3–4 points correct
[2]; 1–2 points correct [1]
S – Suitable scale for each axis [1]
c Maximum [4] marks.
Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]
y – y
Gradient formula: S = x 2 – x1 [1]
2 1
0.98 m – 0.58 m
Values read correctly, for example: S =
3.90 s2 – 2.30 s2
0.40 m
= [1]
1.60 s2
Correct answer with unit: S = 0.25 m s–2 [1]
d g = 4 π2 × l 2
T
Identifying that l 2 is the slope: g = 4(3.14)2 × slope [1]
T
Substituting correct values: g = 39.4 × 0.25 m s–2 [1]
g = 9.85 m s–2 [1]
e When l = 0.35 m, T 2 = 1.4 s2 [1]
Therefore, T = 1.4 s 2 [1]
T = 1.18 s [1]
f i When the length is shortened the period is also
shortened. [1]
ii The mass of the bob would not affect the period. [1]
The angle of the pendulum will not affect the period. [1]
1
CSEC® Physics Examination Practice © Aldaine Minott 2016
ANSWERS TO CSEC® PHYSICS EXAMINATION PRACTICE
3 a One mark for each correct answer. [6]

Pull force, F (N) Pull length, l (cm) Extension, x (m)
10 31.0 0.218
15 41.9 0.327
20 52.8 0.436
25 63.7 0.545
30 74.6 0.654
35 85.5 0.763

P–P
lotting points: 5–6 points correct [3]; 3–4 points correct
c Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]
y – y1
Gradient formula: S = 2 [1]
x 2 – x1
0.70 m – 0.30 m
Values read correctly, for example: S =
32 N – 13 N
0.40 m
= [1]
19 N
Correct answer with unit: S = 0.021 m N–1 [1]
d k = 1
S
k= 1 [1]
0.021m N –1
k = 47.6 N m–1 [1]
e i When F = 18 N, x = 0.39 m [1]
Ep = 12 kx 2
Ep = 1 × 47.6 × (0.39)2 [1]
2
Ep = 3.62 J [1]
ii Some of the energy transferred is transferred to heat
which warms up the rubber band. The transfer to
thermal energy will lower the potential energy stored in
the stretched rubber. [2]
f The spring constant would increase. [1]
4 a Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.
P–P
2
Section A
b Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]

y – y1
x 2 – x1
Values read correctly, for example: S = 124 ºC – 36 ºC
350 s – 40 s
88 ºC
= [1]
310 s
Correct answer with unit: S = 0.28 °C s–1 or 0.28 K s–1 [1]
c After 60 s, T = 42 °C [1]
= 42 + 273
= 315 K [1]
d c = P × 1
m S
140 W 1
= × [2]
1.3 kg 0.28 K s –1
= 385 J kg–1 K–1 [2]
e i Heat capacity is the thermal energy required to raise the
temperature of a body by one degree Celsius [1] without
a change of state. [1]
EH = cΔT [1]
ii C = mc [1]
iii C = 1.3 kg × 385 J kg –1 K–1 [1]
= 501 J K–1 [1]
Therefore, the metal which is most likely to be the
sample is copper. [1]
f Tick in DOWN box [1]
5 a Completed table [3] (1 mark for each two correct values)
Time (years) Percentage (remaining %) Mass remaining (g)
0 100 10.0
1 900 80 8.0
4 200 60 6.0
7 700 40 4.0
13 500 20 2.0
19 000 10 1.0
24 000 5 0.5

P–P
c Half-life is the time taken [1] for half of the radioactive
nuclei in a material to decay. [1]
3
d 10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
Mass remaining (g)
6.0
1st t½
5.0
4.0
3.0
2nd t½
2.0
3rd t½
1.0
0
0
00
00
00
0
00
50
00
50
00
50
00
25
50
75
10
12
15
17
20
22
25
Time (years)
1st half-life is when remaining mass has decreased to 50% [1]

t 1 = 5700 years [1]
2
2nd half-life, t 1 = 11 250 years – 1st t 1 [1]
2 2
= 11 250 years – 5700 years [1]
= 5550 years [1]
3rd half-life, t 1 = 16 650 years – (1st t 1 + 2nd t 1 ) [1]
2 2 2
= 16 650 years – (5700 years + 5550 years) [1]
= 5400 years [1]
(5700 years + 5550 years + 5400 years)
Average half-life = [1]
3
16 650 years
=
3
= 5550 years [1]
e 1.6 g [2]
f beta decay [1]
4
Section A
P – Plotting points: 5–6 points correct [3]; 3–4 points correct

b i Liquid [1]
ii Liquid and solid [1]
iii Solid [1]
c Dashed line drawn as shown at 53.2 °C; [1] for drawing a
horizontal line; [1] for correct temperature.
65
A
60
55 B C
50 D
45
Temperature, p (˚C)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Time, t (s)
d i The thermal energy required to raise the temperature of

a substance of mass 1 kg by 1 °C. [2]
ii The thermal energy needed to convert 1 kg of a
substance from solid to liquid without a change in
temperature. [2]
e i EH = m × c × ΔT [1]
= 0.04 kg × 2140 J K–1 kg–1 × (53.2 °C – 60 °C) [2]
= –582 J (minus sign shows that energy is lost) [1]
ii EH = 8000 J + 582 J [1]
= 8582 J [1]
f Heat the paraffin wax until it has just melted and no more. [1]
The paraffin wax will begin solidifying almost straightaway
[1], so she would need to work quickly to make the best use
of the wax. [1]
5
7 a Completed table; [2] (one mark for each correct pair)

Angle of incidence, i (°) 20 30 40 50 60
Angle of refraction, r (°) 15 22 28 35 39
Sin i 0.34 0.50 0.64 0.77 0.87
Sin r 0.26 0.37 0.47 0.57 0.63
b i The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the
surface of the interface between the two media all lie in
the same plane. [2]
ii The sine of the angle of incidence divided by the sine of
the angle of refraction is a constant. [2]
c Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.
P–P
d Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]
y – y
Gradient formula: S = x2 – x1 [1]
2 1
Values read correctly: S = 0.81 – 0.27 = 0.54 [1]

0.60 – 0.20 0.40
Correct answer with unit: S = 1.35 [1]
e Refractive index of water [1]
f emergent angle = angle of incidence
∴ i = 60° [1]
sin i
= n [1]
sin r
sin60° = 1.35 from part d) [1]
sin r
sin r = sin 60° [1]
1.35
r = sin–1 (0.64)
= 40° [1]
g The greater the density of the material, the greater its
refractive index. [1]
Therefore, the more the refraction of light through the
material. [1]
8 a When a body is placed in a fluid, the weight of the fluid
displaced is equal to the force upwards (upthrust) on the
body. [2]
b Completed table [5] (one mark for each correct pair)
6
Section A
Weight of solid (N) Weight of water Upthrust (N) Weight solid appears to have in
displaced (N) water (apparent weight) (N)
0.5 0.05 0.05 0.45
1.0 0.12 0.12 0.88
1.5 0.18 0.18 1.32
2.0 0.23 0.23 1.77
2.5 0.30 0.30 2.20
3.0 0.35 0.35 2.65
c Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.

P–P
d Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]
y – y1
x 2 – x1
0.33 N – 0.08 N
Values read correctly; for example: S =
2.8 N – 0.7 N
0.25 N
= [1]
2.1N
Correct answer with unit: S = 0.119 [1]
e %Wloss = slope × 100%
= 0.119 × 100% [1]
= 11.9% [1]
f The percentage weight loss is greater in salt water than
fresh water. [1]
The object would appear to weigh less in salt water than
fresh water. [1]
This is because the upthrust on the body in salt water is
greater than the upthrust on the body in fresh water. [2]
g The density. [1]
P–P
b Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]
y – y1
x2 – x1
7
1750 mA – 500 mA
87.5 mA – 25 mA
1250 mA
= [1]
62.5 mA
Correct answer with unit: S = 20 [1]
c The ratio of secondary current to the primary current in the
transformer. [1]
d Step-down transformer [1]
N I
e p = S [1]
NS Ip
I
From the graph, I S is equal to the gradient = 20 [1]
p
200 = 20
Ns
200 = Ns
20
10 = Ns [1]
f P = IV [1]
I= P
V
I = 24 W [1]
12 V
I = 2 A [1]
g The keyboard is rated at 12 V/30 W, so the maximum current
the keyboard requires to function is given by
P 30 W
I = V = 12 V = 2.5 A. [2]
The adaptor only supplies a maximum of 2 A, therefore
the keyboard power cuts out over 80% maximum volume
because above that point the keyboard demands more
current than the adapter can supply. [1]
Therefore the adaptor is the problem. [1]
h i a.c. voltages can be transformed to higher or lower
voltages. [1]
ii Transferring electrical energy at a higher voltage reduces
the power losses in the transmission lines. [1]
10 a Completed table [3] (one mark for each correct pair)
1 (cm–1) 1 (cm–1)
Object distance, u (cm) Image distance, v (cm)
u v
12.0 44.0 0.083 0.023
15.0 28.0 0.067 0.036
17.0 24.0 0.059 0.042
20.0 19.3 0.050 0.052
25.0 16.3 0.040 0.061
30.0 15.0 0.033 0.067
8
Section B

P–P
c Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]
y – y1
x 2 – x1
0.075cm – 1 – 0.035cm –1
0.029 cm –1 – 0.065cm –1
0.04
= [1]
– 0.036
Correct answer with unit: S = –1.11 [1]
d From graph, c = 0.107 cm–1 [1]
e f = 1 [1]
0.107
f = 9.35 cm [1]
f The focal length is shorter than that of the first lens. [1]
The shorter the focal length, the greater the refraction of
light rays through the lens. [1]
Therefore the second lens bends the light ray more than the
first. [1]
g Thickness/curvature of the lens [1]
h i A: Optical centre [1]
B: Principal axis [1]
C: Principal focus [1]
Section B
2 a i 1 mark for each correct pair
Property of wave Evidence of property
Reflection Echoes
Diffraction Hearing sounds around corner
Refraction Sound travelling from air to water
ii The result of two or more waves of similar frequency

meeting in phase [1] and producing a single wave which
has an amplitude equal to the sum of the amplitudes of
the waves. [1]
The result of two waves of similar frequency meeting out
of phase [1] and cancelling each other out. [1]
iii Correct amplitude of wave [1]
Correct sketch of sinusoidal wave [1]
9
4
Displacement (m)
Position (m)
−4
b i angle of incidence, i = 90° – 38°

= 52° [1]
sin i = n [1]

sin r
sin52 = 1.64
sin r
sin r = sin52 [1]
1.64
r = sin–1 (0.48)
= 28.7° [1]

ii sinθ1 = 1 [1]
n
= 1 [1]
1.64
θ1 = sin–1 (0.61)
= 37.6° [1]
3 a i Triple beam balance [1]; used to measure mass. [1]
ii Zero error [1]; calibrate instrument before use. This
involves adjusting the zero mark on the gauge to
correspond with a true zero reading. [1]
Parallax error [1]; make sure that a line from your eye to
the point you are reading on the scale is perpendicular
with the scale. [1]
b i Diameter (D) = 0.066 m [1]
ii r = D/2 [1]
= 0.066 m/2
= 0.033 m [1]
iii V = 4 πr 3
3
= 4 × 3.14 × 0.0333 [1]
3
= 0.000 15 m3 [1]
= 1.5 × 10–4 m3 [1]
iv Mass = 0.17 kg [1]
v Mass [1]
10
Section B
because it is proportional to radius/diameter cubed.

Therefore, an increase in mass means an increase in
radius/diameter. [1]
4 a i Acceleration: the rate of change of velocity. [1]
Velocity: the rate of change of displacement. [1]
ii a = v – u [1]
t
where a = acceleration, v = final velocity, u = initial
velocity and t = time taken for the change
iii Completed table [3]
Distance–time graph Displacement–time graph Velocity–time graph
Slope/Gradient Speed Velocity Acceleration
b i Drawing slope A [1]

Drawing line B [1]
Horizontal line showing constant maximum speed
(25 m s–1) [1]
Drawing slope C [1]
B
25
Velocity (m s–1)
20
15 A C
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Time (s)
ii Total distance covered = area under graph

= area of triangle A + area of rectangle B + area of
triangle C [1]
1 1
distance = ( × 25 × 25) + (100 × 25) + ( × 10 × 25) [1]
2 2
= 312.5 m + 2500 m + 125 m [1]
= 2937.5 m [1]
iii 6:22 am [1]
5 a i Period [1]
ii 4 m [1]
iii T = 0.4 s [1]
f = 1 [1]
T
= 1 = 2.5 Hz [1]
0.4 s
11
iv To calculate wavelength you need to know the wave

speed. [1]
λ = c [1]
f
v Amplitude values at ±8 [1]
Correct period 0.8 s [1]
Sinusoidal waveform [1]
8
Displacement (m)
0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6

0
Time (s)
−8
b i c = f λ
λ = c [1]
f
3 × 10 8
= [1]
2.4 × 10 9
= 0.125 m [1]
ii Any two (for [1] mark each) from:
• They travel at a constant velocity of 3 × 108 m s–1.
• They are transverse waves.
• They can travel in a vacuum.
6 a i At the boundary between two media, the ratio of the
sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle
of refraction is constant and is called the refractive
index, n. [1]
ii Arrows showing direction of ray from air to glass [1]
Identifying angle of incidence and angle of refraction [1]
Drawing angle of refraction less than angle of incidence [1]
The light rays are refracted towards the normal when
they travel from a less dense to a denser medium, in this
case from air to glass. [1]
This is because the light travels more slowly in the
denser medium. [1]
12
Section B
Incident ray
Air
Normal
i
Angle
of incidence
Refracted ray
r
Angle of refraction
Glass
c1 c
bi = air = n [1]
c2 cglass
3 × 10 8 m s –1
n = [1]
1.97 × 10 8 m s –1
= 1.52 [1]
λ air
ii = n [1]
λ glass
565 nm = 1.52 [1]
λ glass
565 nm
λ glass =
1.52
λglass = 372 nm [1]
iii c = f λ
c
f = [1]
λ
3 × 10 8 m s –1
= [1]
565 nm
= 5.3 × 1014 Hz [1]
7 ai Ray drawn through optical centre [1]

Ray drawn parallel to principal axis to lens and then
passing through focus F [1]
Rays extended to meet [1]
Arrows drawn on rays to show direction [1]
Image drawn at intersection of rays [1]
Object
2F F F 2F
Image
ii Image is real [1]
13
b i The image would be larger [1] and inverted. [1]

ii m = v [1]
u
v = m × u
= 1.5 × 30 cm [1]
= 45 cm [1]
iii f = uv [1]
u+v
30 cm × 45cm
= [1]
30 cm + 45cm
1350 cm 2
=
75cm
= 18 cm [1]
iv Decrease the focal length. [1]
8 a i Completed table of symbols [5] (one mark for each symbol)
Electrical component Symbol
Voltmeter V
Capacitor
Ammeter A
or
Variable resistor
Diode
ii 1) Series: RT = R1 + R2 [1]
2) Parallel: 1 = 1 + 1 [1]
R T R1 R2
b i 1 = 1 + 1
RA R1 R2
R1 R2
RA = [1]
R1 + R2
100 Ω × 250 Ω
= [1]
100 Ω + 250 Ω
25000 Ω
= 350 Ω = 71.4 Ω
RA = 71 Ω [1]
1
ii = 1 + 1
RB R3 R4
R3 R4
RB = [1]
R3 + R4
= 200 Ω × 350 Ω [1]

200 Ω + 350 Ω
70 000 Ω
= = 127.3 Ω
550 Ω
RB = 127 Ω [1]

14
Section B
iii RT = RA + RB
= 71.4 Ω + 127.3 Ω [1] = 198.7 Ω
= 199 Ω [1]
9 a i Conduction is the flow of thermal energy through a
material, without the movement or flow of the material
itself. [1]
ii Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by mass
motion of a fluid away from the source of heat to cooler
areas. [1]
iii Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy by means of
electromagnetic waves. [1]
b i Vacuum [1]
ii The silver walls of glass [1]
iii Lid on top of the flask [1]
iv Trapped air [1]
c i Temp of container after a few minutes = 100 °C – 4 °C =
96 °C [1]
Temp of water in vacuum flask hours later = 75% × 96 °C
= 72 °C [1]
Temp change within flask, ΔT = 96 °C – 72 °C [1]
= 24 °C [1]
ii EH = m × c × ΔT [1]
= 0.5 kg × 4200 J kg–1 K–1 × 24 K [1]
= 50400 J [1]
= 50.4 kJ [1]
10 a i If a body A exerts a force on body B, then body B exerts
an equal and opposite force on body A. [2]
Examples: a ladder leaning on a wall, a rocket taking off,
a book resting on a table, or any other event illustrating
the law. [2]
ii The total momentum before a collision is equal to the
total momentum after the collision in a closed system. [2]
b i p = mv [1]
= 0.16 kg × 15 m s–1 [1]
= 2.4 kg m s–1 [1]
1
ii Loss in Ek = × m × (v2 – u2) [1]
2
1
= × 0.16 kg × (152 – 102) [1]
2
= 10 J [1]
15
iii Fav = mv − mu [1]

t
(0.16 kg × −10 ms−1 − 2.4 kg m s−1)
=
1.2 s
(−1.6 kgms−1 − 2.4 kg ms−1)
= [1]
1.2 s
= –3.33 N [1]
iv The force would decrease. [1]
11 a i The current through a metallic conductor is directly
proportional to the applied potential difference across
its ends if temperature and other conditions are kept
constant. [2]
ii One mark each for sketching graph (max [2]); one mark
for each for correct tick in box (max [2])
1) Filament lamp 2) Metallic conductor (at constant temperature)
Current (A)
Current (A)
Voltage (V) Voltage (V)
Ohmic device Ohmic device
Non-ohmic device Non-ohmic device
b i 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 [1]
RT R1 R2 R3
= 1 + 1 + 1 [1]
15 10 10
= 0.2666666
1
RT = 0.2666666 [1]
= 3.75 Ω [1]
IT = VT/RT

= 9 V/3.75 Ω [1]
= 2.4 A [1]
ii Current would still flow to the two 10 Ω lamps even
though switch opened. [1]
As the lamps are all connected in parallel, the potential
difference would remain the same across them, therefore
the voltage reading would be 9 V. [1]
iii Yes, there would still be a reading because the current
would still be flowing through one of the 10 Ω lamps. [1]
16
Section B
12 a i X – coil/armature [1]
Y – carbon brush [1]
Z – commutator [1]
ii Arrow added. [1]
X
N S
F
Y
Current Z
iii Any two for one mark each (max [2]):

• increase the current in the coil
• increase the number of turns on the spinning coil
• increase the strength of the magnet.
b i E = VQ [1]
= 24 V × 4000 C [1]
= 96 000 J [1]
ii P = E [1]
t
96 000 J
= = 19 200 J s–1 = 19 200 W [1]
5s
P = 19.2 kW [1]
iii When the ignition switch is on, current flows through
the electromagnet where it becomes magnetised. [1]
It attracts the iron bar which rotates about its pivot and
pushes the contacts together. [1]
The current is now available to operate the starter motor,
which will function until the ignition is off. [1]
13 a i Completed table [3] (one mark for each completed row)
Characteristics Primary cell Secondary cell
Internal resistance Larger internal resistance Smaller internal resistance
than secondary cell than primary cell
Chargeability Cannot be recharged Can be recharged over again
Portability Portable Not as portable as primary cells
ii Rectification refers to the process of converting from a.c.

to d.c. [1]
Semiconductor diode [1]
17
iii [1 mark for each graph]

1) Direct current 2) Rectified alternating current
Voltage (V)
Voltage (V)
Time (s)
Time (s)
b i Completed truth table [3] (one mark for each completed

column)
Input Output
A B C D O
0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
ii The alarm should go off when the door opens [1]

or when the door is closed AND the motion detector
goes off [1]
iii NOR gate [1]
Diagram of logic gate [1]
Completed truth table [1]
A B Output
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
14 a i The moment of a force is the product of a force and its

perpendicular distance from the pivot. [1]
With work done, the distance is in the direction of the
force, not perpendicular to it. [1]
ii Punch three holes at different points along the edge of
the lamina. [1]
Suspend the lamina from one of the holes on a clamp and
stand and hang a plumbline in front of the lamina. [1]
Mark two Xs directly behind the plumbline, one at either
end of the lamina. [1]
Remove the lamina and using a ruler draw a line
through the Xs made and repeat the procedure for each
remaining hole. [1]
b i W = m × g = 4 kg × 10 N kg–1 [1]
= 40 N [1]
18
Section B
0.6m
ii
P
F
15 cm
55 N
40 N
iii Clockwise moment = (40 N × 0.3 m) + (55 N × 0.15 m) [1]
= 20.3 N m [1]
Sum of anti-clockwise moments = sum of clockwise
moments [1]
F × 0.6 m = 20.3 N m
= 20.3 N m/0.6 m [1]
= 33.8 N [1]
15 a i The current produced by an a.c. generator constantly
changes direction as the coil turns, resulting in a voltage
with polarity that reverses periodically. This is referred to
as alternating voltage. [2]
ii Any two (for [1] mark each) from:
• use a stronger magnet
• increase the number of turns
• increase rotation speed
• place a soft iron core in the coil.
iii 1) To increase the voltage of electrical energy. [1]
2) To decrease the voltage of electrical energy. [1]
Ns V
b i = s [1]
Np Vp
Ns 24 kV
= [1]
Np 400 kV
= 0.06
N p = 1 [1]
Ns 0.06
= 17 turns [1]
I V
ii p = V s [1]
Is p
I s × Vs
Ip = V
p
12V × 2 A
= [1]
220 V
= 0.11 A [1]
iii P = IV
= 2 A × 12 V [1]
= 24 W [1]
19
16 a i At the boiling point of a liquid, some of the molecules

have sufficient energy to break the bonds that hold
them in the liquid, and escape from the liquid as gas
molecules. [1]
The energy to break the bonds comes from the hot
liquid, reducing the average energy of each molecule
that remains and hence the temperature of the liquid. [1]
To keep the temperature at the boiling point, thermal
energy must be supplied. [1]
ii In a gas the bonds between molecules that there are in
a liquid have been broken. [1] The particles are much
further apart in a gas than in a liquid [1] so the volume
taken up by the same mass of molecules is much greater
in a gas than in a liquid. [1]
iii Latent heat of vaporisation. [1]
b i m = V × ρ [1]
= 3.87 m3 × 1.43 kg m–3 [1]
= 5.53 kg [1]
ii T1 = 25 °C + 273 = 298 K [1]
T2 = 45 °C + 273 = 318 K [1]
P1 P2
= [1]
T1 T2
2.02 × 10 5 Pa × 318 K
P2 = [1]
298 K
= 2.16 × 105 Pa [1]
17 a Description of method for [3] marks:
• Find the mass of the calorimeter mcal.
• Fill the calorimeter with water to get mass m1 and hence
find the mass of the water mw, which is (m1 – mcal).
• Set up the apparatus as shown and record the initial
temperature θ1.
• Switch on the power supply and allow current to flow
until a temperature rise of 10 °C has been achieved.
• Switch off the power supply, stir the water well and
record the highest temperature θ2.
• Record the final joulemeter reading, E.
Use of data for [3] marks:
electrical energy supplied by heating element = energy
absorbed by liquid. [1]
E = mwc(θ2 – θ1) [1]
c= E [1]
mw c (θ 2 − θ1 )
20
Section B
b i Energy gained by water = energy supplied by heater [1]

m × c × ∆T = P × t [1]
m = P [1]
t c × ∆T
9500 W
= [1]
4200 J K kg −1 × (44 °C − 14 °C )
−1
m = 0.075 kg s–1 [1]

t
ii m = 0.075 kg s–1
t
ρV
= 0.075 kg s–1 [1]
t
0.075 kg s−1 × t
V = [1]
ρ
0.075 kg s−1 × 720 s
V = [1]
1000 kg m −3
V = 0.054 m3 [1]
18 a i 1) The melting point/freezing point of naphthalene [1]
2) Latent heat of fusion [1]
ii 1) Evaporation takes place at the surface of the liquid at
any temperature. [1] It occurs when a molecule has
enough energy to break the bonds between it and
other molecules and become a gas. [1]
2) Boiling takes place within the body of the liquid at a
certain temperature. [1] The molecules have enough
energy to break the bonds between them and become
a gas. [1]
b i E = m × Lf
= 0.04 kg × 330 000 J kg–1 [1]
= 13 200 J [1]
ii E = m × c × ΔT [1] + m × Lv [1]
.04 kg × 4200 J kg–1 K–1 × (100 °C – 0 °C) [1] +
= 0
(0.04 kg × 2 250 000 J kg–1) [1]
= 16 800 J + 90 000 J
= 106 800 J [1]
iii The people’s claim was incorrect. (1)
To add ice, the total energy required would be greater
than to raise the temperature of water from room
temperature to 100 °C. (1)
21
19 a i Completed table [4] (one mark for each row)

Derived quantity Units
1 2
Momentum kg m s–1 N s
Force kg m s–2 N
Work N m J
Power W J s–1
Pressure N m–2 Pa
ii Vector quantities are quantities that have both magnitude

and direction. [1]
Example for [1] mark: acceleration, velocity, momentum.
b i R = 80 N – 50 N
= 30 N to the right [1]
Vectors drawn precisely [1]
Carol Carl
50 N 80 N
ii The resultant force is zero. [1]

iii Scale drawing:
Line drawn parallel to direction of Carol’s force [1]
Line drawn parallel to direction of Carl’s force [1]
Resultant drawn as diagonal of parallelogram [1]
Measuring angle resultant makes with direction of Carl’s
force. [1]
Measuring resultant [1] and stating as 125 N [1] at an
angle of 13° to Carl’s force.
Carol 50N
21º
13º
Carl 80 N
20 a Diffraction is the bending of waves [1] around gaps and

edges of obstacles. [1]
b i Circular arcs drawn [1]
Wavelength same as wavelength of incident wave. [1]
22
Section B
Canal
Lock
ii Size of the gap [1]; wavelength of wave. [1]

5400 m × 1000
c i 5400 km/h = [1]
3600 s
= 1500 m s–1 [1]
distance
ii Speed =
time
Distance = speed × time [1]
= 1500 m s–1 × 0.7 s [1]
= 1050 m [1]
The pulse travels to the seabed and the echo travels back
to the boat, so this distance is twice the depth.
1050 m
Therefore, sea depth = = 525 m [1]
2
iii c = λ f
λ = c [1]
f
1500 m s−1
= 37 000 Hz [1]
= 0.04 m [1]
21 a Completed table [3] (one mark for each completed row)
Laboratory thermometer Clinical thermometer

It is used to measure the temperature It is used to measure the
of different objects in factories and temperature of human beings only
laboratories.
Usually it does not have a It has a small constriction near the
constriction mercury bulb
OR OR
It has to remain in the source for the Temperature can be read after
temperature to be read. removing the thermometer
It has temperature range from –10 °C It has a temperature range from
to 110 °C. 35 ºC to 42 ºC
b Solar water heating systems use solar panels, called

collectors, fitted to the roof. They are painted black and
absorb energy from the Sun’s rays. [1]
The energy is absorbed by copper tubes within the panel
through which water is passed. [1]
23
The energy is readily conducted through the copper tubes

and warms the water inside. [1]
The water is then stored in an insulated storage tank. [1]
c i Energy absorbed = P × t [1]
= 3 m2 × 700 W × (2 × 60 × 60) s [2]
= 1.5 × 107 J [1]
ii The total amount of energy used to heat the
water = 60% × 1.5 × 107 J [1]
= 9 MJ [1]
iii Corrosion in the connection between the panels, or any
other problem such as a loose connection, [1] would
cause significant voltage drop across the circuit. [1]
22 a i Rub the balloons with a dry cloth. [1]
ii They would move away from each other [1] because
they have the same charge and like charges repel (push
apart). [1]
b Completed diagrams.
Single negative charge Single positive charge Two like charges
Arrows pointing out. [1]

Arrows pointing in. [1]
Arrows pointing out on both charges. [1]

Direction of arrows shows repulsive force. [1]
c i V = E [1]
Q
36 J
= [1]
3C
= 12 V [1]
ii E = VIt [1]
= 12 V × 0.09 A × 15 s [1]
= 16.2 J [1]
iii Walking across nylon carpets would easily produce static
electricity. [1]
When electric charge is discharged from a person it can
damage the delicate components on the motherboard. [1]
23 a i P = F OR pressure = force [1]
A area
ii Footwear A would be more suitable. [1]
Footwear A has a larger surface area so less pressure
would be exerted on the sand in comparison to
footwear B. [1]
24
Section B
b Diagram for [2] marks:

• at least 3 holes drawn [1]
• water shown spurting out with different horizontal
displacement [1]
Explanation for [2] marks:
• Get a tall container and punch three holes at equal
intervals vertically. Then fill the container with water. [1]
• The hole with the greatest depth will spray water the
furthest from the container, while the hole with the least
depth will spray water the nearest. [1]
Water
Container
Basin or sink
c i A = πr2 [1]
2
 0.44 m 
= 3.14 ×  2  [1]
 
= 2
0.151976 m [1]
P= F [1]
A
1.58 × 106 N
= [1]
0.151976 m 2
= 1.04 × 107 Pa [1]
ii P = ρgh [1]
h= P
ρg
1.04 × 10 7 Pa
= [1]
1025 kg m –3 × 10 N kg –1
= 1014 m [1]
24 a i Completed table: [1] for correct information about

charges for both beta and gamma; [1] for each statement
about penetrating power; [1] for both nature of alpha
particle and effect of magnetic field on gamma.
25
Nature of radiation Electrical charge Penetrating power Effect of magnetic fields

Alpha α Helium nucleus, He 4
2
Positively charged Can travel only a few Deflects the alpha particle
centimetres in air and is
blocked by sheets of paper
Beta β Electron, –01 e Negatively Can travel a few metres Deflects the beta particle
charged in air and is blocked by in the opposite direction to
aluminium foil an alpha particle
Gamma γ High-energy photons No charge Travel a long distance in air and No effect
is reduced by many mm of lead
ii The random disintegration of the nucleus of an unstable

atom [1] with emission of radiation. [1]
Radioactive decay is not affected by factors outside the
nucleus, such as temperature, pressure, etc. [1]
b i Half-life is 1250 years, so 5000 years is 5000
1250
= 4 half-lives. [1]
ii Percentage of radioactive nuclei remaining
= 14 × 100%
2
= 1 × 100% [1]
16
= 6.25% [1]
c i 223
90 Th → –10 e + 223
91 Ra
0
[1] for –1 e; [1] for mass number and atomic number of
223
91 Ra; [1] for symbol Ra.
ii N = A – Z [1]
= 223 – 91 = 132 [1]
25 a i All living things take in carbon from the environment
and therefore in a living organism the proportion of
carbon-14 is the same as the proportion of carbon-14 in
the environment. [1]
When a living thing dies, it stops taking in carbon from
its environment and the amount of carbon-14 in it will
start to decrease. [1]
The further back in time that something died, the less
carbon-14 will be present in it today. [1]
Carbon dating is the method of finding the age of
archaeological specimens that were once living by
measuring the proportion of carbon-14 that remains. [1]
iii ΔE = Δmc2 [1]
Δm is the mass defect and ΔE is the energy released. [1]
c is the speed of light. [1]
b i 235
92 U + 01 n → 140
56 Ba + 93
6 Kr + 3 01 n + energy [1]
ii Mass of reactants in u:
235
92 U + 01 n = 235.118 + 1.009 = 236.127 u [1]
26
School-Based Assessment Moderation
Mass of products in u:
140 93
56 Ba + 36 Kr + 01 n = 139.911 + 92.931 + (3 × 1.009)
= 235.869 u [1]
Δm = 236.127 – 235.869 = 0.258 u [1]
In kg, Δm = 0.258 u × 1.66 × 10–27 kg u–1 [1]
= 4.2828 × 10–28 kg [1]
ΔE = Δmc2
= 4.2828 × 10–28 kg × (3.0 × 108 m s–1)2 [1]
= 3.85 × 10–11 J [1]
Multiple choice items

Item Answer Item Answer Item Answer Item Answer
1 A 16 B 31 B 46 B
2 A 17 A 32 C 47 B
3 C 18 A 33 A 48 C
4 D 19 B 34 D 49 A
5 C 20 A 35 C 50 D
6 C 21 C 36 C 51 D
7 D 22 D 37 C 52 A
8 B 23 B 38 C 53 C
9 B 24 C 39 D 54 D
10 C 25 C 40 B 55 B
11 D 26 D 41 A 56 A
12 A 27 D 42 D 57 B
13 B 28 C 43 D 58 C
14 C 29 D 44 A 59 C
15 D 30 C 45 C 60 B
27
School-Based Assessment
Moderation
Purpose:
1 To justify
✓ that labs were done and assessed by teachers
✓ that the teacher’s marks are fair and is a true reflection of
candidates’ work/ability.
2 To ensure
✓ standards set by CXC are understood and implemented.
3 To assist
✓ teachers in the implementation of the up-to-date curriculum.
Procedure:
1 Moderator should:
✓ make contact with school through the Principal or HOD when
assigned to centre
✓ make arrangements with teacher on date and time for moderation
exercise
✓ meet the Principal, HOD and Teacher on the day.
2 Teacher should:
✓ determine the lab practical to be done by students on the day of
moderation and make copies of lab practical
✓ determine the skills to be assessed during the practical (the skills
MUST be MM and one other)
✓ ensure that mark scheme for assessed labs and all fifth and fourth
form lab books are available on the day
✓ complete moderation form for five candidates selected by ORS.
Responsibility:
1 School should ensure:
✓ that all lab practical books are available
✓ candidates from fifth form cohort are available for practical
activity
✓ that all mark schemes are available
✓ that practicals for CXC assessment are properly identified
✓ that teacher or designate be present on day of moderation
28
Responsibility:
✓ that a sheet with all the registered candidates generated by ORS

be available
✓ moderation feedback and report forms be signed off to finalise the
moderation process.
(NB. MODERATION IS NOT COMPLETE IF THIS IS NOT DONE)
2 Moderator should:
✓ remark the five lab sample books during the lab practical
✓ complete SBA Moderation sheet with teachers scores
✓ discuss with teacher findings and rationale for marks awarded to
moderated samples and make recommendations if necessary
✓ give principal feedback on the overall moderation.
3 Teacher should:
✓ try to be available for the entire proceeding to maintain clarity
and understanding and able to point out any discrepancies
✓ be open to any advice given by moderator and make the necessary
adjustments for future betterment.
29

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Answers to CSEC®

b Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.

3 a One mark for each correct answer. [6]

b Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.

b Large triangle drawn to identify co-ordinates. [1]

b Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.

1st half-life is when remaining mass has decreased to 50% [1]

P – Plotting points: 5–6 points correct [3]; 3–4 points correct

d i The thermal energy required to raise the temperature of

7 a Completed table; [2] (one mark for each correct pair)

Values read correctly: S = 0.81 – 0.27 = 0.54 [1]

c Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.

12.0 44.0 0.083 0.023

15.0 28.0 0.067 0.036

17.0 24.0 0.059 0.042

20.0 19.3 0.050 0.052

25.0 16.3 0.040 0.061

30.0 15.0 0.033 0.067

b Graph plotted for a maximum of [7] marks.

ii The result of two or more waves of similar frequency

b i angle of incidence, i = 90° – 38°

because it is proportional to radius/diameter cubed.

b i Drawing slope A [1]

ii Total distance covered = area under graph

iv To calculate wavelength you need to know the wave

0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6

7 ai Ray drawn through optical centre [1]

ii Image is real [1]

b i The image would be larger [1] and inverted. [1]

= 200 Ω × 350 Ω [1]

iii Fav = mv − mu [1]

Voltage (V) Voltage (V)

Ohmic device Ohmic device

Non-ohmic device Non-ohmic device

iii Any two for one mark each (max [2]):

ii Rectification refers to the process of converting from a.c.

iii [1 mark for each graph]

b i Completed truth table [3] (one mark for each completed

ii The alarm should go off when the door opens [1]

14 a i The moment of a force is the product of a force and its

16 a i At the boiling point of a liquid, some of the molecules

b i Energy gained by water = energy supplied by heater [1]

m = 0.075 kg s–1 [1]

19 a i Completed table [4] (one mark for each row)

ii Vector quantities are quantities that have both magnitude

ii The resultant force is zero. [1]

20 a Diffraction is the bending of waves [1] around gaps and

ii Size of the gap [1]; wavelength of wave. [1]

Laboratory thermometer Clinical thermometer

b Solar water heating systems use solar panels, called

The energy is readily conducted through the copper tubes

Arrows pointing out. [1]

Arrows pointing out on both charges. [1]

b Diagram for [2] marks:

24 a i Completed table: [1] for correct information about

Nature of radiation Electrical charge Penetrating power Effect of magnetic fields

ii The random disintegration of the nucleus of an unstable

Multiple choice items

✓ that a sheet with all the registered candidates generated by ORS

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