NURSING QUIZ

A REVIEW OF HEMATOLOGIC SYSTEM

(30 points)

Specific Instructions:

1. In one to two paragraphs, explain the relevance of Hematologic System to Respiratory

System and Cardiovascular System, in the process of OXYGENATION (10 points)

Here, the cardiovascular system consists of the heart and the arteries and veins that convey
blood throughout the body. It carries oxygen from the air we breathe to cells throughout the
body. The pumping of the heart drives this blood flow through the arteries, capillaries, and
veins. One set of blood vessels circulates blood through the lungs for gas exchange. The other
vessels fuel the rest of the body. Again, the heart pumps oxygenated blood out of the left
ventricle and into the aorta to begin systemic circulation. After the blood has supplied cells
throughout the body with oxygen and nutrients, it returns deoxygenated blood to the right
atrium of the heart. The deoxygenated blood shoots down from the right atrium to the right
ventricle. The heart then pumps it out of the right ventricle and into the pulmonary arteries
to begin pulmonary circulation. The blood moves to the lungs, exchanges carbon dioxide for
oxygen, and returns to the left atrium. The oxygenated blood shoots from the left atrium to
the left ventricle below, to begin systemic circulation again.

More so, the cardiovascular and respiratory systems work together to sustain the body with
oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide. Pulmonary circulation facilitates the process of
external respiration; deoxygenated blood flows into the lungs. It absorbs oxygen from tiny air
sacs (the alveoli) and releases carbon dioxide to be exhaled. Systemic circulation facilitates
internal respiration; oxygenated blood flows into capillaries through the rest of the body. The
blood diffuses oxygen into cells and absorbs carbon dioxide.

2. Describe and identify the functions of each blood component (5 points each):

Blood Component Description Functions

PLASMA - Plasma is the - The main job of

liquid component the plasma is to
of blood and it is a transport blood
mixture of water, cells throughout
sugar, fat, protein, your body along
and salts. with nutrients,
waste products,
antibodies, clotting
proteins, chemical
messengers such
as hormones, and
proteins that help
maintain the
body's fluid
balance.
FORMED ELEMENTS:
1. RED BLOOD CELLS - Red cells contain a
 Hemoglobin - The red blood cells special protein
(also called called hemoglobin,
erythrocytes or which helps carry
RBC’s) are known oxygen from the
for their bright red lungs to the rest of
colour, red cells the body and then
 returns carbon
are the most dioxide from the
abundant cell in body to the lungs
the blood, so it can be
accounting for exhaled. Blood
about 40 to 45% of appears red
its volume. The because of the
shape of a red large number of
blood cell is a red blood cells,
biconcave disk which get their
with a flattened colour from the
center, in other hemoglobin. The
words, both faces percentage of
of the disc have whole blood
shallow bowl-like volume that is
indentations (a red made up of red
blood cell looks blood cells is called
like a donut) the hematocrit
and is a common
measure of red
blood cell levels.

2. WHITE BLOOD CELLS

- White blood cells

- White Blood Cells
protect the body
(also called
from infection
leukocytes or
(that is they serve
WBC) are part of
as a defense
the body’s
against all
immune system
pathogens in
and the WBC in
human body).
the cells comprises
recognizable
granule-like
structures. Types
of white blood
cells are
granulocytes
(neutrophils,
eosinophils, and
basophils),
monocytes, and
lymphocytes (T
cells and B cells).
They are much
fewer in number
than red blood
cells, accounting
for about 1% of
the blood and they
3. PLATELETS
are colourless,
since these lack
haemoglobin. - Platelets help the
blood clotting
process (or
- Platelets (also coagulation) by
called gathering at the
thrombocytes) are site of an injury,
irregular, disc- sticking to the
lining of the
shaped element in injured blood
the blood that vessel, and
assists in blood forming a platform
clotting. on which blood
coagulation can
occur.