Magnetic Field

Biot-Savart Law
LECTURE 1
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Magnetic Field
Oersted’s Experiment
Danish scientist Hans Christian Oersted observed
Direction of Magnetic Field near a Current carrying wire
Magnetic Field due to a Current wire

Based on experimental results, Biot and Savart arrived at

: Current element

i
Magnetic Field due to a Current wire

Based on experimental results, Biot and Savart arrived at

θ : angle between &

Magnetic Field due to a Current wire

Based on experimental results, Biot and Savart arrived at

i
Magnetic Field due to a Current wire

Based on experimental results, Biot and Savart arrived at

θ μ0: Magnetic permeability

of vacuum or free space

measure of ability of the material

to allow magnetic field through it.
i
Magnetic Field due to a Current wire

Based on experimental results, Biot and Savart arrived at

θ
: Current element

:Position vector of point P

where magnetic field is to
be calculated (with
i
respect to current
element)
μ0: Magnetic permeability of
vacuum or free space
Magnetic Field due to a Current wire

i P

θ Another form
Magnetic Field due to a Current wire

or

i P

1 weber(unit of ΦB) = 1 T - m2
Example A wire carries a steady current of 50 A as shown.
Find the magnetic field caused by a 1 cm segment of this wire
at a point P1 which is 1 m away

A. 30 nT, In B. 50 nT, Out

C. 30 nT, Out D. 50 nT, In

P1
i
 A wire carries a steady current of 50 A as shown. Find the
Example
magnetic field caused by a 1 cm segment of this wire at a point
P2 which is 1 m away

A. 30 nT, In B. 50 nT, Out P2

C. 30 nT, Out D. 50 nT, In

37o

i
Direction of Magnetic Field near a Current carrying wire

Magnetic Field Lines are concentric circles around a Straight wire.

Direction given by Right Hand Thumb Rule.
Direction of Magnetic Field near a Current carrying wire
Direction of Magnetic Field near a Current carrying wire

i
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

P
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

P
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

P
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

β
i

α
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

ፀ1 P
r
ፀ2
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

Special Case: Infinite Straight wire

∞

β
i

r P

∞
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

Special Case: Infinite Straight wire

∞

i
B
r P

r
∞
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

Special Case: Infinite Straight wire

∞

∞
Magnetic Field due to a Current carrying Straight wire

Special Case: Infinite Straight wire

r P
Example Find direction & magnitude of Magnetic Field

A. B. C. D.

r P

∞
Example Find direction & magnitude of Magnetic Field

A. B. C. Left D. Right

∞
r

P
 An infinite wire carries a steady current of 10 A as shown. Find the
Example
magnetic field caused by it at a point P which is 10cm away

A. 15 μT, In B. 20 μT, Out C. 15 μT, Out D. 20 μT, In

I = 10A
10cm P

∞
Example A finite current carrying wire is in the shape as shown is the figure.
The magnetic field at point P which is at L from wire will be:

A. B.

45o
C. D.

L
Example A semi-infinite current carrying wire is in the shape as shown is the
figure. The magnetic field at point P which is at L from wire will be:

A. B.
45o
C. D.

∞
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