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Formative Practice 13.2
( Profile
CHAPTER 13 HOMEOSTASIS AND THE
HUMAN URINARY SYSTEM
Formative Practice 13.1
1 Homeostasis is the regulation of the physical and
chemical factors of the internal environment within a
normal range so that cells can function optimally.
The mechanism of homeostasis occurs by negative
feedback:
• A values that exceeds the normal range is
reduced back to normal.
• A value that drops below the normal range is
raised back to normal.
Formative Practice 13.3
2 Mechanism of homeostasis:
• Vasodilation occurs
• Sweat glands secrete sweat
• Erector muscles relax – body hairs are lowered
• Skeletal muscles contract and relax lesser. Body
does not shiver.
Summative Practice 13
• The adrenal and thyroid glands are less
stimulated – metabolism rate is lowered
3 Excess glucose is not converted into glycogen. The
glucose level in the blood rises (hyperglycaemia)
and glucose is excreted through the urine
(glycosuria). In this condition, the individual is
considered as having diabetes mellitus. A diabetic
patient is constantly feeling thirsty, exhausted
and lethargic and experiences weight loss. If left
untreated, it may lead to death.
4 • Blood pressure rises. The baroreceptor on the
aortic arch and arterial carotid are stimulated.
• The cardiovascular control centre in the medulla
oblongata is stimulated.
• The smooth muscles of the artery wall relax
(vasodilation), hence reducing resistance to
blood flow in the blood vessels.
• The cardiac muscles contract weakly.
• Blood pressure returns to normal.
1 The proximal convoluted tubules and distal
convoluted tubules are found in the cortex, whereas
the loop of Henle is found in the medulla.
2 Eating salty foods and drinking less water
3 Water is reabsorbed through osmosis. The
reabsorption of sodium ions and glucose occurs
through active transport.
4 The individual does not need undergo
haemodialysis. The individual only needs to reduce
food rich in protein and salt as well drink enough
water.
1 Kidney stones may block the ureter and reduce the
production of urine.
2 Not drinking enough water and excessive intake of
mineral salts such as calcium
1 The loop of Henle can be found in the kidney
medulla.
2 (a) Diluted urine in large amounts
(b) Concentrated urine in small amounts
3 Benedict’s tests
4 The liver slows down cellular respiration, converts
glycogen to glucose and prevents the conversion of
glucose to glycogen.
5 (a) The amino acid concentration in blood
plasma is higher than that found in the urine.
Reabsorption occurs. 100% of the amino
acids are reabsorbed into the blood capillaries
through active transport at the proximal
convoluted tubule.
(b) The kidney failed to function as
osmoregulatory organ. The water content in
the body cannot be regulated.

Biology Form 4 1

DLP_Biology F4_Answers_Chap 13_2PP.indd 1 10/31/19 5:46 PM

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