Introduction to Medical

Chemistry
BMC II
2022.
 BMC Course coordinator

Dr. Beata Lontay

Associate Professor
Department of Medical Chemistry
Location: Life Science Building
3rd floor, Rm#3.303
Contact: bmc@med.unideb.hu
Office hours: Monday 9-9:40 AM
Join Zoom Meeting
https://zoom.us/j/95416086262?pwd=OHo5V0xkeVROdUNTRW5MNDV3YnhWUT09
Meeting ID: 954 1608 6262
Passcode: 117354
 Introduction to Medical Chemistry-Academic
advisor

Dr. Krisztina Tar

Assistant Professor
Department of Medical Chemistry
Location: Life Science Building
3rd floor, Rm#3.502
Contact: bmcchem@med.unideb.hu
Office hours: Tuesday 1-2 pm
Join Zoom Meeting
https://zoom.us/j/99433511440?pwd=TXRnK1ZicmFDeWVuTHFZSGZjcXhHQT09
Meeting ID: 994 3351 1440
Passcode: 869408
TEXTBOOKS

ORGANIC GHEMISTRY FOR

MEDICAL STUDENTS

by
Ferenc Erdődi

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY

UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
DEBRECEN
 INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL CHEMISTRY
Basic Medical Course II. 2022
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar Lecture Seminar

8-9 BMC BMC

Gr. 2 Gr. 1
T Building T Building
SR #1 SR #1
9-10

10-11 BMC BMC BMC BMC

Lecture Gr. 1 Gr. 3 Lecture
LSB F003- T Building T Building T-building
004 SR #1 SR #1 Lecture hall
11-12

12-13 BMC BMC BMC

Gr. 4 Gr. 3 Gr. 2
T Building T Building T Building
SR #1 SR #1 SR #1
13-14

14-15 BMC
Gr. 4
T Building
SR #1
15-16

16-17
 Schedule of control tests in 2021.

Chemistry
week day hour
1st 4 2/4/2022 4PM
2nd 8 3/4/2022 4PM
3rd 12 4/1/2022 4PM
4th 16 4/29/2022 4PM
5th 20 5/27/2022 4PM
6th 23 6/15/2022

 you need: ID, a dark pen, a simple calculator

usage of electronic devices, textbooks and any form of interaction between students during
the tests are strictly forbidden
 Electronic devices (cell phones, tablets, etc.), except for approved simple calculators, must
not be within the reach of students.
Violation of these above mentioned regulations results in an immediate and unconditional
dismissal from the program
Students shall agree to submit themselves to an inspection prior to the test regarding
unauthorized items carried along
Attendance at lectures and seminars

 Students must attend the classes with their own group

 Lectures: strongly recommended
 Seminars: compulsory and recorded (per semester)

 0-6 missed seminars per semester: no penalty

 7-8 missed seminars per semester: no exemption of FE
 9 or more missed seminars per semester: dismissed from the class
 How do we test your knowledge?

SCT1
Self control test (SCT): 6 from each subject
Final
Final Exam (FE): A, B, C chances (C: written and oral) exam
 What is chemistry?
• Chemistry is the study of chemicals; how
properties depend on composition. What are
substances and how they change.
• El Khemid - the transformation. Chemistry is
about changing substances into others.
• The study of composition, properties and
transformation.
 Chemistry: The Central Science
Chemistry is often referred to as “the central
science” because it is essential to nearly all
other sciences.

Learning Objective: Identify properties of matter and

differentiate between chemical and physical changes.
Chemistry: The Central Science
 What did early chemists
do?
• Identify, classify, describe;
• Apply scientific method.
 Apply scientific method.
• Observation vs interpretation
• Observation - with statement of certainty is a fact
• Laws - generalized observations
• Hypothesis to explain observations - predictions
• Experiment - Test hypothesis
• Theory - tested hypothesis
• Model- Combination of theories that form a general explanation of
wide variety of phenomenon
 Scientific method
Scientific Method
The scientific method
is a set of general
principles that helps
to describe how
scientists think.

Students make observations

in the chemistry laboratory.
 Scientific method
The scientific method involves
• observations, facts obtained by observing
and measuring events in nature.
• a hypothesis, a statement that explains
the observations.
• experiments, procedures that test the
hypothesis.
• a theory, a model that describes how
observations occur using experimental
results.
Summary of the Scientific Method
 Everyday Scientific Thinking
Observation: Yesterday you went to visit your
friend. Soon after you arrived, your eyes began
to itch and you started to sneeze. You
observed that your friend has a new cat.
 Everyday Scientific Thinking
Hypothesis 1: Perhaps you are allergic to cats.
Experiment 1: To test your hypothesis, you leave
your friend’s home.
• If the itching and sneezing stop, perhaps your
hypothesis is correct.
• If the itching and sneezing do not stop,
perhaps you have a cold.
 Everyday Scientific Thinking
Observation: Upon leaving your friend’s
home, the itching and sneezing stop.
• The observation supports your original
hypothesis. To confirm, you visit another
friend with a cat.
 Everyday Scientific Thinking
Experiment 2: Visiting a second friend with a cat
causes your eyes to itch and you begin to
sneeze again, further supporting your hypothesis.
Theory: The experimental results indicate that
indeed you are allergic to cats.
 Chemistry: The Central Science
• Chemistry: The study of the nature, properties, and
transformations of matter

• Matter: The physical material that makes up the

universe; anything that has mass and occupies
space (things you can see, touch, taste, or smell)
Matter
 How do we describe matter?
• Matter occupies space and has weight.
(Actually Mass, weight is the affect of gravity on
mass).
• Matter exists in three physical states.
o Solid
o Liquid
o Gas
o (plasma)
 States of Matter
The three forms of matter are:

• Solid: A substance that has a definite

shape and volume

• Liquid: A substance that has a

definite volume but assumes the
shape of its container

• Gas: A substance that has neither a

definite volume nor a definite shape
 States of Matter
Many substances can exist in all three phases, and
participate in changes of state.
Composition of matter
 Element
• consists of only one kind of atom

•cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by

either physical or chemical means

•can exist as either atoms (e.g. argon) or molecules (e.g.,

nitrogen).
 Element
Elements
• are pure substances
from which all other
things are built.
• cannot be broken
down into simpler
substances.
• are listed on the inside
front cover of this text.
Certain elements were missing from this scheme.
Example: In 1871, Mendeleev noted that As properly belonged
underneath P and not Si, which left a missing element underneath Si.
He predicted a number of properties for this element. In 1886 Ge was
discovered. The properties of Ge match Mendeleev’s predictions
well.

Gallium Germanium
 Chemical Symbols
Chemical symbols
• represent the names of the
elements.
• consist of one to two letters
and start with a capital letter.

One-Letter Symbols Two-Letter Symbols

C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Al aluminum
O oxygen Mg magnesium
 Chemistry and the
Elements

© 2012
Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.
1/32
 Elements and the Periodic
Table
Periods: 7 horizontal rows

Groups: 18 vertical columns

• International standard: 1–18
• US system: 1A–8A, 1B–8B

© 2012
Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.
1/33
 Elements and the Periodic
Table
Main Groups
• columns 1A–2A (2 groups)
• columns 3A–8A (6 groups)

Transition Metals: 3B–2B (8 groups, 10 columns)

Inner Transition Metals: 14 groups between 3B and 4B

• lanthanides
• actinides

© 2012
Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.
1/34
 Molecules

A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or

different elements, that are chemically bound together. Note that the
two nitrogen atoms which comprise a nitrogen molecule move as a
unit.
 Chemistry: The Central Science
Physical change: A change
that does not affect the
chemical makeup of a
substance or object

Chemical change: A change

in the chemical makeup of
a substance
 Properties of matter

• Physical properties: characteristics of a material

which may be determined without altering the
composition of the material; bp (boiling point),
mp, color, density etc., no change in the
chemical identity occurs.

•Chemical properties: characteristics of a material which

involves altering the composition of the material, the ability
to form new substances by decomposition or reactions with
other substances. A rearrangement of the atoms.
Some Chemical Properties of the Elements

Physical Properties: Characteristics that do not

involve a change in a sample’s chemical makeup

Chemical Properties: Characteristics that do involve

a change in a sample’s chemical makeup

Chapte
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. r 1/39
Chemical changes
Chemical Reactions: Examples of
Chemical Change
Chemists represent chemical changes using
a symbolic shorthand notation called a
chemical reaction.
Learning Objective: Identify a chemical change as a
chemical reaction.
Chemical Reactions: Examples of
Chemical Change
Chemical reaction: A process in which the identity and
composition of one or more substances are changed
Reactant: A starting substance that undergoes change
during a chemical reaction
Product: A substance formed as the result of a chemical
reaction
Chemical Reactions: Examples of
Chemical Change
Water can be chemically changed by passing an
electric current through it to produce hydrogen and
oxygen.
Chemical Reactions: Examples of
Chemical Change

• The reactant (water) is written on the left.

• The products (hydrogen and oxygen) are written on the right.
• An arrow connects the two parts to indicate a chemical reaction. The conditions
necessary are written above and below the arrow.