PIPELINE ANCHOR FORCE CALCULATIONS

52" 52" 42"

Pipeline Description 16" Jet A1
DF 0.5 DF 0.4 DF 0.5
Design Pressure, MPa P 4.90 6.35 6.35 6.35
Outside Diameter, mm D 406.4 1321 1321 1067
Design Wall Thickness (0.72
t 7.9 20.5 25.2 16.9
Design Factor), mm
Design Wall Thickness (0.5
t' 7.9 20.5 20.5 16.9
Design Factor), mm
Installation (backfill)
T1 21 13 13 13
Temperature, °C
Design Temperature(U/G),°C T2 84 65 65 65
Specified Minimum Yield
S 415.1 450 450 450
Strength, MPa
Design Factor F 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5

Steel Modulus of Elasticity, MPa E 207000 207000 207000 207000

Steel Coefficient of Thermal

α 0.0000117 0.0000117 0.0000117 0.0000117
Expansion, per °C
Steel Poisson's ratio ν 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Wall Thickness - 0.72 Design Factor

Internal Diameter, mm d 390.60 1280.00 1270.60 1033.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Internal Area, mm² Ai 119827 1286796 1267966 838414 0 0 0 0 0

Metal Cross Section Area, mm² As 9890 83756 102586 55753 0 0 0 0 0

Hoop Stress, MPa Sh 126.04 204.59 166.44 200.46 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Pressure Load, N Pl 587152 8171157 8051584 5323931 0 0 0 0 0
Poisson Effect Load, N Pel 373955 5140768 5122190 3352818 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Thermal Load, N Tl 1509044 10548085 12919566 7021450 0 0 0 0 0
Anchor Force or Total Expansion
Tel 1722241 13578474 15848960 8992563 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Load, N

Wall Thickness - 0.5 Design Factor

Internal Diameter, mm d' 390.60 1280.00 1280.00 1033.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Internal Area, mm² Ai' 119827 1286796 1286796 838414 0 0 0 0 0

Metal Cross Section Area, mm² As' 9890 83756 83756 55753 0 0 0 0 0

Hoop Stress, MPa Sh' 126.04 204.59 204.59 200.46 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Pressure Load, N Pl' 587152 8171157 8171157 5323931 0 0 0 0 0
Poisson Effect Load, N Pel' 373955 5140768 5140768 3352818 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Thermal Load, N Tl' 1509044 10548085 10548085 7021450 0 0 0 0 0
Anchor Force or Total Expansion
Tel' 1722241 13578474 13578474 8992563 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Load, N

Pipeline Anchor Force, N (Max.

1722241 13578474 15848960 8992563 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
of Tel & Tel')

Pipeline Anchor Force, Tonnes 176 1385 1617 917 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!