Performance Analysis in AWGN

Isolated Pulse Passband Case

Performance of PAM Receivers

Govind Sharma

Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

Passband one shot receiver

t=0
r (t) u(f ) × h̃∗ (−t) â
r̃ (t) y (t) Eh−1
Slicer
√
2e −j2πfc t

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

Passband 4-QAM Constellation

Input to the slicer is

Im{a}
z = a+N
N ∼ CN (0, N0 /Eh )
Re{N} ∼ N (0, N0 /2Eh )
Re{a} Im{N} ∼ N (0, N0 /2Eh )

Probability of correct decision given

that the symbol in third quadrant was sent is
2
−d d d
  
P correct decision| −j = 1 − Q( )
2 2 2σ

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

Passband 4-QAM Constellation

d2
Ea = 2
σ2 = N0
2Eh
P[symbol error] = 1 − P[correct decision]
d
= 2Q( 2σ ) − Q 2 ( 2σ
d
)
q  q 
Es 2 Es
= 2Q N0 −Q N0
q 
Es
≈ 2Q N0
d
= Nav Q( 2σ )

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

M-QAM Square Constellation

In M-point constellation √
we have 4-corner points,√4( M − 2)
Im{a}
edge points, and M − 4( M − 1)
interior points. Probability
of correct decision can be written easily.
Re{a}
2
d
 
Pcorner [correct] = 1 − Q( )
2σ
2
d

Pinner [correct] = 1 − 2Q( )
2σ
d
 
Pedge [correct] = 1 − 2Q( )
2σ
d
 
× 1 − Q( )
2σ

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

M-QAM Square Constellation

Let xi denote x-coordinates (and y-coordinates) of constellation

points, then
√ √
MX M
1 X
Ea = (x 2 + xk2 )
M i=1 k=1 i
√ √
M√ M√
1 X 1 X
= Mxi2 + Mxk2
M i=1 M k=1
√
= 2Ea ( M − point ASK )
M −1 2
= d
6

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

M-QAM Square Constellation

s !
1 3Es
P[symbol error] = 4(1 − √ )Q
M (M − 1)N0
s !
1 3Es
− 4(1 − √ )2 Q 2
M (M − 1)N0
s !
1 3Es
≈ 4(1 − √ )Q
M (M − 1)N0
d
= Nav Q( )
2σ

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

M-PSK Constellation
Im{a}

d = 2c sin(π/M)
Re{a}

d
P[symbol error] = 2Q( 2σ ) − P[in orange region]
d
≈ 2Q( 2σ )
q 
2Ea π
= 2Q N0 sin M

G. Sharma EE321A
 Performance Analysis in AWGN

Bit Error Rates

Let b = log2 M and per bit signal-to-noise ratio

= Eb /N0 = Pav /(N0 Rb ), we have
s !
2  6bEb /N0
PbASK ≈ 1 − 2−b Q
b (22b − 1)
s !
4 3bEb /N0
PbQAM ≈ (1 − 2−b/2 )Q
b (2b − 1)
2 π
q 
PbQAM ≈ Q 2bEb /N0 sin b
b 2

G. Sharma EE321A