Wireless Power

Transmisson
TECHNICAL SYNOPSIS

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
Electronics and Communications Engineering

SUBMITTED BY

Vansh Tomar (03576802818)

Guru Tegh Bahadur Institute of Technology

Rajouri Garden, Delhi- 110064
 Project Overview
In general, a wireless power system consists of a "transmitter" device connected to
a source of power such as a mains power line, which converts the power to a time-
varying electromagnetic field, and one or more "receiver" devices which receive
the power and convert it back to DC or AC electric current which is used by an
electrical load.
At the transmitter the input power is converted to an oscillating electromagnetic
field by some type of "antenna" device. The word "antenna" is used loosely here; it
may be a coil of wire which generates a magnetic field, a metal plate which
generates an electric field, an antenna which radiates radio waves, or a laser which
generates light.
 History
The 19th century saw many developments of theories, and counter-theories on how
electrical energy might be transmitted. In 1826 André-Marie Ampère found
Ampère's circuital law showing that electric current produces a magnetic field.
Michael Faraday described in 1831 with his law of induction the electromotive
force driving a current in a conductor loop by a time-varying magnetic flux.
Transmission of electrical energy without wires was observed by many inventors
and experimenters, but lack of a coherent theory attributed these phenomena
vaguely to electromagnetic induction. A concise explanation of these phenomena
would come from the 1860s Maxwell's equations by James Clerk Maxwell,
establishing a theory that unified electricity and magnetism to electromagnetism,
predicting the existence of electromagnetic waves as the "wireless" carrier of
electromagnetic energy. Around 1884 John Henry Poynting defined the Poynting
vector and gave Poynting's theorem, which describe the flow of power across an
area within electromagnetic radiation and allow for a correct analysis of wireless
power transfer systems. This was followed on by Heinrich Rudolf Hertz' 1888
validation of the theory, which included the evidence for radio waves.

Nikola went on to develop a wireless power distribution system that he hoped

would be capable of transmitting power long distance directly into homes and
factories.
Block Diagram
 WORKING

Wireless power transfer is a generic term for a number of different technologies for
transmitting energy by means of electromagnetic fields. The technologies, listed in
the table below, differ in the distance over which they can transfer power
efficiently, whether the transmitter must be aimed (directed) at the receiver, and in
the type of electromagnetic energy they use: time varying electric fields, magnetic
fields, radio waves, microwaves, infrared or visible light waves.
In general, a wireless power system consists of a "transmitter" device connected to
a source of power such as a mains power line, which converts the power to a time-
varying electromagnetic field, and one or more "receiver" devices which receive
the power and convert it back to DC or AC electric current which is used by an
electrical load. At the transmitter the input power is converted to an oscillating
electromagnetic field by some type of "antenna" device. The word "antenna" is
used loosely here; it may be a coil of wire which generates a magnetic field, a
metal plate which generates an electric field, an antenna which radiates radio
waves, or a laser which generates light.
 Field regions
Electric and magnetic fields are created by charged particles in matter such as
electrons. A stationary charge creates an electrostatic field in the space around it. A
steady current of charges (direct current, DC) creates a static magnetic field around
it.

• Near Field: This means the area within about 1 wavelength (λ) of the
antenna. In this region the oscillating electric and magnetic fields are
separate and power can be transferred via electric fields by
capacitive coupling (electrostatic induction) between metal
electrodes, or via magnetic fields by inductive coupling
(electromagnetic induction) between coils of wire.
• Far-field or radiative region: Beyond about 1 wavelength (λ) of the
antenna, the electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each
other and propagate as an electromagnetic wave; examples are radio
waves, microwaves, or light waves. This part of the energy is
radiative, meaning it leaves the antenna whether or not there is a
receiver to absorb it.
 References
1 Abhishek Bohare "Study of Wireless Power Transfer ".

2 Abhishek Bohare, “Design and Implementation of Wireless Power Transmission

via Radio Frequency”.
3 Karalis, A., Joannopoulos, J. D., Soljaˇci´c, M. (2008). "Efficient wireless non-
radiative mid-range energy transfer. Annals of physics".
4 Matjaz Rozman, Augustine Ikpehai, Bamidele Adebisi, Khaled M. Rabie, Haris
Gacanin, Helen Ji, Member, and Michael Fernando, "Wireless Power Transfer
System for an Autonomous Electric Vehicle"