Report 1

Impact Test

Ömercan Limli
190505084
 IMPACT TEST
Introduction
As known in engineering lots of calculations made to determine the stresses on the elements
designed. But in real life unexpected situations may occur like instant load which could called
impact. When same stress applied to a material instant and continually different results could
occur. There is a different types of impact tests. Ussually there is a pendulum which hits the
bar which is notched and the different in the heights before and after the impact gives the energy
that material breaks [1]. First weight drop machine like this invented in circa 1860 [2]. But the
real weight dropping inpact test machine invented in 1890s by Russel [3]. In drop weight
system there is a weight dropped to the specimen from a height, and by measuring this height
the potential energy of the weight is calculated. By using this potential energy the energy
necessary to break to specimen is calculated [7]. Then Charpy upgraded the test of Russel and
did some standartizations made a notch on the sample so the test is going to be more precised
[4]. In this test notched specimen is hold horizontally with V – U shaped notch [5]. In the other
hand there is a different technique which is called Izod test, in this test different from the
Charpy specimen hold vertical in Izod testing method and V notch appliedon the specimen
[1],[6].

Procedure
1- Firstly calibrate the test machine and determine the zero point.
2- Put the specimen horizontally to the holders of the machine and be sure that machine holds
the specimen thightly.
3- Bring the pendulum to necessary height.
4-Release the pendulum and after impact check the inducator of the machine for energy data.
 Figure 1: Charpy Impact test machine.

Experiment
In the experiment the different matrixes of natural fibre composites are compared due to impact
test method. The steps in the procedure are followed and Charpy impact test applied to choose
optimum matrix for condition [8]. Mass of the hammer that hits the specimen is determined as
2kg with 39cm length pendulum arm so there is 15J energy on the specimen [9]. Specimen
dimensions are 80mm x 10mm x 5mm and 80mm x 10mm x 3mm [9].

Results
• CM = Compression molding
• PP = Poly propylene
• RTM = Resin transfer moulding

Table 2: Results of the Charpy test of the natural fibre composites..

Conclusion
İt is obvious that impact effect different the material rather than normal continually stress. As
a result of dislocations in the material. As shown there is different type of tests to determine
the fracture energy of the material. Charpy Impact test is one of them which is the most
common one that there is a U or V notch on the specimen and set horizontally. Then by using
the pendulum and potential energy of th pendulum the fracture energy of the matereial
determined. In composite materials there is many matrix and fibre orientation types. These
differences changes the strength of the material so when most optimized material has to chosen
as a result of neccessary strength needs some test should applied to material. Impact test is one
of them.As seen in the table for example on the PP there is different fibre orientations and these
different types have different values of impact strength. As a result impact test is one of the
most important tests on the material choosing proccess.

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