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STUDENT’S BOOK OF EXERCISES

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Revision No: 2 Effectivity Date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

12 October 2018 QMR President

Exercise Number 6 Workstation No. Date

Exercise Title ERRORS OF THE COMPASS AND AZIMUTH

65 minutes (1 hour and 5 minutes)
Duration (10 minutes briefing, 10 minutes familiarization 30 minutes execution, and 15 minutes
debriefing)
Function Navigation at the operational level

Competence Plan and conduct a passage and determine position

Electronics systems of position fixing and navigation

Knowledge, Understanding
& Proficiency (KUP) Ability to determine the ships position by use of electronic navigational aids.
Compass – magnetic and gyro

Knowledge of the principles of magnetic and gyro compasses

CO1: Operate electronic navigational equipment such as GPS, AIS, echo sounder, gyro and
Magnetic compass.
Course Outcome CO2: Explain the principles of magnetic and gyro compasses.
CO3: Determine the errors of magnetic and gyro compasses and apply corrections in
obtaining true course and bearing.
At the end of the exercise, the student must be able to obtain the error of the magnetic
Learning Outcomes compass or gyro compass, obtain the azimuth of the body from tables or by formula and
calculation using GMT of observation.
Prerequisite Knowledge Compass error
1. Nautical Almanac
Learning Resources
2. Compass
Chart Room with tables
Materials/Equipment
Nautical Almanac

On November 15, 2015 a ship is steering 045º (S) and DR position Latitude 24º 00’ S
Scenario Description
Longitude 048º 30’ E. The Gyro bearing of the sun was observed 084º and the
chronometer showed 06h 30m 18s , the variation is 2º E.

Ship name : M/S Saint Michael

Type : Passenger/Cargo
Displacement : 10,130.0 MT
Length over all : 150.0 m
Initial Conditions Ship’s Particulars
Max speed : 20.0 knots
Mean draught : 6.0 M (loaded)
Steering : Manual Mode
Main Engine : Full Sea Ahead
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Revision No: 2 Effectivity Date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

12 October 2018 QMR President

Wind : 090° Beaufort Scale No. 2
Initial local
Current : 270°, 1.3 knots
weather
Sea : Small wavelets, crests have glassy appearance, not breaking
conditions
Visibility: Clear
1. From the Nautical Almanac solve for the GHA of the sun.
2. Apply the longitude to determine the LHA of the Sun.
3. Solve for the declination of the sun.
Instructions 4. By calculator or ABC table find the true bearing of the sun.
5. Compare the true and gyro bearing of the sun to determine the gyro error.
6. Apply the variation to the gyro error to get the deviation.
7. Apply the gyro error to get the compass course.
Expected Output Completed activity on errors of the compass and azimuth

LABORATORY EXERCISE NO. 6

ERROROF THE COMPASS AND AZIMUTH

1. On November 15, 2018 a ship is steering 045º (S) and DR position Latitude 24º 00’ S Longitude
048º 30’ E. The Gyro bearing of the sun was observed 084º and the chronometer showed 06h 30m
18s, the variation is 2º E.
1. From the Nautical Almanac solve for the GHA of the sun.
2. Apply the longitude to determine the LHA of the Sun.
3. Solve for the declination of the sun.
4. By calculator or ABC table find the true bearing of the sun.
5. Compare the true and gyro bearing of the sun to determine the gyro error.
6. Apply the variation to the gyro error to get the deviation.
7. Apply the gyro error to get the compass course.

SHOW SOLUTION:

06’h (+) = 273° 57.6’

30’18” Inc corr. = 7° 34.5’
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GHA Sun = 280° 92.1’ (number 1)
Long E = 048° 30’ E
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LHA Sun = 328° 122.1’ E (number 2)

Decl. Sun = S 17° 45.5

V. Correct = 0.9
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Correct Decl. = S 17° 44.6’ (number 3)

Hour angle A = 0.71N > Lat 24°, Correct LHA 328°

Hour angle B = 0.65S > Decl. 19° 11.9’, Correct LHA 328° (number 4)
C = 0.06 > Lat 24° / Value of C = 84.3 = Z or AZ
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Revision No: 2 Effectivity Date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

12 October 2018 QMR President

Z = 084.3°
G/B = 084°
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G/E = 0.3° E (number 5)
Var. = 02° E
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Dev.= 2.3° W (number 6)
C/B = 84.0°
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M/B = 86.3°
Var. = 02.0°
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T/B = 88.3° (number 7)

Performance Criteria Performance Standards Allotted points

1. Students must be able to obtain correctly data Obtain correctly data taken from the Nautical 10
taken from the Nautical almanac. almanac.
2. Students must be able to solve for value of Solve for value of ABC by calculator or by using 20
ABC by calculator or by using the table. the table.
3. Students must be able to solve for compass Solve for compass error and applied the error into 20
error and applied the error into compass compass course to obtain true course.
course to obtain true course.
Total 50

Penalties and Deductions:

-NYC for the wrong data taken from the Nautical Almanac.
-Ten points will be deducted for the wrong answer for value of ABC.
-Ten points will be deducted for the wrong computation for true azimuth.
-Ten points will be deducted for wrong computation for compass error.
-Ten points will be deducted for wrong computation for true course.
-Two points will be deducted for every minute exceeded for the allotted time.

Failure state:

-If the student has a grade lower than 50% of the allotted points.

Grade:

-Grades of 50% and above = Passed

-Grade of lower than 50% = Not yet competent (NYC)

NYC Grade:
-A reset for the same competence on the same day is not allowed
-A student who fails in the same competence 3 times shall not be allowed to reset for the said competence until he shows proof of
readiness based on his attendance and laboratory performance.

Result:

-The result will be the basis for the grading in the laboratory column which will be submitted by the instructor to the Dean’s office.
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Revision No: 2 Effectivity Date: Reviewed by: Approved by:

12 October 2018 QMR President

Final rating:

-The performance assessment of the student will be computed using the transmutation formula: (Obtained points ÷ Total points) x 100
and a final rating shall be tabulated after the completion of the exercise.

I hereby confirm that I have undergone all the processes of briefing, familiarization, execution
and debriefing in completing Laboratory ExerciseNo.6 entitled ERRORS OF THE COMPASS AND
AZIMUTH

__________JONGIE C. LAURIANO________
Student’s Signature and Printed Name