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3 +ilJit+E+THtr4$.ffH n'1r11:i, ijt)<:ffi1HFfr+|,6 + rl,rM, ecJrn nepeBoAqHKyyAanocb rro3Harbuy6nHrr Kynbrypbr roro Ha-

p dbfr" IHEbT rJ6nii'f{i tr -+F^VfiEqE, X+8fl4=?n 5U--+ lx)/ta, Ha 3HaHr4er3btKa Koroporo oH rrpereHAyer> [1, ll]. Eclra roro-
ifin_F," l)r'r'1,o Kynbrype Kural, To nepeBoArtuKy none3Ho 3Harb KaK MoxHo
i;. . rxurbrue o efo HcTopvIH, TpAAIlt\WtX, nHTeparype, I4cKyccTBe,HpaBaX H

M" flrreparypa
l. CoSpouoeM. B. BeetenNee xuraficxlrfi q:brx. M., 1996.256 c.
o6r,rqa,sxHapoAa,oco6eHHocrsx BocnpuflTus nurafi qaruu oKpyxarouero
Mnpa u r. 4. HanpnMep, HeKoroprre Qpa-:eoJroru3Mbr n xuraficrcov r3brKe
2. ffiZfiX, 'IF,tr,6" ifr"Vtlfikyt/+,Z'ffiEil1#1+.Pyccxufi
r3brrB ('()xpaHHJIIthMeHa H3BecrHbIXI{cropHqecKux ge.arelefr, TaKr{x xax t{xyre
K n ra e fE l tki 1 +\+. te854" tF.A" )ltttr ustu l{:ru Tafiry", #ffiffifl-fit *, xoy VcrcyzeJInu <<xpenoK3aA-
3. 3itdnuu/7. Knraiicxar KraccuqecKaflro:l3Lrr.
M., 1975.350 c. lrHMyMoM);+*.^+\e, )E# LE\J esau mailzyudnonil, rcaHbu,c3
q. thfl:ial"'H,H.5filh+.fiUi+trifl. re85 4FA, utuHzoy <Crapeq L{:xH loeur psr6y-
" cAALrr H )KAer, KorAa oHa crAer
s. 4,8'{dr, ffUi+r6ifl," tsss4" 2f.fr. ra Kproqoo); (clrAerb H )Klarb y Mopq noroAbr)). 9xyrs JI_sH6strt ils-
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6.WW" ^Al+effiiA" rrecrHbrMrrorKoBoAqeM B SnOXy TpOeqapcrala'., orrrvl.raBlrlHMcr MyApo-
7. Kon4eeuulL P. KnrailcKlre HMeHaco6crnesuue r4 repMnHbrB pyccKoM c lbro H yMeHHeMBbrxoAHTbH3 TpyAHbrx nonoxeHnfi, no3ToMy B rrpuBe-
rexcre. floco6ue no rpaHcKpr.rruuu.
M.,2002.
8. ToponoeA. A. 9zn'srovtv wx csoficrsa // CnopHue Bonpocblcrpor xr.rrafi- /teHHoM asrrue Qpa:eoJrofu3Me <<6tIrs gxyrs JIclroM nocre co6rrrr.r_s)
')'r'oBce paBHo, qro (Maxarb KyJIaKaMr{rrocJre
c Ko ror3 b rKaM.,
. 1 9 6 5 .2 1 0c. ApaKH)).9ro rcacaercr BTo-
9. PeQopuaruraficxofi rr4cbMeuHocru (C6opnux uarepnalor). flexun, 1958. lxlro $pa:eoJloru3Ma, To 3Aecb HMeerc.sB BHAy (crapeq I{srH - JrereH-
to.{diPu}. , Ffi+ftV\1.+I.
frA}FF!trI +trtrUi+"tsle"2Xf'" 71apuuft rvryApeu r{ npaBeAHHK,)KHTHe Koroporo JrefeHAa orHoctrr Ko
u. Ffd. 14fi1h++ini*Fli*l<.}Il.
+trf;Ui+"tssi" 4Bfr" rrpeMeHurpaBneHuc rDKoycKoroBgHt-saua (XIII n. 4o u. s.). llpe4aur,re
12.TEH. ,?EB+fHfiUi+it. +trtrUi+.re86.3F,fi" o HeM .{ano [HU{y .rurr MHorHx noc.rroBHrl,fioroBopoK, HeAoroBopoK H
r'. n. Kax ruracHTJrereHAa,oH 6r,ur 6o:nruuu lrc6ureleu prr6Hoil JroBJtH
H npoBoAnn 3a 3THM3aHrrHeM MHofo BpeMeHH.flpu arov psr6a, xarc6lr
oTAaBar AaHb e|.o npaBeAHOCTH
Lr MyAqOCTH,UtrA K HeMy ArDKeHa nyc_
lofi rprcvor> 12,1091.

44 Kumailcrcuil asux. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepeaoda
1. Ilneronue o6o3HaqeHnn
Bo usorprx acneKTax Kynbrypbr Me)KAyHapoAaMHKHraq H ApyrHX
clpaH ecrb HeM[L[o Ba)KHbrxouaunfr, Koropble co3AarcT onpeAeneH-
lrble rpyAHocrl,r Ant nepeBoAa. Hanpnltep, o6osFlaqeuue qeerosofi
faMMbr s rcuraficxorur3brKe He coBnaAaer c npuHtrtrM B pyccKoM t3blKe.
B rigsecrHoM Clourusst(H+)
H3peqeHnu 6'S+ffirtrjFt*"T"'ffi q",
uy nil naHb 3p ut'lt ruit JtoHb vcnorb3oBaHbr ABa Ha3Bat{raqueera: ii
,4r, u #- naua. Bo BropoM rorrae<.{peaHerlaraficxofi $u.noco$uH)) 3ra
Qpa:a nepeBeAeHaraK: (Bor clrHsfl,KpacKa: flonyqaror ee I,r3TpaBbl uH-
AHro, Ho cnnufi uBer reMHee, qeM [ueer rpanu] uHgnro>>[3,142]. B
ApyroM cnoBape [4] aaH cne4yuqufi nepeBoA: <cHnee po)KAaerct H3
roly6oro, Ho ropa3Ao ryrqe nocneAHero / yueHlrx [peB3ouen yqHTen.s).
To ecrr, 3KBLrBzureHToM Et ryurru o6oux cnyqasx sBrtercq <cunufi>.
IIo sa caMoM Aene, 3To cJroBo [epe.qaer fopa3.4o 6oluue orreHKoB
qBera: s (6onbnoM xurai-icxo-pyccKoM cnoBape)) [5] euy coorBercr-
Byror (TeMHo-rory6ofi , rprco-cHHufi; rpKo-3eneHufi , vepurtfi, .renaHufi>.
lloerouy Bo MHorux coqeraHr.ux 3To cJroBonepeBoAnTcflcoBepilIeHHo
ro-pa3HONIy: H'9ft,1F[>txiFffi LpH q3u rpsil nroit n rlteu tmHb <<L\Ber
tluH- 3ro H HesereHsril,n ue roly6on", ELIEfr qrutxyu 4sao 6ait
(cuHee H KpacHoe(rur,r) uepnoe u 6e,roe(rcarc nprcuenpomueonoroJtc-
uocmu),Th#t.t"trfr 6y 6"ro quHxyH qsuo6ail <Hepa:6raparbcq B lril/ufe)KHocrb K KoMrraprrr v o6laAauue noqerHbrM 3BaHHeM.B na-
cyrqecrBeBoilpoca,6e: pa:6opa;orynoM), E HH quHmaHmaH (qpKo-
:ereHrtfi>; -F-9*t1t 7K ryuunnil utauuruyil ((reMHo-3eJleHrte nefisaxn)
(xaHp u MaHepaxlrnonncu).CroxHo nepeAarb3HaqeHHe H e coqera-
Huvlc Apyrr4MuBeroM.Hanpnuep, trpu orrucaHrau
KyH I4q:il s opHru-
Hiure
cKa3aH tt ffi.AX' H E Wfu, qiq.Hlt H *t31fr
o, 4fu,9
/H' -*[ftLSEff'tft,?fifr+ " oAuHn ro' )KerepeBoAqhK
H. T. OeaopeHKO nepeBeJr3To npe.qno)KeHlre[o-pa3Homy: n c6opurarce
<<K-nuq>1950 r. sro cAenaHorar: <Ou 6rrr oqeHs BbrcoK,y Hero 6rrlo
6leAuoe nnqo, Mopulunucrltfi lo6, norcpurufi py6qauu H qaparruHaMH,
H HeorrprrHafl ceqas 6opogxa>, a s <<Az6paHHbrxnpou:ee4eHuxx JIy
CrlHl> 1981 r. - <3ro 6lrr qe,roseK Bbrcoxofo pocra, c BcruroKoqeH-
fnaoa 3 . Kumaucrcan Kynbmypa u nepeaod A<
rrrrii cegonarofi 6opoAoii V uccnus-6enr,rM Mop[IHHHcrbrM JrHuoM, no-
hl)r,r'fbrM py6qalrrz>. To ec.rr cnoBo '8fJ 4uu6arl nepe4auo AByMq He-
ll()\())KHMH3KBHBUL[eH'ranalr: <6le4Hufi> u <<ncculq-6e.nufi>, qro 3a-
( rilrrJrrerct 3aAyMarbc.fl,KaKHMxe 6tu 3Tor LIBerHa caMoM
Aene.
lrrrle 6o-nrmyro rpyAHocrb Anr nepeBoAaco3Aaror Herroxo)x'e acco-
l(llilllHI4' KoTopble cyUIecTByroTy pa3HbIXHapoAoB oTHocHTeIbHoToro
ilr1r HHO|OUBera. fftr Hocurelefi rcuraficKofo .rr3blKa
rpacnrrfi qBer rB-
rlrlc|ct cHMBoJIoMcrracrbr, y4aqh, pacllBera, AbrxaHHq BecHbI. A
A,rs
rrro/(cli,y Koropbrx poAHbrMr3bIKOMrBJrrercg aHuHfrCnUfi, 3TH Kaqecr-
lrll ilccoqHHpylorct c 3eneHbIMH 3oJIorHcrbIMIIBeroM, TorAa KaK Kpac-
rrr'rii qnet cnyxc4T cr.rrHajroMorracHocrrr n rpafiueii cre[eHH qero-lu6o.
lf nrerruo HcxoAr H3 3Ttrx coo6paxeuufi 4..1r nepeBoAa Ha3BaHlu^A Krae-
( r,lccKoro poMaHa 2ft+b xyH.ryoy-M)H <CoH s KpacHoM repeMe) Bo
rrrtlsy3llys HenpuqrHbrx accoqfiarluil 6am mrr Apyfoii napuaur, ne
, r$r'rauHbrfic o6osuaqeHneM uBera: The story of the stone <<Hannucuua
h;r\rrre))(E;k id), a B caMoM TeKcre poMaHa Ha3BaHHe ,|ff4I
anopurca
l\,i,,rt xyu K)aHb <<Bece.nrrfi xpacusrfi 4nopnr> [epeAaHo xax <seneHbrft
rlff()pHK)) [6, l6j. Kuraftcxue croBa c KoMnoHeHrou2I nepeBoAqrcr Ha
f rl'ccxr.rfiq3brK ro-pa3HoMy: L-I# ,ynra <vepHufi \aia>>,rIW xyHmaH
.,liorrfblii caxap)), tJ',F *yrqsnua <<KpacuasapMHr). BsrpaxeHue
ffi
',,ltt /
I rlrlI J- oau x}HMaoq3d <<HocuTr,KpacHylo tuanoqKy)) o3HaqaeTflpH_
,r:rrrr,uurii ilepHoA noJrurr4Kl.lpeooprr,r h orKpbrrocrH
co6crseHHocrb
rl)c/lflpr4trnfi ne 6rrla rapaHTupoBaHaor npou3Bona co cropoHbt r{H-
FfiD)l H jrJ,7+ffi <rlll7+> ilWn^ Couqauuy-
lr(,lfrl'KoB,
r rilutta ucrceru<<dailxyHrilaoq3u de cnuucnu <floeronay Bo3HHK,.ra
cvrya-
rtlrr. KofAa Bce Hanepe6ofi crpenauJrucb(HaAerb KpacHyro urailoqKy))
(ro cc-rbxoreJIH HMerb orHoilreHne x rcounapruu).
llocnpurrne uBera Ha 3anaAe u Ha BocroKe pa3nuqaercq H B or-
ll()rllcHHHIIBera KoxI{. Enponefiqtl cql{Taror, r{To cMyfnbtft uttu 6poH-
r.'rrr,rilor.l'eHoKKo)KHroBopHT o Kpacore H 3AopoBbeee o6,lagarell, a
r,rr|iriiqrl, Hao6opor, KpacHBbtMcrIHTaIor 6e,rttfi I-(BerKoxH, no3ToMy
II('Il )M )K C H U IH H bI TIP H K P bIB A IOTC S OT 3A |A P A 3OH TH K A MU H IX IqTIK A MH .
46 Kumailcxutiasux. Teoptn u npaKmuranepecoda
Ll ecr'u eBpoileeu c roxB;rnofi cKa)Ker: You look darker after the holi-
days <flocle ornycKa rbl BbrrnrAurxb eue 6o,ree 3aropenbrM),(t.e.
<erue 6olee 3AopoBbrM)), ro rcuraerl 3Ty Qpagy BocnpriMer KaK oc-
-'
rcop6.rreHue X tp,+T', l + I E I L , , n o u " p He nK
, a KA e p e -
BeHUIHHa)['1,24].
B rla:ax xurafiqes Ne,rrurft rrBer cHMBonH3Hpyer6orarcrao H
BJracrb. O6uleussecrHo, qro B crapoM Kurae HMneparopbr Hocu;rr.r
oAe)KAy xerroro qBera c ApaKoHaMlr. A 4ls pyccKr4x lroAefi xel-
rrrfi ueer o3Haqaer rope, TocKy, He3AopoBbrfi rleer nur\a v Aa)Ke He-
3AopoByro rrcHxHKy (<xe-nrsrfi AoM)). Kporrre Tofo, AJrs nrc6oBHbrx
ornouresufi xerrrrfi rlBer o3Haqaer H3MeHy.B coapeveuson nnrafi-
cKoM q3brKexelrrtfi IIBer raK)Ke He BcefAa HMeer noloxnrerrH;tfi
cMbrcJI,riacro oH cBq3blBaerc.fl
c HeyAavefi, HanpHMep,ecJIH KaKoe-
nn6o Aelo rrorep[eno HeyAaqy, To roBopcr, r{To oHo ffiJ ,yorutt
(nox(eJrreJro>[7, 59].
lpyrue qBera raKxe Bbr3brBarorpa3nur{HbreaccorIHarIHHy npeAcra-
sr,rrereft pa3Hbrx Kynbryp. AHrluficxoe cJroBo blue e nepeBoAe Ha KH-
raircxuit r3brK Moxer B 3aBHcHMocrHor KoHTeKcranepeAaBarbcq cro-
H-€ 9*.@, nnilce (3erreHbrfi), fr.'& ,yorru
quHc3 <<cvrHuir>>,
"u", tH,F.
<xerrufi>, 4to,rt <$noreronsril>. Hanpnnaep,blue film HE FE
ffi <<nopnorpaSuvecxr.rfi
Qumv>,yellowpressfi€,*RTU u*"ntu"
npecca),He wasbeatenblackandblue'ft;ififl1+H-t+ , H-IX.
<OH6rrr uz6ur Ao cHHrKoB;Ha HeMxlrBoro MecraHe ocrttrrocb>.AHr-
ruftcxonry cnoBy green (3eneHrlfi>s npeAnoxeHnnHe is green with
jealousy 'f&,frT '?Jn?-Ifr' <o" crpaAaer 3aBucrrrxBocrbro)coor-
BercrByerxpacnuii ueer. Ecru Anr eBpofiefiqawhite wine <6e,.roeBH-
Ho) o3Haqaerrerrufi Br.rHorpaAHblfi
Hanurox, To Anr rnraiiqee E E
6ailqsn - 3ro oqeHbKperrKarBoAKarrana F T )L 1aarop (raonrrHo-
Bat BoAKa) utt #h uaomail {<Maorafi>>,oAr{oro H3 nyqunx coproB
rcvraftcxofi BoAKH.Kcrarn, 6erufi qBer B Kurae cHMBoJrH3Hpyer
cMeprl laBce,qro c Heil cBq3aHo, B orJluqueor Enponu, fAe 3THMcHM-
BoJroMflBilflerafluepurrft qBer, HanpuMep,B coqeraHun tJ.'fi$= # ,yn
6ail cu utu <<csa1l,6a
H [oxopoHsr>.Henecry enponeftqr,roAeea]ors 6e-
. fnaea 3 . Kumaucxanxytamypa u nepeeod
4j
rr.rrr crra4e6uufi Haprg, a rcnrafiu xpacHufr, noroMy qro AJt,
ilil \ 'il'o uBeT cqacTbt.
l.eJrHe pyccKoM c3brKege,reuufi uBer HMeer nono)KHTenbHylooKpa-
, r,r (6o,Tpocrb, 3HepfHt) c4ra) uagex4a), .I]o e xataficKoM a3brKe
3TOT
lrli('l. rrao6opor, BbtpzDKaer HerarHBHbre3MOUHH, HanpHMep,W&l\t*T
t,rrrr,t)oy ttroiins(nvuo oqeHb HeKpacpiBoer,
€t?*frE dail tuoituao <<(uo-
( rilr' 'le;reHyrc uurny) HocHTb pofa). flocxorrny B fra3ax rcHrailqee
r('rcililr uljlrila B nocJIeAHeM3HaqeHI4H
- 3TOOrIeHbHenpHqrHa, Beurb,
l{) lr Mafa3HHaxMo)KHonaililu tllrcnbr ,rro6slx uBeroB, KpoMe 3ereHofo,
il()()'r'aKyrorxJrflny BprA JrHrcro-uu6yAt rcorAa-lu6o Kynr4TU 6y4er no_
, rrr r, [8 , 60] .
2. Bpeneua roAa
lfeo4uuarcoebrMy eBporefiqee H rcHrafiqes eBilrercfl H npeAcraBne-
rlrfc o BecHe.EcI'n Anq pyccKt{x BecHa- Bcero nu[Ib BpeMt foAa, cJ]e_
/lyroulee 3a zuv,oit, vrJrr4,B nepeHocHoM 3HaqeHHHcJIoBa, MoJloAocrb
(lrccHa xra:Hu), ro e rcHraficKoMr3brKe BecHaaccouHnpyercs c nFo60B-
lrl'rMHorHorreHHcMH ('m6 xyailuyuu (ToMHTbcr xaxrofi ffo6en, nrr-
rlill b crpacrrro>), a raK)Ke o3Haqaer )Is43HeHHyIocHny H )KHByqecTb(4j)
I .l'l s Mflo ruoy xyeu uyua (qyAecHoe HcrreJreHue;nenpeasoil4eHHoe
ilcKyccrBo Bpar{eBaHH{>>). Pa:luvHe B noHHMaHI4U 3HaqeHHr3TOro cjro_
rrir flpu 6yxnalrHou [epeBoAe Mo)Ker npHBecrH K HCKaxeHu[ocMbrcJ]a,
rlarpnMep:
f++ffi6x-%.91//t <HacrynuraBecHaHayKn>>.
[4t
rrocHTerefi pyccKoro r3blKa rarcofi [epeBoA HenoHrreH, noroMy q.ro
Anq
ilHX BeCHa CBs3blBaerCr C npo6pKAeHHeM rrpt4poAbr nocne saN.rlrefr
crrsrrKH,a B AaHHoMcnyqae peqb ilAer He o npo6yx4eHHH HayKH,a o ee
l)acuBere. Toquo raK xe H npr nepeBoAe Ha aHuufiu<Hii rstrrc rryr{fire
ilcnoJlb3oBarbHe nprrMoecoorBercrBr,recnoBy &X rynortuo ur"anur,
ir qpvrofi3KBHBzureHrt
9Ftr)u#+?i.'frffi6x-,%gJ* The best
time for forein businessmento invest in china has come <Hac.rynn:ro
:t.)rtt1yr""speMn Anc I4HocTpaHHbIX 6U:geCVenoB AenaTb hHBecTHUHH B
Knrae>19,281.
 48 Kumailcxuil nsaw. Teopunu npaKnuKa nepeeoda
&,r' 3. 3crernqecKne lrpeAcraBJreHlrs
llpnregeHHttfi sllrrre npuMep noKtl3blBaer,qro llpocroe cJIoBo B orlpe-
AeneHHoMKoHTeKcreMox(er npuo6perarr' oueHoqHoe 3HaqeHHe.Ho s fio-
6oNr cgrtxe ecrb H cJIoBac o6rqenpuu.rrblMu nepeHocHL,IMHoqeHoqHbIMH
3HaqeHI{flMH.<Tanne cJIOBaB 6OllruaHCrse cJlyqaeB gBIqIoTct HaHMeHO-
BaHl4tMr4npeAMeroB o6nxo4a, nHuIH, pacrl{TenbHoro H xcHBOTHOfO MHpa.
Hanpuuep, #81' qail6aotput (nupor c oBouraMn))- (HlIHor,>, RE
aeil6a <<xeo
(ryIloyMHltfi qeroseK)
)KeH[u4Ha; Merepa); ffi[p uacy.no (cBHHbc))-
(Ho ne <o6xopa> u He ((Hepfia)), KaKB pyccKoM lsurce); W.6n uT6onorHa-r)
qepenixa)) - ('fpyc)), ?irT^ uryrya, (Kpblca) - (rpyc, rleropfi>. He-
TPYAuO3aMsrHTb,qro Bo MHofHX CJITIaIX nepeHoc :Ha'IeFIHfinpoucxoAuT
y re x x (e c J Io B,rl ro n Bp y c c Ko Mt3bl K e,oA l raK orl epeH ocH bl e3rl aqeH uqB
i t )6e:rrHa -
.,1 HeKOTOpbIX CJry{aflX He COBnaAarcTC IIepeHOCHT'IMH 3HaqeHHtMHaHULIIO-
.J
rnqHblx pyccKl{x cnon> [ 1, 118]. I4uorl.a nepeHocHble3HaqeHH-c iMor]'r
COBIIaIaTbB KHTafiCKOM H aHfnHfiCKOM q3bIKaX,HO He nMgTb aHaIOfHH B
pyccKoM: fiE4.ln ff,,,dauucno scy ruy (rpycnHB, KaK Kpblca) arlaroruqeH
aumuficxoruy $parenorn3My as cowardly as a rat, Ho B pyccKoM {3bIKe -
((TpycnuB,KaK3atq), a ue <po6on, KaKMbttrlb)).
OAHo lr ro )Ke tBJIeHAeurv npe,4MerB pa3HbIXt3blKax Mo)Ker hMerb
HeoAHHaKoBoeo6pa:Hoe 3HaqeHHe.Hanpuuep, copoKa B rlpeAcraBne-
suu xurafrqeB - 3To nruqa, npnHoctrqat cqacrbe, a B pyccKoM t3bl-
Ke - 3To roaoprunufi 6es yuorr<y qeJIoBeK(rpeu1ln, rarc copora). B
xuraficxon t3blKe cuMBoJIoMHecqacrbt flBnsercfl.BopoHa, a B pyccKoM
fl3blKe-. qepHat KOUKa. B grOfi cBt3u npaKTLIqeCKOe 3HaqeFII4eHMeeT
nrr6op rofo HIIH r1Horo )KHBorHoro I'{Jln nrgl-lbl B KaqecrBe ropronoil
MapKri. Hanpuuep, xurafiqrt oqeHb rrc6qr l4cnoJlt'3oBarbApaKoH KaK
TOproByIo MapKy Arq MHofux roBapoB, noroMy tITo ApaKoH CHMBOJIH-
3upyer cHJIy, aBTopI-ITe'I',cqacrre. OAsaxo Anfl aHrnHr{aH dragon - 3To
cr.rMBoJr3ilA, 14rOeapultfi 3HaK B 3TOMCnyqae yrpaquBaer cnoft cMbIcJI'
Kcraru ro3ToMy Ia Qpa:eonotrtt €Tl:l)n' eo, q3bt u3H ttyH <<xorerb'
qro6u cbrH crzul ApaKoHoM(ro ecru HM[eparopoM, BbIcoKonocraBJIeH-
fnaea 3 . Ktrmaicxaa Kynbmypa u nepeood 49
rr,rM qeJroBexou)> sa aHuufrcrcHfi q3rrrc Henb3t nepeBo^qHTbto hope
tlr;rl oue's son will becorne a dragon, a Mo)KHonHulb [epeBecrn rcar to
lropc that one's son will become somebody. !4r uerurpex 6lrcrpo pa:-
lfrfrrirK)uruxcr crpaH Azuu rculaiubr r4crloJlb3ytorHa3BaH"e tr/{'l Efr
)1",nqacoy cbt mno ryu <<qerbrpeApaKoHa), a B aHrJrnficrcov BapHaHTe
()ilH Ha3brBarcrcqfour Asian tigers (qeTbrpe iBHaTcKHXTHfpa).
I) npe4craareHVH xnrafiqee rufp rBJuercq qapeM :aepei.i, os o6la-
'(ac'r cBnperrbrMxapaKTepoM,orpoMHoft curofi H no3ToMy cHMBolH3H-
l)ycf Aep3ocrr u 6eccrparuvte, Moulb H x(H3HeHHyrocHny. flo:rotry e
r\rflaficKoM r3brKe ecrb raKne coqeraHr.{q,*u* Rl! xy73nH <xpa6pufi
(6orarurp-
rrrrurr;6orarurpr>, Hif,QFn4 ry 6sil cnH no <<arrerv\1ecrcoe
( K()e)TeJrocJro)KeHhe)), ueH nyH xo xy <oK:aBofi,rcax ApaKoH H
'EiifrR,
rrponopHr,rfi,KaK THrp; xr.rsoil H 3Hepl-lrrrHrtfr;Nnsueyraepxgaroulufi>.
3To yMHoe xuBorHoe, o6raAann{ee rBopqecKHMH crro-
t'tl6Hocrqnlr, xoporrreil rraMrrbto H HeyroMHMocrbto n yve6e. Xorr
rilrcrrHe oHa )KHBeTB KonneKTHBe,Ho B Ay[Ie nptqeT qyBcTBo rrpeBoc-
\(ulcrBa H 3foH3M. Osa u raJraHTrHBan 6orara oAHoBpeMeHuo.Tar rcarc
,r6pa:sr rnrpa H o6egrsur,r He coBnaAaror B rcnraficrcou u aHunficrconl
tt lr,rKax, To npu nepeBoAe cneAyrcrrlero ilpeAJlo)KeHut c aHrnHfrcrcoro
rurblKa6rr:ru ncno-qb3oBaHbr
nepeHocHbte3HaqeHHqcroB:
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the characterof the
i mper ialism .
ecrb cMecb rzrpa 14o6e:uqHbr).
<B xapaxrepe rzMrrepHanr43Ma
ffitr *x-6 tu1'Wtr#.Vfi,tk#,
X?itrf'
"
<B xaparcrepe HMnepHann3Maecrb H xecrKocrb, H KoBapcrBo).
O4Harco o6pa:Hoe cpaBHeHHe HM[epHa-IIHcroBH peaKuaoHepoB c
flyuraxusru rurpoM Aft,'ZR, \Jrctr raoxy, Koropoe BBeJrB o6opor Mao
lfn4yu, no ero HacrorHnro 6rrro nepeneAeHorra aHr,'rnftcrcufis:r,rrcrcax
lxrper tiger, a He straw men (coJroMeHHoeqyqero), KaK npeAnaralra He-
rio'ropbrenepeBoAqnKu[ 5, 17].
3alrena o6pa:noft ocHoBbrB TopfoBbrx MapKix HHorAa cB.rr3aHa
c Hera-
IHBHbIMHaCCOUUaUH'MH,
KOTOpbreMO)KeTrropo)r(AaTbTO VrrV HHOeX(H-
50 Kumaiicxuil nzam. Teoputt u npaKmuqa nerseeoda flaaa 3 . Kumaitcrcan Kynbmypa u nepeeod 51

BOlHoe B Apyr'oM r3brKe.Hanpavep, 6yAnlrHlrxu MapKH#.XE 4trrurltu 4. IlpocrpaHcrBeHHo-BpeMeHHbre orHorxeHuq

<3oloroii nerlx) Ha 3Kcrropr rrocraBrqercq noA Ha3BaHHeMGolden
Y pasHrrx nat\uir cytuecrByror pa3nuqHbre npeAcraBreHts o feo-
Rooster, a He Golden Cock, norouy vro cock, noMHMo rrerlxa, TapKe 03-
r parpuuecrcaxttoHtruqx, qro Bbtpaxaercr B coorBercrByloulHx q3btKo-
Haqaer <norosofi qJreH)),npHqeM n rpy6onr BapHaHTe.OAHaxo 3ry oco-
lr,rx peuururx. Hanpnlrep, rcurafiqur rpaAHuHoHHo yBa)r(alor lof H He
6eHHocru AaHHofo cJroBaHe BcerAa y{HTbrBarcTrrpH [epeBoAe peKJIaMHbx
rrro6sr ceBep, no3ToMy orcqer y HHX BcefAa HaquHaercr c rora: try'.-tf
o6bqereHniA.B xypHane Far Eastern Econornic Review (Jan. 1986, p.23)
i'lJif' qyH uaut, dao 6cil <<clora Ha ceBep),lorAa KaK B pyccKoM c3L,rKe
6rlra nonreureHaperuraMa H3BecrHoro JreKapcrBa,ucnonb3yeMofo B Tpa-
rrao6opor: (c ceBepa Ha ror); TaKoe no,rroxeHHe :a$uxcupoeaHo Bo
AuuHoHHoiirrraftcrofi MeAHqHHeAm neqeHu-sxeHcKHX6onesnefi, 9I9
MrorHX Spa:eororu3Max, Harrpur,aep:ffifleJbiE ilaHb qfit 6eu dno
EFtfl ytlsu 1ailrleHlctub <<trvr,to.ruH3 qepHofi xypr.rqu 4.nr 6e.uoro $e-
((Me[rarb roxuufi AHzrneKTc ceBepHbtM;rapa6apruvHa v3 ceBepHbrxH
HHKca) ($eHlrxc s Kurae rpaAHuHoHHo accouHnpyercs c xeHcKnM no-
ro)KHbrxAHnneKToB), ffiffilbffi Hatb toeHb 6:til uace (noBopaqHBarb
lov). B nepeBoAe Ha aHrnHficKHfi q:brx 3To neKapcrBo Ha3brBzlJrocr
Black
olro6lu Ha lor, a cneAbr Konec BeAyr Ha ceBep; 3anprrarb KoHr xBo-
Cock White Pl'roenix Pills H peKJraMupoBiurocbKaK n1^rrlee cpegcr$o gnr
c |oM BnepeA; [pr4BoAHTb K AHaMeTpiurr,HonpoThBononox(HoMy pe-
)KeHUIHH:Black Cocks Provide The Vital Tonic For Women. Tarcal perc-
'rynbrary). Xors e KoMrracecrpeJrKayKa3brBaerHa ceBep, Ho e rcHrail-
naMa y Hocure.nefi aHrnnficrcoro t3brKa, ecrecrBeHHo, y xeHUIuH, Moxgr
cKoM cJroBe+ftffiFt q)rcuHaHburr3Hb oHa yKa3brBaerHa [of. B o6par-
BbI3BaTL JIHITIb CMeX CKBO3b CJIe3bt, H y HHX HaBepHCKa He nOtBHTCt )KeJIa-
roM noprAKe flepeBoAqrcr Ha pyccrcufi q3brK H TaKHecoqeraHur, KaK
HHr K)mxrb H npHHHMarbraKoe neKapcrBo[ 0, 39].
llLi)?, cuh* (ceBepo-3anaA>, Fll' dyu6'til (ceBepo-Bocrox>. fi 1'[ r[
Karc yxe roBopnnocb, copoKa 4rl xnraftqeB - 3To nrarla, npnHocc-
(),vHHaHbn<lOro-BocroqHar Asuq). Henpul:ur xurafiqen K ceBepy
qac paAocrb, BecHy, a Nw, aHrnpruau magpie accounrapyercr c rpeura-
nbrpaxaercr u B ToM, qro KotAa oHr,rxorqr cKa3arb o rcou-.ru6o, r{To y
uruv 6es yMonKy unu 6prcruuBbrM qeJroBercou. floerou!, MA Tofo qro-
uero He Bce B [opqAKe c roJroBofi, ro lrcnolb3yror Anc 3Tofo BbrprDKe-
6rr roaap ocraBrrJr xoporxee BneqarneHne, rrpr4nrr6ope HaAo yr{HTbrBarb
,r"e tkS#i)V r*oo 6y utrao 6eil <<ueB cocrosHurl maitru ceBep; no-
HauHoHnnbH),Io ncnxonorHrc rroKynarerefi. !4r fyau.rxoy, rcoropsrfi
'r'epflTbopr.reHTupoBxy>.HanpnMep, KorAa HarraoHzrnbHarc6opuar Ka-
HMeer Apyroe HiBBaHHe#ffi tnrtn (ropoA 6apaHa> BnoJrHenoAXoAHT
faq no Qyr6o,ry fipnrnacnna:apy6exHoro rpeHepa H cr€ura [peBo3Ho-
MapKaBenocuneAa il} yt, <n.rru 6apaHoB)),Ho B nepeBoAeua aurluft-
cHTb efo, xarc 6oxecrBo, r,r cAyBarb c Hefo nbrJrHHKH,
," fifr,*t$tdT
crcHfi q:srx Five Rams 3Ta MapKa flBrflercs 6o,ree, qeM HeyAaqHofi, noro-
My qro ram o3Haqaerexle H (TapaHhrb; BKonarrnBaru>.BerocuneA c ra-
JUJt. 2#R E, ffixg^4Blp+nHfilfn &,n FI+T?+
t\TfrHL,. ro
,ttde uJrcao 6y utrcao 6eil. Qzezo utu, zoqsndyil 6'tit mercsdyit xe eiloHb-
KHM Hi[BaHaeM, no MHeHH[orloKynarenefi, o6r:arerbHo nonaAer B aBa-
iyil dade qJrcao 6y ucrao 6eil <Os o6pagonalcr Ao roro, qro roreprn
puro. B lllaHxae BbrrrycKarorcr BerocnneAbr noA naaprcoftIA.B, (ttrryo,
ronoBy. B pcy,rtrare HauuoHarrrHar c6opHax 6r;na HafonoBy pzr:-
<SeHnxc>, n Ha 3Kcnopr 3TH BeJrocuneAb;HAyr no4 naaprofi Phoenix.
r-poMneHaKoMaHAaMHHparcau I)leueHo>.
!,u rc.rraftqee SeHurcc- cHMBoJrcqacrbr H HcnoJrHeHun xetauuit, a
flporunonolo)KHbrMlr no HarrpaBneHurou BpeMeHH Aeficrsus B pyc-
AJI' aHrJII4qaHoH o3Haqaer BocKperxeHHe,pereHepaUHrc(BocKpec, KaK
rleJIoBeKMo- cKoM H xnraficrcov r3brKax rBJrrrorcr HaperrHbre Bii qflHb <<ileper>>
$eHnxc n: nenra). Verl4en BeJrocHneA c raKHM Ha3BaHfieM, "nouu
u ffi xoy (no3a(H)): dij7- rl"ro^tHb ((no3aBqepa>H EX xoymnHb <<uo-
)KeT noAyMaTb, qTo npfi e3Ae Ha HeM Mo)KHoyMepeTb H BocKpecHyTb,Ho
cne3aBTpa)).To xe orHocuTcq H K npocrpaHcrBy: B crTyar\\rv, KorAa B
crouT JrHefo B raKoM cnfrae noKy[arb 112,261.
 52 Kumailcrcui nsatx. Teopua u npaKmuKa nepeeoda
KnrafrcKoM fl3blKe Hc[onb3yeTc[, tlotlflTlde ((c3aAH)), B pyccKoM fl3blKe 3To
nepeAaercr roHqrHeM (BnepeAH). Hanpuuep, B HeAotoBop*" Z- i+if€fr
lLla * ttaoruy mu MycttHb- damoy rysailxoymoy (t\'tbttub
Hecer AepeBrHHyroronary - 6o.ruuofi KoHeIr c3aAil>- ((Bce fraBHoe
(eaxHoe, HHTepecHoe)eule anepeAu; 3To roJIbKo IIBeroqKH,sroAKH eule
BnepeAH). Taxoe x(e nporr4Bonoro)KHoe3HaqeHHeorHocHTerbHo pyc-
cKoro q3brKaHMeror cno"u FIUvnHb <<-.lepel>)
H Fr. xoy <<ilo3al4) n B cJIe-
a$opmr,ae:
AyloxreM Fliifi fr,/\, fSfi*fl qnHby zy )rciHb,xoyy ruil
ut{n <<r,,eoHH, BeJruKHen}oAH nporuloro? 14 rcro HX nocneAoBareJln B
6yayuternr?>.flepear norloBllHa :roro a$opusMa E'ii'nfr Mo)Ker
ynorpe6rrrbcfl H caMocrolrerbHo B 3HaqeHHH<6ecnpuuepnstfi ^ e Hcro-
puu; He6unarsrfi; HeerrAaHurrfir>.
B nepenoge Ha aHrluficrcHfi q:ltrc AaH-
Horo orpbrBKa H3 crnxorBopeHus raHcKolo no:ra 9:Hr L{:uaHa (W1-
Efl < |#Uq t'l'lfr ffi()) coxpaHnnocb'I'o )K€ tpocrpaHcrBeHHo-RpeMeHHoe
k*' HanpaBJreHHe, qro H B nepeBoAeHa pyccrcllfi r:uItr:
Where are the sages of the past
And those of the future years? [13,221
Tarcoe rlte qBreHHe na6-r*oAaercs,v npfi [epeBoAe Ha rcuraiiclotil
r3brK c aHrurHficrcolor3brKacneAyIouIHXnpe4roxeHnfr:
But we are getting ahead of the story.
nTE+j('fil
.1fisUft + fr1
tr lfr*T "
<Ho urr yxceAottrnuAo npoAonx(esnssauefi HcropHH).
But his greatinventionswere still to come
{HE'ft!,ff:tr X&IJJ6 l,ttrri* .
<Ho ero caMbreBaxHbreorKp[,rrnq6u,ru erqeBnepeAH).
5. Obpa:ubre cpaBHeHrrs
llepeao4uru $pa:eo,rorn:vu, B Koropbrx coAep)KuTcto6pa:uoe
cpaBHeHHe c KaKHM-J1H6o npe4veroM r,rJrnrBJreFrHeM, HyxHo c ) reroM
Toro, rcarcofio6pa: n AaHHoMcnyqae Bo3rruKaerB rrpeAcraBneH!.la y Ho-
ua xoroprrfi ocyillecrBnflercfl nepeBoA.Tar anrlufi crufi
cNrelefi .rr3brKa,
ftaca 3 . Kumoucxanry)nbmypau nepeeod 53
rlrpa:eo,rorn:naas lean as a rake ua pyccrcHfiq3btKMoxHo flepeBecru (xy-
,(oii rcarculenKa)), Ha rcuraficxuit - j'l'Bfit/^. zy utoy Jtcy uait <<xy1oit u
rroxoxuii Ha xBopocnrHKy)), Ho rrerrb3r nepeBo/lHrb 'Ftl$lniU ey u.to))
,trt'"v6a <xy.lofi, xarc rpa6rH)), rrro coorBerc'rByer aumniicKor\,ry cnoBy
lake. Toqso raK )r{e Herb3s 6yxnalr,uo nepeBecru every dog has its day
,run'r+*tuJ&lSht.,tr'lFlt- ueit mno ?oy ooy n maoo ncu43br (y KIDK-
ltoii co6arn ecrl ceoff AeHb)),Ltro coorBercrByer pyccKoN,ty<6yAer r.rHa
rraruefi ynxue npa3AHaK). B rcnrailcxoM r3brKe Her coorBercrByloqefo
nbrpaxeHuJr,coAepxauero KaKoe-JrH6onoAo6Hoe cpaBHeHHe,no3ToMy
IIcpeBoA B AaHHoMcrlyr{ae 6yaer orr4carerbH"rv, AA#lltr Ecl1,lt7
,Uf/'ln{'ftft Jrc3Hb)rc3ub
dolt ro xl3btq3ltd)u do ruuxoy (y KalxAoro qerroBe-
Ka Aon)KeH6rnl pa4ocruufi 4ent> |2,91. flpuuuHa B ToM, qro eBpo-
rrefiuu :rro6qr co6arc, cr{H'ra}or rx npeAaHHbrMHApy3bsMHr{e;roBeKa,a
rurafi qu, Hao6opor, co6arccr{HTarorrrpe3peHHbrMH cyurecrBaMH,orcroAa
u coorBe'rcrByroque BbrpaxeHur s xpnaficxoNr .s3btKec npe3pHTeJrbHbrM
()rreHKoM: trlHV{- zoymyilt4ttt (rpr4c[euHHK, rrpxxBocreHb; xonyfi>,
trfEn'FJX zoy dauu 6ao mnuu (Aep3Ko rBopHrb 6essaxoun-r; He 3Harb
yAepx.ly B HarnocrH)r, 4ftJ zoy Ll3u mno Lltut (3arHaHHaq B yfon
-4,V)Yf'Ei
co6axa H Ha creHy noJre3er; KonH Hyx(Aa 3acraBHT.TaK H flportrB po)KHa
nonpeulb), lfl,L'lfijjrtl traH cuHb zoy rpoil ((Borlribt Harypa; co6avle H'-
po; AbrBonbcrcnil
xaparcr"prr,
ttfifi""UtZi lU*T zoyt4syiruu
nty1yuy
ctLrrbfl<e coba.{befi rracrn cJroHoesrfi6neenb He Bbrpacrer; cBHHbr co-
JIOBbEM NCTb HC MO)KET)).
flpegcraereHufl o HeKoropbrx )KHBorHbrxy pa3Hbrx HapoAoB Moryr
6unr coneprueHHonpornBonoro)KHbrrran.Hanpnv tffi Mao <<rtornta>>y
"p,
Kurafiuee Bbr3brBaeryMHneHHe,3To cHMBoJrtrJFd. 'ffirt- rceail, Ll3uHJxuH
((MnJIofo, 6oxecreeHHofo co3AaHHiI)),TofAa KaK cat y aHfnfiqaH
BonJ.IoqeHueAbcBona,BMecrKrI4xIeAIXa BeAbM,KaK cquTzulocr n Enpo-
rre B cpeAlrae BeKa.Her y rcHraftuee H TaKoro noHflTvts)KaK (Kor B Mem-
Ke)),no3TorvryaHulrficxoe coqeraHue let the cat out of the bag (Bbrrryc-
'rHTb Kora H3 MerriKa) nepeBoAHTca6e: coxpaneHnfl o6pa:Hoft ocHoBbr:
itt7ffif,I*.: cenoy Mtl.vtu <ebr6onrarb ceKper) [6, l5]. Heru:q 6yrcnamHo
nepeBecrn u aumuiicrcoe cpaBHeHlreShi is a cat <oua - KourKa) xar ib,
54 Kumaficxuit nzarx. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepeaoda ftaaa 3 . Kumailcxaaxynomypau nepeeod
55

,e-Affi ma unt tt vrtcu Mao, norowy rITo B KHTaficKoM t3blKe 3To Bbr- I4uoraa HcK'oKeHHecMbrcra Mo)Ker Bo3HHKarbH34a pa3n.r*rfi s
noHH-
pDKeHHe He HeCeT 3HaqeHlit (cBapnHBaq xeHIIlHHa), KaK B aHult fiCXCltr. MaHUHOAHHXr{ Tex )Ke rrpeAMeroB wu neficrsurt npu nepeBo/le,
KofAa
flouqrulo (cBapnnBaq,3JIar )r(eHUlHI{a; Merepa) B KuraficKoM q3brKe co- HMetorcr raK Ha3brBaeMbre(srox(Hbre Apy3b, nepeBoAriuKa>. Hanpuvep,
orBercrByer (rnrpurra) G+Z\R uy naoxy). Pyccxoe BbrpaKeHue(Kor aumnilcxoe BblpzDKeHHe eat one,s words u rcrradcxoe i\ i * nttb, He_
HarrJIaKiLn)
He HMeeTIIptMOfO aHZUIOfa B KHTafrCKOM
C3brKe,nO3TOMyOHO cMorpq Ha cxo)KecrL,leitcrsus (6yrce: ((cbecrb c,roao), HMeror pa3Hoe
3Ha_
nepeBoAuTct orrucareJrbHo:(Hacrottuux KpHTHKoB y Hac Kor HaruraKaJl, qEHHE: S AFIUIUfiCXOM
3TO 3HAqHT <6PATS HIBAA CBOH CJIOBA)), A B KH-
r,D( qbr) ft'f fl H'!H r-I'.V'l
rorrbKo.AHHH +lLtY
x )s,' T . lfi,ll1R ft 41ffi. rafrcrcou -
'3bIKE
((HecAep)Karbcnoaa (o6e'1aunl)>. AHarorH.rHa
t cvrryarr4, H c
fu1)L+ eoi'rsuadeq)rcsHbttJtcsHds
nunuu\sn mainaaons, maMub vJtcu- ApyrLrMLrcoqeraHr4_qMu:
pLr|I one's leg (Mopoqnrb; oAypaqHBarb; uucrnQu_
wu nruy de 4suze.34ecr<nor HarrJraKuur)
nepeAaHo coqeraHueMXrlT III4poBarb)), lltrn8 na xoymyil (rr,Hr.trb rperurcrB,_f,; craBurb B
mail utaorg (cJlHlnKoM Ma[o). Koneca); to wash one's lmnds of <yvrrrr pyKLD u ijT,*4<f, 'ilJrKH
cu ruoy 6y
Bnpouenr,HeKoropbre
cxoAHbreaHmnficxneH pyccKHeo6pasHnenrr- zaua <<6pocurl,;nepecraru (uena-r'6o :aHrnaarcr)>; have one's tair
up (Be-
poKeHHrMo)KHonepeBecrH6yxna-ntuou sa rcuraitcKl.rill3brK,Ha[pHMep, cerrrfr; B xopoueM HacrpoeHnu" u f&F4-[j_ ,po ecii1a <<zmr.,tparb
Hoc,
likea barrelof herring(KaKcenbAu s 6oqKe) fllblF& Aep)Karbcr BbrcoKoMepHo;Kr4rrr.ilbcr>;have a bone in one,s throat <6rrm ue
cnH myHtlsbt ttu vJrcyaHuaHbna de Qeilnil, HJrH (KaK cbrp B MbrureJroBKe)
^tffi+W.#iifrT B cocrotHzx cKirarb Hr4cJroBO) zy zeu tpctuxoy (cJrotsapByrc,
asthetoastedcheese
in a rat-trap cnHneowymyH "HfiFEW
ru fopna; TrHer cKa3arr,;r3brK qelrercr). B pyccxonar3brKe3To BbrprDKeHHe
nu de xqo ucynao. Xorq s ruaraficrou r3brKe H Her cpaBHeuufi c cenbAbro
^7.'fr"trry,V,1'W*LW HMeer Apyfofr cMbrcJr:((crorrL, KaK KOCTbB ropJre) 3Har{I4T<nreuarl,
6lnl
s 6oqrce HrLr c cbrpoM B MbrueJroBxe,n6o rurafiun He ruraAyl cbrp B npefirrcrBueM K qeMy-J[r60>. PyccrcoeBbrpDKeHHe<xo4xunfi cKeJrsn),
KaK
MbIUetoBKy, HO npH rrepeBoAec 3afIaAHbIxr3brKoB TaKHe cpaBHeHHq u asmaficxoe a walking skeleton, o3Hariaer oqeHb xyAoro qenoBeKa,y
Ko-
coxpaHr4Tb,qro6sr nepeAarb AID(npoH3BeAeHHlH no3HaKo-
)KeJrareJrr,Ho roporo JrHrubKoxa Aa Koc.ru, a xuraficxoe ft trrt61 cuH Lqu tl3oy
ncoy_
lrurl rcHrailqenc o6srvarMn eBponefiqer [5, l8]. EyrcnaruHrrii nepeBoA <6ecqelruo [po)KnBar.bcBoHAHH;KomHTb ne6o>>.
o6pa:Horo cpaBHeH[fi HHorAa flBrflerct 6olee [peAnoqrHTenbnbtM AarKe B caoro oqepeAr,, B 3arraAHbrxr3brKax Her rHnHqHo rcnraficxax
o6pa-
ilpH HaltHrtnnn nrarafrcnoMq3blKeBbIpuDKeHHr, r{Me}oqero a}rilJroruqHoe 3oB, cBfl3aHHbrx,HanpnMep,c ropaMr4,TaKnx xar € flR4ij{# rl n :rHb
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56 Kumaitcxuit ttsaw. T'eopun u npaKmuKa nepeeoda
lpynae noquraeMbre
Alanacrrrrl. Bep[ruHbr- XyauraHs(npon.lllaurcu),
XeuruaHu(npon. Xyuaur) H ApyraflXenruaul (npoe. X:Hanr) - o6pa-
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He roBopfly)Keo roM, qro aror o6pa: orcyrcrByer B o[HcarerbHoMne-
peBoAe:(He y3Harb H3BecrHoro(:HarHoro) qeJroBeKa).Llro rcacaerc.s
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KpbITao6rarauu, H ToJIbKo H3peAKa, KorAanpofnqAbrBaer coJrFIue,
Mo)I(-
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ee raxofi, KaKaroHaecrb Ha caMoMAele. OrcrcAaH flpohc-
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rcMopHcrur{ecKuMorreHKoM, a noroMy or{eHb Bbrpa3HTerbuuv [4, 7].
Boo6ue foBopr, BHHMaHHe K HarlrroHzrnrHuvoco6euuoclrM Bocnpn-
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er BzDKHyro
Ae poMaHaE,ft iE <flyreurecrene Ha 3arraA) nepeBo/+rux Arthur Waley,
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peruarorqr.rft>u K qaH B crroBeKFA ,ora, (AJrHTeJ,rbHblfi>.
?ru )Ke oa-
HocnorH HMetor qreHHe qyH, :Hailp]Huep,B cJroBe E# uyrurerub ((rroA-
TBepAHTb, noBTopHTb) H qJrcaH, HarrpuMep, B cnoBax K# qucan1eil
(crapmee rroKoJreHue),mK myaHbuucaH(rraBa Aenerauuu), a raKxe
uJrccrH(pacrn; pa3BuBarbcq, (Kt qtcaHda (Bbrpacrn), K)fr. ,"norr1-
l0 Kumailc'xuii nLotx. Teoptu u npaKmuRa nepecttdu
3uHb <<nporpeccHpoBaTb; coBeprxeHcTBoBaTbcr)). B [ocneAHeM cnrlae
fpa$HqecKar oMoHHMHT(uau - uttau) coqeraercr c neKcnqecKofioMo-
H]/'MHeir(<crapruufi>) - (pacrH)>), vro ycno)KHrer aHiurH3nepeBoAHMbrx
clor. Pa:rpaHr.rrreHuerpaQuuecxofi a rexcuqecKofi oMoHHv'vrLrflBrgercfl
Heo6xoAuMoft cocrasHoft qacrbro npoqecca [epeBoAa. llpumepov ouru-
6oquoro o[peAeneHur qreHnt cnoBa Moxer cryxr,rrb, HarIpHMep,cny-
qafi, Koropbrfi na6mo4al aBTop B fleruue, KorAa ABoe ApFefi flpor{HTuurh
Ha3BaHHeropoAa @fi tlynur4H KaK <,{xyn4o H 3areM Aonfo n 6e:yc-
rlelllHo TIbITaJIHCb
OTbICKaTbero Ha KapTe.
Cne4yer cKa3arb, r{To oMoHHMAflHe flBIrflerct 3HaqHTenbHbIMrlpe-
TaK KaK trpn ynorpebrexnn cJroBaB onpe-
rrrrcrBr{eM AJu noHHMaHH-fl,
AeneHHoM KOHTeKCTeefo 3HaqeHAe refKo yCTaHaBnHBaeTCt ilO 3Haqe-
Hr4rooKpyxarcillnx cros. 6oree roro, oMoHHMr4rHrpaer 4o Heroropofi
ponb, TaK KaK no3BoJlter ru6xo HcnoJlb3o-
crerleHil IIoJIo)KHTeJIbHyIo
Barb q3bIKoBbIecpeAcrBa Anfl pa3nnqHrtx uelefr, B r{acrHocrn, AJU co3-
crHJrucrHrrecxoro:$QeKTa-
AaHt4s, urpbr cnoB. Hanpuuep, Ha ocHoBe
repMHHayimffi ail4sot6uu
(CilI4A) co3AaHo
coqeraHne
*'hffi oa-
tlsat1uu <6oresHb .[rc6eu K KarrnTzrrry,6oreaHeHuoe npncrpacrue K ropr4rr
AeHbraM)),a fl3BecrHoe BbrcKa3brBaHue [aH Csonuna 4 f"f B''jE' no cnH
ryflHb Karrb (Hy)KHo cMorperb BrrepeA) rrpeBparlulocr s fuj EkE
""n
rpnHbKaHb (Bce paAH AeHer; orAaBarb npeAfloqreHue AeHbfaM>. Ha oc-
HoBe MeAHuuHcKororepMHHa '\tr ft yuzyaHbttHb((TpaxeHT))o6pa:o-
BaHo cJroBo *trf" 7uzyctHbttHb((Myx, roropufi 6orrcs csoefi )KeHL,r;
nogra6lyvHurc (6yrce.: )KeHa ynpaBnqer crpofo)>. flprnrraeporranogo6-
Hofi urplr cJroB Mo)Ker cny)KHTb H cneAyrorqee npeAnoxeHr.re:
fU',IK,RTE(fJi)Ft-tE"
^A4r8fr3+rh?+Z;lyfr
<{lrpercrop KoMTIaHHHtlorryBcrBoBaJl, r{To oro Aeno He roJIbKo
cynuT BbrfoAy, Ho H (AeHe)KHbIe[epc[eKTuBbr)) gAecr o6ruupHbr).
B Aaunona cnyqae B cJroBe At F, qt"oatuH <<nepateKTrBbr; BHAbr)
nepnufi nepornra$ ffi ,loro <nepeguNfi, BrrepeA) 3aMeHeHHa f{ <aeul-
rH)) c reM )Ke qreHueM, r{To co3Aaer :QSercr Hrpbr c;roB. Ilpu nepeno4e
AaHHoro [peAno)KeHnr cJroBo(AeHbf]r) Ao6aueno K cnoBy (nepcneK-
THBar>,
H 3AeCbHCnOJlb3OBaHHe
npHeMaAO6aereHHr He Bbr3BUUrO
OCO6ltx
rpyAHoiicrefi. Ho HHOfAa BMecro go6aeleuur npHXoAHTCTAcfroJrb-
3oBarb3aMeHyKOMrrOHeHTa, Ha KOTOpOM CTpOHTCTHrpa cnoB. Hanpuvep,
ra3erHat 3aMerKa o roM, qro no HToraM npoBepKH za 2003 r. g Kurae
6rlra eurqereHafloqrH l/5 uerognrrx rrnilIeBbrxrrpoAyKToB,o3afJ]aBreHa
rarc:Wlll'*fi[*[T', fir1JlR (H> fit o vt{urce eeiiroarnxynu:
t*rceHb <greusl HapogHoro nor'Tr.rqecKoro KoHcynb-
daxao 6ao <<e'Jit>>
TaTHBHO|O COBeranpr{3blBaror:gaeafire eecrn aoftHy 3a 3auIHTyHaulefo
3AopoBbr). 34ecs urpa cnoB 3aKJrloqaerc.flB roM, qro B croBe lRJl Ooo-
eeil <$ar\nularr> nropofi KoMnoHeHTff eJu (3arqnlqarb), :aveueH ua
ffi
eeil <<xeny\oK)), BMecro Koroporo npu npeo6puBoBaHr{H6yraalrHoro
nepeBoAa 3Toro npH3btna <<ganafrreBecrH nofiuy 3a 3au{ary HaruHX )Ke-
nyAKoB) HCnOJTb3OBaHOCJTOBO(3AOpOBbe).
Hrpy clon, ocHoBaHHyroHa oMoHnMHH,He BcefAa yl.aercfl nepeBecr'
6ea norepu cMbrcJra,coAep)€rqerocr B Hcrlorb3yeMbrx Arq ee co3AaHVs
croBax, u He xax(Arril ilepeBoAr{HKyMeer 3To AeJrarb.flpHnegenr BapuaHTbr
nepeBoAa oAHoro raKoro MoMeHTaH3 noBeCTHlly cunn <llo.4[nHHaq Hc-
q tr_41.).
A-Krro>(FaJ
floAeuulnx A-Krro npucraBaJr K cJr)DKaHKe
v Ma, Koroprul or Hero
y6exata, ilocJre qero <A-Kr,ro B pacrep.rrHHocru o6uuuan flycr]To
crcanrefiry. HaxoHeq oH MeAreHHo noAHqncr c KoJreHr{ noHrlr, rrro
rrpoH3o[uo qro-To HeJraAHoe.Ceplue efo c]rJrbHo6ulocr. B cvyqe_
HHH oH cyHyJr rpy6Ky 3a nocc H yrKe xorel 6turo B3rrbc, :a pa6ory,
KaK BApyr lcro-ro y4apefl ero no roJroBe. On 6ucrpo o6epuyncr. fle_
peA HUMcro.r-nuoqafi c 6arrl6yroaofi nalrcofi B pyKe.
- Tsl uro, as6ecu tcs? .. Ax rtr ! ..
llalrca onrrb orrycrnnacb Ha fonoBy A-Krro, Ho yAap npuruencq
no nzurbrraM,TaK KaK fOJroBy A-Krro npnKpbrn pyKaMH. 3rO 6rrno
eqe 6olruee. BucnarcvtBafl3a ABepb, A-Ksro noJryqun erqe oAHH
yAap IIo cnHHe.
- Ax tu, 3a6rtnutnfi soclNroe [paBHJro,- no-yr{eHoMy Bbrpy-
rzurc.l BcreA euy croqafi>>.
fleperog B. Porona, [1, 100]
72 Kumailcrcuil qsurc. Teoputt u npaKmuKa nepeeoda
B opuruHa,re (3a6brBrxnfr socrN4oenpaBHno) 3By.rltr ran: l,:,i/\E
eau6adauu. B npuee4eHHoMBbrureBapHaHTenepeBoAaorc)'TcrByer yno-
MHHaHneO TOM,rtro 3TOCIOBOnO 3ByqaHHrOnOXO)KeHa pyfarenbcrBo
(qepenarube qfiqo). [aHHoe o6croqrerrcrBo orprDxeHoB KoMMeHTapvtl
3TOrO)Ke nepeBoArrHKaB. Poroea, cAeJraHHoMe 6oree paHHeM v3nalHuvr
c6opHnra <<KrH.{) 1950 r.: <3a6stemHfi BocbMoe npaBl4no)- 3Byq}rr
oAHHaKoBoc pacnpocrpaHer{Hr,rMrcnraftcxnnr pymrenbcrBoN,t(qepena-
urre qfiqo), o3HaqauIHM (He3aKoHHopolKAeHHbtit>>
f2, 100]. K 3ToMy
cneAyer Ao6aBr-rrb,qro BocbMoe rrpaBr{no [oBeAeHrur cofracHo xoH$y-
uuascrcoft Mopanu o3Haqaer crbrA - HlL rr. (lpyrue ceMb HopM Mopiilrn
npeAcraBnrlor co6ofr 4 cno <<cbr?roBH-flt
noqrHTelsnocrrr, fi du
<6parcxar rlo6oBb), po ucrcyu (rpeAaHHoct"r, {H cuHb <<Bepa>>, 4L ,,
(rrpaBuna [oBeAeHHr)), X u (qyBcrBo Aorra)), ffi nnno <vecrHocrr>.)
Taxunl o6pa:ovr, Hrpa cnoB B AaHHoM3rrur3oAe6onee a.qeKBarHonepeAa-
Ha BO BTOpOMCJI) {ae, H nOSTOMyr{HTaTerrOCTaHOBUTCq ilOTUITeHCMbICJI
BbrcKa3brBaHnrcrollaff. 14 yxe coBepueHHo Her AzuKeHaMeKa Ha Arpy
cJIoBB nepeBoAe 3Toro coqeraHvrfl Ha anrrufrcxnfr qsF,rK:
<<Turtle'segg!> shouted the succesful candidat, cursing him in
mandarin from behind 13,23).
3Aecr HcnoJrb3oBaHHeror{Hblil nepeBoA cJIoBa H/\E eau1adarn
turtle's egg (qepeflarure sfrqo>>6er ynovnnawrfl o roM, rrro 3To Bbrpa-
xeHHe HcrroJrb3oBaHoclollaeM, KaK H nono)KeHo yqeHoMy qeJIoBeKy,
coBceM B ApyfoM cMbIcJIe,B KHrrx(HoMBapr4aHTe,noKa3brBatoqeM,qro
oH 3HaKoMc xoHQyriuaHcKHMyr{eHHeM.
B gpyrorur anmuficxov [epeBoAe 3'ro pyrareJrbcrBo nepeAaHo cJro-
nov bastard <y6:rrogox>>,Koropoe orcror,rr or cMbrcJla oparuHana eure
A€Lnbrre,qeM B npeAbrAyuleMcnyqae [4, 58].
flolrlrrvro JreKcgrrecKofiouoHuuupr s rzraficxoM r3blKe cyulecrByer H
TaK Hut3brBaeMrur (KoHBepcuoHHar oMoHr,rMHr)) (no repMHHonoI-HH
H. B. CorHrresofi r{ B. M. ConHqesa) [5,96]. floa 3rHM repMuHoM noA-
pa3yMeBaercq cnoco6Hocrb KHTaftcKlt)(cnoB Bbrcrynarb B $yHxqrarx ue-
cKoJrbKHXqacreil pevu. Taxoe flBJreHHe6lr,ro xapaxrepHbrM Anr ApeBHe-
KuraficKoro fl3brKa,rAe, HarrpHMep,cJroBo /)\ cno (MtrneHbKHfi))IIOMHMO
rrpHnafarenbHoro MorJroHcnorrb3oBarr,cr : ILl- tdTr, ilffij
H KaKrrafoJ,r
,J'€*-,/# 6 LLifu 4t 7t -F <KoH$yqufia:oure,rHa ropy
lyHruaHr, n
(cnepxy) KHqxecrBo Jly norcararocb eMy MaJreHbKrrM,a KorAa B3ouen
Ha fopy TafrruaHr,,ro N floAHe6ecHar craJra Ka3arr,cs eMy MeHbrxe)>.
B conperrleuuonrrcnrafrcKoMfl3brKe vra cnoco6Hocrb KoHBepcHoHHOrO
ucnoJrb3oBaHlrrcnoB coxpaHrdracb e N,reHbrxefr
crefreHu. K rorr,ryxe olpe-
Karercphanr'noft npuHaglexHocrH ABycno)KHbrxcJroBHe Bbr3brBa-
AeJreHLre
cr oco6rx rpyAuocrefi npH nepeBoAe.Flanpurr,rep,B croBocoqerasusx Ii
ffilffiror)l(pzreBnBarb rfn:rcyruq,py
H cnopr) IV*fr\klE7<.Fn
(pa3BHrHeco6rrnafi noKzBbrBaeD)
cJtoBo
"
F-R, Qortrcorb r4crronb3yercrKaK
fJIiIfo.lI B [epBoM cn] {ae H KaK cyqecTBmetlbHoe Bo BTopoM, Ho HI.IKaKptX
rpyauocrefi A.[r nepeBoAa3ro He npeAcraBnrer. .{pyroe AeJrooAHocJro)K-
H6le cJroBaApeaueruaraficKoror3brKa, [epeBoA Koropbrx 3aBHCHT OTTO|O,B
$ynxqlru rcaxofi qacru pequ oHr,rynorpe6leur,r. Hanpunaep,a $pa:e Z-F
Z, D)&-^ZZ nnon^reJ,rbHo orHocrcb K cBorM craprrr.rM, pacnpo-
crpanrfire (:ro nownaHr,re) Ha crapmrn< Apyrn( ,rrc4eil>. 34ecl rrpruara_
reJrbHoet ,oo <crapuruil>, 6ylyrrynorpe6neHHbrM B marolr,uofi
Sy**-
qlrra, npuobperaer 3HaqeHHe(orHocnTbcfl KaK K CTaprxeMy>.B conpeueH-
HOtr rcnraficrcoMr3brKe coxpaHHnocbHeMrL[o$pa:eolorra:MoB, HMeroq[D( B
cBoeMcocraBe KoHBepcnoHr-rbJe oMoHuMbl.Hanpnvep, *^H,EA ueil 4u
MUH tO3 (HMeHOBarb6laro:nyvHo; npHyKpauHBarr,)),fAe npr4rrafar€rbHoe
ft ueil <<rcpac,*srfi>>
n SyHrryru DrafoJra 3HaqHT(Ha3brBarr, KpacuBbrM,
cnoBaMr4;npr{yKparxr4Bars>.B cnoBocoqera"r" 6Af{ ffi uorno*, v)rcsH-
Lp <<norvlTiKarrocrefieHHofo 3zxBara repprrop]lt4 )) cyruegrBr.rrensHoe6
qaHb <<LilenKosH.IHblfiqepBb) ynorpe6neHo B KaqecrBe onpeAeneHl,Ir K rna-
rolry, qro ABilAgrcs rrt Hero Heo6rF{HrrNaB coBpeMeHHbrMt3brKe, H e 3rofi
Qyuxrlrll oHo HMeer 3HaqeHHe opyAur Aefisrenr: <(no4o6no roMy, KaK)
[reJlKoBrrlHbrfi .repm o6rpsnaeu.
3. feuepa"rur3arrr.rfl
flpuerra reHepuuru3auun 3HaqeHufi <<gaKnlo.raercrB 3aMeHeqacrHoro
o6rqunr, BHAoBoro noHsrnr poAoBbrM) [6,431. Hanpnuep, B pyccKoM
7! Kumaiicxuil nsorc. Teopun u npaKmuKa nepecoda

fl3brKe cr'toBo ((Hora)) KaK oAHa H3 AByX KOHeqHOCTeHqeIOBeKa VtH X\1-

Borrloro Moxer ficnonb3oBarbct KaK gll o6o:uaqeHnr Bceft HofH, TaK coverauufi, coAep)KaurHxaHToHHMHqHbIe,
T. e. nporHBorlono)KHbreno
H ee qacTH, a B KHTaficKoM q3brKe O6rrqHo yKa3brBaeTcr onpeAeleHHaq 3HaqeHHIOKOMfroHeHTbI, HarrpHMep
:
qacrb Hofn. flosrouy npH nepeBoAe c KHTafrcKoro q3brKa Ha pyccrcuil, - )'BI.t T , E*vt74,t
'ftLfr'llHf#:t .
KofAa Her Heo6xo4nuocru KoHKperlr3upoBarb, KaKar qacrb HorH HMe-
<cocro.sHHe6orrsoro ece 6o,'reeyxyAmaercr, .'ro He npedae-
eTct B BHAy B AaHHOM CJIyqae, MOXHO t4CnOJrb3OBaTb
pOAOBOefrOHrT[e: t4aemHuqezoxopoutezo>>.
tzKftlIIEuLltt.^E+f
4frT6.WHt+" 34ecr B opnrnHirrreHMeercr $pareonoruz*A$Er)-
<A y Ao Illyn uoza, qro nopaHHn BpiDKecKHficol4ar, elqe He 3a- ,r, do qsu
utao <<3raMo)r(er6rtrr lrsoro, cqacrbt MaJro)), cocrorrqufi H3ABIX nap
XHJIA).
aHToHHMoB:
Lh lt tz,FT -xLrr{;+.
lE*i'lfl#[tditil6'8, lt!ffiF 8 cnu
utao <<MaJro>>.B
E qr, (cqacrbe)),& do rr*noror-_ rb
<Bce ronapvx\v1 yAHBvrJrHcb,
nor{eMy y Hero Ha Hozca KpacHbre Aauuorr.rcnyqae npfi rrepeBoAe AaHoo6o6ueHuoe 3Ha_
rreHne<vpenarufrHecqacrbqMu; HeKao6py>.
ry0nn>.
feuepa-nusaqur Hcnonb3yerc, npu nepeBoAeHeKoropbrx
B grnx AByxilprrMepaxpyccKoMycnoBy(Hora) coorBercrByrorABa Apyfnx
Qpa:eoloru3MoB,Ha[pHMep :
cJroBa:fli&myu (Hora) u FIFq:no (cryrrHr; crona).
pa3Hbrxrcnraficrcux
Xq+ffi,N tpu Mao cyaHbnu(Menor{H;rrycrflrur;6es4emaqa; Hecro_
Eclu nepnoecnoBo flE myu o6o:uaqaer Hory B rreroM,ro sropoe ntl HTBbreAeHHOrO .rfiqa(6yrce.:Kypulrbrenepbr lr qecHoqHaquren;xa)>;
q3no TolrbKo r{acTb HofH HHxe UIHKOIOTKH- CrynHrO. lF*]Ffrt Qsil \una rleil zy (coBceMnocropoHH,ir (6yxe.:nu
-f. 14.Peqrcep rrpHBoAHTTarcKe flpuMep reHepurnu3arrHr.r,
KofAa aHr- poAcrBeHHHK, Hr{rrpHqrenb;HHcBar,HH6par)>;
lnf,crcoe cnoBocoqerauue A young man of6 feet,2 inches nepeBoAnTct /(n^t& uyii ruerrcxo ,cs (Hcnbrrr,rBarb MyKHa4a; 6esgHaro_
KaK (MonoAoil qerosex Bbrrxe cpe.4Hefo pocra), noroMy rrro ((B xyAo- pt H crpaAauuft(6yrce.:uy6orcar BoAaH ropavnfi oront)>.
xecTBeHHbrxnpor43BeAeHH'xHa pyccKoM r3brKe He npHHcTo c rryHKTy-
alrsoft Tor{Hocrbro yKa3blBarb pocr H Bec nepcoHaxeit, eeru 3To He
cBr3aHo c cnoprr4BHsrul,lcoo6paxeHurMH)) [6,44]. Sror xe npr.rHunn 4. lepenoA aHToHrrMoB
o6o6uleHns KoHKperH[,rxAaHHbrxHa6lro4aercA n npr nepeBoAe c KH- AHrouuvHqHue n'rop$eMbr BcrpeqalorcrKaKn ycrofiuunr,rx,TaKH B
rafrcxoro r3brKa ua pyccnufi, HarrpuMep: cso60.4HrlxcoqeraHHrx rcntaficrcoror3brKa.KounoHeHrbrc
nonqpHo
\+- f*#rt J&Fl,t n4 - fl kI, IH
n?Yi.- flF"]{ft IPOTHBONOJIO)KHI'IMH 3HAqCHHqMH qBI'IOTC' COCTASHOfi qACTI,}O MHO-
xfrfr#tJ1+--
h" rnx Spa:eoJrorH3MoB, HarrpHMep,rS rB ffi.ffi uHrl B3aA,HH BrrepeA;
<<rQeuteaatil
vafi 4anHo 3aMeHeHHa *brcoKocopmnuu, Ho ueHa oA- 6rrrr s KpHTHqecKoM rrono)KeHuu>;M.]-ZoE (He HaxoAutrsce6e
sofi nua,uu ocraercr npexnefi - ABa $aH.r>. Mecra(6yrce.:HHcrorrb, Htr cnAerr,cnoxofiso ue vovt); rrorep.rrrb
no_
3Aecs xuraficrure coqeraHuc -rL?+k-fr lfi u rcaHb do t4xuu u rcofi;4yuraHe Ha Mecre)r;fi}KtrH (cMorperb no cropoHau(6yrca.:ro
4suua de <ueHofi 6oree oAHoro roaHr 3a oAHH u3HHb, HaBocroK,To Ha3arraA);our4unarbc, BoKpyf;6erarr rJrzBaMH>.
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ffI 4u.orto do u qsuua ds (rreHofi 6oree cenu roaHeil 3a oAHH rl3r.rHb)) AuronuuuqHbre KoMnoHeHTbr Mofyr nepeBoAHTbcflHrH o6o6rqeHuo,
3aMeHeHbIcoorBercrBeHHo Ha <4eurenlrfr> H ((BbrcoKocopruslft>>. KaKB ABlx nocneAHHX npHMepax,HnlI c coxpaHeHHeM HcxoAHoro3Harre-
 G
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ryou! 4 . Ilpue"uat
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uKunq"rfi BapHaHrHMeercBoH
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nonolr(HrerrbHoe rrroRanplrA 3KBHBttrIeHTbl> ycraHoBHBrruecs
r"\s'\vbnbutnecs
cnoBapHEre ^-_,.-^_ ::"t""::t:11
[7,99]. vlwn :
Firlt., 4.E]'6'lH <B nonpoce Hcrorrb3oBaHaq
KaApoBcle.4yer 6rnr
or{erlb ocTopo)KHblM' TaK KaK oT 3Tofo 3aBHcHT pacIIBeT unH ynaAoK, ycnex
";:::,::,,3:Y^:::';";l{?:i*';+th;;;';;i",i*
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HanpaMep, TaKHe

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vrw Hey4aqa Harrrero Aena)). I{cno:rl:osaHHe rofo HJIH HHO|O BapHaHTa ::::' :: :::::t::
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n o4Hofirpynne c F\Ijf.. coqeraHlrrXF npu"qBs!.Hyra- il ?T.,1Tl,:
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AOK;rrOAbeMH naAeHHe),KOTOpOe f##,1#^ rn'w
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 Kumailcxuu asux. Teopunu npanmuKanepeeoda fnaea 4 . Ilpuettut nepeeoda 95
94

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ffrHffi LAFf;nr€x'f*S. thunderstormas this - all the books say that.
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124 Kumaiicxuil nsaw. Teoptta u npaKmttKa nepeeoda e,{!9
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