Irinus Kum

4100210007
01

UTS

Answer

I.

1. Weathering is an event that breaks or changes the shape of rock, physically,

chemically, or biologically.

2. Weathering is divided into two types:

 physical or mechanical weathering (disintegration), is the weathering process

of rock caused by the influence of physical things on rock.

 chemical weathering (decomposition), is a type of destruction process that

occurs in an object, especially rocks on earth.

3. Soil formation occurs in several stages, starting with the weathering process of rocks.
Rocks that have undergone weathering will be entered by water and air. Both seep into
the rock . As a result, weathering occurs in the rock. In this process, living things will
begin to grow on the surface layer of the rock because it is supported by water and air.
However, organisms that can develop at this stage of the soil formation process are
still very limited, such as mosses and microbes.

Then the rocks began to grow grass and small plants. The roots of these plants go into
the rock and will slowly destroy it. Over time the rock will break down and become
soil-forming mineral elements.

With the formation of humus, the soil becomes more fertile so that larger plants can
grow. It takes hundreds of years to turn rock into fertile soil.

The formation of land that takes a very long time reminds us of how valuable land is.
Therefore, keeping the soil fertile is much better than destroying it.

4. Mass wasting is the effect of gravity acting on loosened rock may produce a number of
kinds of down slope movement.

5. Humus is decaying plant matter.

II.
 1. Earth curst

Crust is the outermost layer of the Earth which is thinner than the other layers. In this
layer, there are chemical elements such as oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium,
sodium, potassium, and magnesium. The outermost layer of the Earth also consists of
two types, namely the layers of continental crust on land and oceans on the seabed.
Continental crust is 5 km to 40 km thick, while oceanic crust is 6 to 11 km thick. At
the outermost part of the Earth, there is also an endogenous process that makes the
Earth's surface uneven due to the energy inside. This process causes the formation of
mountains and hills.This process also consists of three types, namely tectonism that
occurs due to the movement of the Earth's layers which can cause cracks, volcanism
caused by magma escaping from the stomach to the surface, and seismic movement of
tectonic plates that makes the surface vibrate or earthquakes.

2. Earth mantle

The second layer of Earth is the mantle which is the thickest layer with a thickness of
40 km to 2,900 km. This layer is also called the asthenosphere because its function is
to protect the Earth's core. In this layer, there are two types of mantle, namely the
outer mantle and the inner mantle. The outer mantle has a thickness of 10 to 300 km
below the Earth's surface with a temperature of 1,400 to 3,000 degrees Kelvin which
makes the metals inside have hardened. In the inner mantle, the thickness is 300 to
2890 km below the Earth's surface with temperatures that can reach 3,000 degrees
Kelvin. In this layer of the Earth, it has begun to contain molten metal.

3. Earth outer, Liquid core

This layer of the Earth is a liquid layer with a thickness of about 2,900 km to 5,100 km
consisting of iron and nickel above the inner core and below the mantle. The
temperature of the outer core ranges from 4,300 degrees Kelvin on the outside to
5,000 degrees Kelvin near the inner core. From the high temperature, it is certain that
this layer is a fluid with a low viscosity level. Eddy currents in the outer core have
also affected the Earth's magnetic field.

4. Earth inner, solid core

As the name implies, the inner core is the innermost layer of the Earth in the form of a
solid sphere with a radius of about 1,220 km. This layer is the hottest layer of the
Earth with a depth of 5,100 km to 6,400 km with a temperature of 5,500 degrees
Kelvin. This layer is believed to be composed of iron and nickel, accompanied by
small percentages of sulfur, carbon, oxygen, silicon and potassium.

III.

Produksi Semen
the first to prepare materials such as limestone or limestone and clay, these materials are
the main ingredients in the manufacture of cement taken from mining products. All
these mined raw materials are then processed again. After that, mix the two ingredients
together with the correct proportions according to the rules. Then enter the limestone or
clay and grind it into a stone crusher (crusher), a stone crusher (crusher) is a machine
designed to break large stones into small stones. Chunks of limestone and clay that have
been crushed are stored at the same time, after that the two materials that have been
processed through a stone crusher machine, the material will turn into a powder that is
very small, fine and dry from a solid material.
The above ingredients are then ground (mixer), this milling process is a grinding
process where we can get cement like the one on the market, the material is ground to a
fineness of 90 microns after that it is put into a mixer machine or mixer.

Then the material will be put into the preheater to start with the preheating process with
a temperature of 9000c until it reaches 14000c which results in a chemical reaction or
semi-finished material, then the crust is added to gypsum to produce Portland cement
type 1. While the slag is added gypsum and added pozzolan will produce Portland
pozzolan cement, the entire processing of the material then enters the final milling
process to become cement. The cement is packaged in sacks of 50 kg for PC1 and 40 kg
for PCB and in the form of cement manufacture has been completed and then is sent to
the customer.