Sahyadri Classes

Mathematics
Time : 1.00 hr XII - A Div Marks : 50

Vector Algebra
→
− −
1) The volume of the parallelopiped, whose edges 10) Let →
−a , b ,→c be three non-coplanar vectors
are represented by −12î + αk̂, 3ĵ−k̂, 2î + ĵ−15k̂ , is and p , →
→
− −q ,→
−r be vectors defined by the
546, then α is : relations:
→
− →
b ×− →
−
c ×→− − →
→ −
A) 3 B) 2 C) − 3 D) − 2. →
−p = →
c →
, −
q =
a →
, −r = a × b , then
→
−− →
−− →
−−
[−
a b→ c] [→
−
a b→c] [→
−
a b→c]
→
−
2) (→
−
a × b )2 is equal to : the value of the expression :
→
− − →
− − →
→
− →
− →
− →
− (→
−a + b)·→ p +(b +→ c )·−
q + (→ −c +→
−a)·→
−r is
A) →
−a 2 b 2 −(→
−
a · b )2 B) →
−
a 2 b 2 −(→
−
a · b)
→
− equal to:
C) (→
−a · b )2 D) a2 b2
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3.
→
−
3) If →
−
a = 4î + 6ĵ and b = 3ĵ + 4k̂ , then the vector →
− → − → − →
− → − →−
11) The scalar A · ( B + C ) × ( A + B + C ) is :
→
−
form of the component of → −
a along b is :
18 18 A) 0
→
−→−→− →
−→−→−



A) √ 3ĵ + 4k̂ B) 3ĵ + 4k̂
10 13 25 B) [ A B C ] + [ B C A ]
18 →
−→−→−
C) 2[ A B C ]


C) √ 3ĵ + 4k̂ D) 3ĵ + 4k̂
113 →
−→−→−
D) [ A B C ].
4) The vectors î + 2ĵ + 3k̂ , λî + 4ĵ + 7k̂ , −3î−2ĵ−5k̂ 12) If the vectors aî + ĵ + k̂ , î + bĵ + k̂ and î + ĵ + ck̂
are collinear if λ is : (a 6= 1, b 6= 1, c 6= 1) are coplanar, then the value
A) 3 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6. 1 1 1
of + + is:
1−a 1−b 1−c
→
− →
−
5) If →
−
a and b are two vectors such that →
−
a · b =0 A) 1 B) 2
→
−
and →−a × b = 0, then : C) 0 D) None of these.
→
− →
−
A) a is parallel to b 13) If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector,
→
−
B) →−a⊥b then the angle between them is equal to :
→
−
C) either →
−
a or b is a null vector A) π /6 B) π /3 C) π /2 D) 2π /3.
D) None of these. →
−
14) lf →
−a , b and →
−c are unit coplanar vectors, then
→
− →
− −
6) The projection of the vector î−2ĵ + k̂ on the the scalar triple product : [ 2→
−
a − b , 2b −→ c ,
vector 4î−4ĵ + 7k̂ is: 2→−c −→ −
a ]=
5√ 1 9 1√ √ √
A) 5 B) 2 C) D) 6 A) 0 B) 1 C) − 3 D) 3
19 9 19 19
15) Given two vectors î − ĵ and î + 2ĵ , the unit
7) If the vectors 2î−ĵ + λk̂ , î−ĵ + 2k̂ and 3î−2ĵ + k̂
vector coplanar with the two vectors and
are coplanar, then the value of λ is : perpendicular to first is:
A) − 1 B) − 2 C) − 3 D) − 4. 1 1
A) √ ( î + ĵ ) B) √ ( 2î + ĵ )
2 5
→
−
8) →
−
a · (→
−
a × b) = 1
C) ± √ ( î + k̂ ) D) None of these.
→
− →
− 2 2 2
A) a · b B) a b C) 0 D) a + ab →
−
16) If →
−
a = 3î − 5ĵ and b = 6î + 3ĵ are two vectors
→
−
9) The points with position vectors 60î + 3ĵ , and → − c a vector such that →
−c =→ −
a × b , then
→
−
40î−8ĵ and aî−52ĵ are collinear if : |→
−
a | : | b | : |→
−
c|=
√ √ √ √ √
A) a = − 40 B) a = 40 A) 34 : 45 : 39 B) 34 : 45 : 39
C) a = 20 D) None of these. C) 34:39:45 D) 39:35 :34.
 →
−
17) Let →
−
a = î + ĵ + k̂ , b = î−ĵ + 2k̂ and A) 5i + 5j + k B) 5i + j − 5k
→
−
c = xî + (x−2)ĵ−k̂ . If the vector → −
c lies in the C) 5i + j + 5k D) ± (5i − j − 5k)
→
−
plane of →
−a and b , then x equals:
27) If in a right angled triangle ABC, the
A) 1 B) −4 C) −2 D) 0. hypotenuse AB = p, then
−→ −→ −→ −→ −→ −→
AB . AC + BC . BA + CA . CB is equal to
18) Given two vectors → −
a = 2î−3ĵ + 6k̂ ,
→
− p2
→
− projection of b on→
−a A) 2p2 B)
b = −2î + 2ĵ−k̂ and p = →
− − ,
→ 2
projection of a on b C) p2 D) None of these
then the value of p is:
A) 3/7 B) 7/3 C) 3 D) 7. 28) A, B, C, D are any four points, then
−→ −→ −→ −−→ −→ −→
→
− AB . CD + BC . AD + CA . BD =
19) If the vectors → −a = î − ĵ + 2k̂ , b = 2î + 4ĵ + k̂ and −→ −→ −→ −→ −→ −→
→
−c = λî + ĵ + µk̂ are mutually orthogonal, then A) 2 AB . BC . CD B) AB + BC + CD
√
(λ, µ) = C) 5 3 D) 0
A) (−3, 2) B) (2, −3) C) (−2, 3) D) (3, −2). 29) If |a| = 3, |b| = 4 then a value of λ for which
1 →
− 1 a + λb is perpendicular to a − λb is
20) If →
−


a =√ 3î + k̂ and b = 2î + 3ĵ − 6k̂ ,
10 7 9 3 3 4
then the value of A) B) C) D)
→
− →
− →
− 16 4 2 3
2→−
a−b · → −a× b × → −
  h   i
a +2b is:
30) If a and b are unit vectors and a − b is also a
A) −5 B) −3 C) 5 D) 3 unit vector, then the angle between a and b is
→
− →
− π π π 2π
21) If the vectors A B = 3î + 4k̂ and A C = 5î−2ĵ + 4k̂ A) B) C) D)
4 3 2 3
the sides of a triangle ABC, then the length of
the median through A is : 31) If a, b and c are unit vectors such that
√ √ √ √ a + b − c = 0, then the angle between a and b is
A) 72 B) 33 C) 45 D) 18
→
− →− − → →
− − i2 A) π/6 B) π/3 C) π/2 D) 2π/3
22) → −
a × b b ×→ c − c ×→−a =λ → −
a b →
h i h
c , then
λ is equal to : 32) If the sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector,
then the magnitude of their difference is
A) 3 B) 0 C) 1 D) 2 √ √ 1
A) 2 B) 3 C) √ D) 1
23) If one side of a square be represented by the 3
vector 3i + 4j + 5k, then the area of the square is 33) If a and b are two unit vectors such that a + 2b
A) 12 B) 13 C) 25 D) 50 and 5a − 4b are perpendicular to each other,
then the angle between a and b is
24) If C is the middle point of AB and P is any point
outside AB, then A) 45◦   B) 60◦  
−→ − → −→ 1 2
A) PA + PB = PC C) cos−1 D) cos−1
−→ − → −→ 3 7
B) PA + PB = 2 PC
−→ − → −→ 34) If a 6= 0, b 6= 0 and |a + b| = |a−b|, then the
C) PA + PB + PC = 0
−→ − → −→ vectors a and b are
D) PA + PB + 2 PC = 0
A) Parallel to each other
25) The value of b such that scalar product of the B) Perpendicular to each other
vectors (i + j + k) with the unit vector parallel to
C) Inclined at an angle of 60◦
the sum of the vectors (2i + 4j − 5k) and
(bi + 2j + 3k) is 1, is D) Neither perpendicular nor parallel

A) −2 B) −1 C) 0 D) 1 35) (a − b) × (a + b) =
√ A) 2( a × b) B) a × b
26) A vector whose modulus is 51 and makes the
i − 2j + 2k − 4i − 3k C) a2 − b2 D) None of these
same angle with a = , b=
3 5
and c = j, will be 36) (2a + 3b) × (5a + 7b) =
 A) a × b B) b × a 47) If a,b and c are unit coplanar vectors then the
C) a + b D) 7a + 10b scalar triple product [2a − b 2b − c 2c − a] is
equal to
37) If a and b are two vectors such that a.b = 0 and √ √
a × b = 0, then A) 0 B) 1 C) − 3 D) 3

A) a is parallel to b 48) The value of [a − b b − c c − a], where

B) a is perpendicular to b |a| = 1, |b| = 5 and |c| = 3 is
C) Either a or b is a null vector A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 4
D) None of these 49) If u, v and w are three non-coplanar vectors,
then (u + v − w) . [(u − v) × (v − w)] equals
38) | (a × b) . c | = |a| |b| |c|, if
A) 0 B) u . (v × w)
A) a . b = b . c = 0
C) u . (w × v) D) 3u . (v × w)
B) b . c = c . a = 0
C) c . a = a . b = 0 50) i × (j × k) =
D) a . b = b . c = c . a = 0 A) 1 B) 0
C) −1 D) None of these
39) |a × i|2 + |a × j|2 + |a × k|2 =
A) |a|2 B) 2 |a|2 C) 3 |a|2 D) 4 |a|2

40) If (a × b)2 + (a . b)2 = 144 and |a| = 4, then |b| =

A) 16 B) 8 C) 3 D) 12

41) A unit vector in the plane of the vectors

2i + j + k, i − j + k and orthogonal to 5i + 2j + 6k
is
6i − 5k 3j − k
A) √ B) √
61 10
2i − 5j 2i + j − 2k
C) √ D)
29 3
42) The area of the parallelogram whose diagonals
are a = 3 i + j − 2k and b = i − 3 j + 4 k is
√ √
A) 10 3 B) 5 3 C) 8 D) 4

43) The moment of a force represented by

→
−
F = i + 2j + 3k about the point 2 i − j + k =
A) 5i − 5j + 5k B) 5i − 5j + 5k
C) −5i + 5j + 5k D) −5i − 5j + 5k

44) If the vectors 2i − 3j, i + j − k and 3i − k form

three concurrent edges of a parallelopiped,
then the volume of the parallelopiped is
A) 8 B) 10 C) 4 D) 14

45) If a and b be parallel vectors, then [acb] =

A) 0 B) 1
C) 2 D) None of these

46) If the vectors 2i − j + k, i + 2j − 3k and

3i + λj + 5k be coplanar, then
A) −1 B) −2 C) −3 D) −4
 Answer Sheet

Mathematics : Vector Algebra

Total Questions : 50 Total Marks : 50

1 C 2 A 3 B 4 A 5 C 6 B 7 A 8 C 9 A 10 D 11 A 12 A
13 D 14 A 15 C 16 B 17 C 18 A 19 A 20 A 21 B 22 C 23 D 24 B
25 D 26 D 27 C 28 D 29 B 30 B 31 D 32 B 33 B 34 B 35 A 36 B
37 C 38 D 39 B 40 C 41 B 42 B 43 D 44 C 45 A 46 D 47 A 48 A
49 B 50 B
 Solution Sheet

Mathematics : Vector Algebra

Total Questions : 50 Total Marks : 50
 
 
 −12 0 α 
  9) Let A(60î + 3ĵ), B(40î−8ĵ), C(aî−52ĵ) be given
1) Volume =  0 3 −1  = 546
  points.
−→
  ∴ AB = 40î−8ĵ−60î−3ĵ = −20î−11ĵ

 2 1 −15 
 −→
and AC = aî−52ĵ−60î−3ĵ
⇒ −12 (−44) + 0 + α (−6) = 546 = (a−60) î−55ĵ
⇒ 528−6α = 546 Since A, B, C are collinear,
−→ −→
⇒ 6α = −546 + 528 = −18 ⇒ α = −3. ∴ AB = kAC, forsome scalar k
→
− ⇒ −20î−11ĵ = k (a−60) î−55ĵ
2) (→
−
a × b )2 = (ab sin
θ)
2
2 2 2 ⇒ −11 = −55k ⇒ k = 1/5
= a b 1− cos θ 1
−
→−→ − → − and −20 = k (a−60) = (a−60)
= a2 b2 −a2 b2 cos2 θ = a2 b2 −(→
a · b )2 . 5
→
− ⇒ −100 = a−60
3) Vector form!of the component of → −
a along b ⇒ a = −40.
→
− →
−
a· b → −
= →
− 2 b →
− →
− − →
− → − −
|b| →
− − a · b ×→ c b ·(b ×→ c)

10) (→
−
a + b)·→ p = → − →
−→− + →
− →
−→−
3ĵ + 4k̂ [a b c ] [a b c ]
= (4 × 0 + 6 × 3 + 0 × 4) √ →
−−
[→
−
a b→

2
9 + 16 c]
= → − − + 0 = 1.
→
18 [−
a b→ c]


= 3ĵ + 4k̂ →
− − →


25 
 Similarly ( b + →
c )·−q = 1 and (→
−
c +→−
a)·→ −r = 1.
 1 2 3  ∴ Total value = 3.
 
4)  λ 4 7  = 0
  →
− → − → − →
− → − → −
11) A · ( B + C ) × ( A + B + C )
→
− → − → − → − → − → − → − →
− →
−
 
= A ·(B × A + B × C + C × A + C + B)
 
 −3 −2 −5 
→
− → − → − → − → −
⇒ 1. (−20 + 14) −2 (−5λ + 21) + 3 (−2λ + 12) = 0 = A · ( B × A + C × A)
→
− → − → − → − →− → −
⇒ −6 + 10λ−42−6λ + 36 = 0 =A·B×A+A·C×A
→
−→ −→− →
−→ −→−
⇒ 4λ = 12 ⇒ λ = 3. = [A B A] + [A C A]
→
− →
− = 0 + 0 = 0.
5) →
−
a · b = 0 and →
−a × b = 0 means
→
−
either →
−
a or b is a null vector. 12) Since given vectors are coplanar,
∵ both cant be parallel and perp.  î + ĵ + k̂, î+ bĵ + k̂,î + ĵ + ck̂] = 0 
∴ [a
(1) (4) + (−2) (−4) + (1) (7) 
 a 1 1 
 
 a 1−a 1−a 

6) Projection = √
16 + 16 + 49
   
⇒  1 b 1  = 0 i.e.  1 b−1 =0
   
4+8+7 19 1 0
= √ = =2 .    
81 9 9 
 1 1 c 
 
 1

0 c−1 
7) Since the vectors [OperatingC2 → C2 −C1 , C3 → C3 −C1 ]
  are coplanar,

 2 −1 λ 
 ⇒ a(b−1)(c−1)−(1−a)(c−1)−1(1−a)(b−1) = 0
  Dividing throughout by (1−a)(1−b)(1−c), we get:
∴  1 −2 2  = 0 1 1
 
a
  + + =0

 3 −2 1 
 1−a 1−b 1−c
1 1 1
⇒ 2 (−1 + 4) + 1 (1−6) + λ (−2 + 3) = 0 ⇒ −1 + + + =0
1−a 1−b 1−c
⇒ 6−5 + λ = 0 ⇒ λ = −1. 1 1 1
⇒ + + =1
1−a 1−b 1−c
8) Since scalar triple product is zero if two
vectors are identical.
 →
− →
−
13) Let →
−
a , b be unit vectors. Then their sum 19) →
−a , b and → −c are mutually orthogonal
→
− →
− →
− →
a + b =
→
− →
− ⇒ b · c = 0 and →
− −a ·→ −
c =0
→
−c ⇒ (→−a + b )2 = (→ −c )2 ⇒ 1 + 1 + 2→−
a · b =1 ⇒ (2î + 4ĵ + k̂) · (λî + ĵ + µk̂) = 0
→
−
⇒ 2|→−
a || b | cos θ = −1 ⇒ 2λ + 4 + µ = 0 ⇒ 2λ + µ = −4 ...(1)
2π and ⇒ (î − ĵ + 2k̂) · (λî + ĵ + µk̂) = 0
⇒ cos θ = −1/2 = − cos(π/3) = cos
3 ⇒ λ − 1 + 2µ = 0 ⇒ λ + 2µ = 1 ...(2)
⇒ θ = 2π/3. Solving (1) and (2), λ = −3 and µ = 2
→
− −
14) Since →−
a , b ,→ c are unit coplanar vectors, 20) 2→ − →
−  h− →
a−b · →
−  −
a× b × →
→
− i

→
− →
− − a +2b
∴ 2→
−a − b , 2b −→ c , 2→−c −→−a are also coplanar →
−  h− → − − →
− → −i
= 2→ −a−b · → a × b ×→ a +2 → −
 
vectors, a× b × b
→
−
= 2→ −

∴ their scalar triple product is zero, a−b ·
→
−
15) Let →
− →
−
→
− − → − − →
− → − → − →
− − i
a ·→ −
a b − → a· b → a +2 → −a · b b −2 b · b →
h 
a = î − ĵ and b = î − 2ĵ a
The reqd. vector is along the vector 1
1
→
− →
− →
− − →
− But → −
a ·→ −
a × (→−a × b ) = (→ −a · b )→a − (→−
a ·→−


a)b a =√ 3î + k̂ · √ 3î + k̂
10 10
= −(î − ĵ) − 2(î + 2ĵ) = −3î − 3ĵ 1 10
Hence reqd. vectors are given by : = [(3)(3) + (1)(1)] = =1
10 10
(−3î − 3ĵ) 1 →
− →
− 1
1

± √ = ± √ (î + ĵ). a· b =√ 3î + k̂ · 2î + 3ĵ − 6k̂
9+9 2 10 7
1
√ √ = √ [(3)(2) + 0 + (1)(−6)] = 0
16) Here |→ −
a | = 9 + 25 + 0 = 34 7 10
→
− √ √ →
− → − 1
1
| b | = 9 + 25 + 0 = 45


and b · b = 2î + 3ĵ − 6k̂ · 2î + 3ĵ − 6k̂
→
− 7 7
Now |→ −c | = |→
−a × b| 1
= |(3î − 5ĵ) × (6î + 3ĵ)| = [(2)(2) + (3)(3) + (−6)(−6)]
49
= |9k̂ + 30k̂| = |39k̂| = 39. 1
→
− − √ √ = [4 + 9 + 36] = 1
Hence |→ −
a | : | b | : |→c | = 34 : 45 : 39 49
→
−
∴ From (1), Given = 2 → −

− →
→ − → − a−b
17) Here [ a b c ] =0 →
−
  [(1) b − 0 + 0 − 2(1)→ −a]
 1 1 1  →
− →
− →
−
= 2 a − b · b − 2→
→
− −
a = 2→ −a · b − 4→ −
a ·→
−
   
 a
⇒  1 −1 2  = 0
 
→
− → − →
− −
−b · b +2b ·→
 

 x x−2 −1 
 a
  = 2(0) − 4(1) − (1) + 2(0) = −4 − 1 = −5.
  →
−
 1 0 0  →
− →
− AC
  21) Here A L = A B +
⇒  1 −2 3  = 0
  2
  (3î + 4k̂) + (5î−2ĵ + 4k̂)
  = = 4î−ĵ + 4k̂
 x −2 1−x  2 √
 − √
 → 
[OperatingC2 → C2 −C1 and C3 → C3 −C2 ] ∴ A L  = 16 + 1 + 16 = 33
⇒ 1.(−2 + 2x + 6) = 0 ⇒ 2x = −4 ⇒ x = −2.

→
− −
(b ·→a)
→
−
|→
−
a| |b| 3
18) →− − = |→
→ − = .
(a · b) a | 7
→
−
|b|
→
− →
− −
[∵ a · b = b · →
→
− a]
22) As usual, we will have :
→
− →
− → − − → →
− − i2
a × b b ×→ c − c ×→−a =λ → −a b →
h i h
c
→
− →
− →
− − i2
Given : →
−a × b b ×→ −c →−c ×→
−
a =λ → −a b →
h i h
c
Hence λ = 1.

√ √ −−→ −→ −→ −→
23) |a| = 9 + 16 + 25 = 5 2 28) AD = AB + BC + CD = a + b + c
−→ −→ −→ −→
Area = |a|2 = 25 × 2 = 50. AC = AB + BC = a + b or CA = −(a + b)
−→ −→ −→
−→ − → −→ −→ −→ −→ −→ −→ BD = BC + CD = b + c
24) PA + PB = (PA + AC) + (PB + BC) − (AC + BC) −→ −→ −→ −−→ −→ −→
−→ −→ −→ −→ −→ −→ −→ Therefore AB . CD + BC . AD + CA . BD
= PC + PC − (AC − CB) = 2PC − 0, (∵ AC = CB) = a . c + b .(a + b + c) + (−a − b) . (b + c)
−→ − → −→
∴ PA + PB = 2PC . =
a.c+b.a+b.b+b.c−a.b−a.c−b.b−b.c = 0

29) Since a + λb is perpendicular to a − λb ,then their

product will be zero.
So, (a + λb).(a − λb) = 0 ⇒ |a|2 − λ2 |b|2 = 0
|a|2 9
or λ2 = 2 ⇒ λ2 = or
|b| 16
3
25) Parallel vector = (2 + b)i + 6j − 2k λ = ± , [∵ |a| = 3, |b| = 4]
(2 + b)i + 6j − 2k 4
Unit vector = p
b2 + 4b + 44 30) (a − qb)2 = 1 = 2 − 2 cos ⇒ θ = 60◦ .
(2 + b) + 6 − 2
According to the condition, 1 = p 31) Given condition is a + b = c.
b2 + 4b + 44 Using dot product, (a + b).(a + b) = c.c
2 2
⇒ b + 4b + 44 = b + 12b + 36 ⇒ 8b = 8 ⇒ b = ⇒ a.a + b.b + 2a.b = c.c
1. ⇒ |a|.|a| cos 0◦ + |b|.|b| cos 0◦ + 2|a|.|b| cos α
= |c|.|c| cos 0◦ , (∵ |a| = |b| = |c| = 1)
1 2π
26) Let the required vector be α = d1 i + d2 j + d3 k , ⇒ 1 + 1 + 2 cos α = 1 ⇒ cos α = − ⇒ α = .
2 3
where d21 + d22 + d23 = 51 , (given) .....(i)
Now, each of the given vectors a, b, c is a unit
d.a d.b d.c 32) Let |a| = 1 and |b| = 1
vector cos θ = = = Also
|d| |a| |d| |b| |d| |c|
or d . √
a = d.b = d.c |a + b|2 = 12 ⇒ 1 + 1 + 2 cos θ = 1 ⇒ θ = 120√◦
|d| = 51 cancels out and |a| = |b| = |c| = 1 ∴ |a − b|2 = 1 + 1 − 2 cos θ = 3 ⇒ |a − b| = 3.
Hence,
1 1
(d − 2d2 + 2d3 ) = (−4d1 + 0d2 − 3d3 ) = d2 33) (a + 2b) . (5a − 4b) = 0 or 5a2 + 6a . b − 8b2 = 0
3 1 5
⇒ d1 − 5d2 + 2d3 = 0 and 4d1 + 5d2 + 3d3 = 0 or 6 a . b = 3, (∵ a2 = 1, b2 = 1)
d d d 1 1
On solving, 1 = 2 = 3 = λ (say) ∴ a . b = or |a||b| cos θ =
5 −1 −5 2 2
Putting d1 , d2 and d3 in (i), we get λ = ±1 1 o
∴ cos θ = , ∴ θ = 60 .
Hence the required vectors are ±(5i − j − 5k). . 2
Trick : Check it with the options.
−→ −→ −→ −→ −→ −→ 34) |a + b| = |a−b| ; Squaring both sides, we get
27) We have AB . AC + BC . BA + CA . CB
4a.b = 0
(AB) (AC) cos θ + (BC) (BA) cos(90o − θ) + 0
⇒ a is perpendicular to b.
= AB(AC cos θ + BC sin θ) =
(AC)2 (BC)2
 
AB +
AB AB 35) (a − b) × (a + b) = a × a − b × a + a × b − b × b
= AC + BC2 = AB2 = p2 .
2 = a × b − b × a = a × b + a × b = 2(a × b).
 1
36) 14(a × b) + 15(b × a) = b × a . 42) ∆ = |a × b|
2  
 
 i j k 
37) a.b = 0 ⇒ a ⊥ b or a = 0 or b = 0
 
But a × b =  3 1 −2  = −2i − 14j − 10k.
 
and a × b = 0 ⇒ a||b or a = 0 or b = 0  
Hence, either a or b is a null vector.
 
 1 −3 4 
1 1√ √
Hence ∆ = |a × b| = 4 + 196 + 100 = 5 3.
38) We have |(a × b).c| = |a||b||c|  2  2
⇒ ||a||b| sin θ n.c| = |a||b||c|
 
 i j k 
⇒ ||a||b||c| sin θ cos α| = |a||b||c|

43) r × F =  2 −1 1  = −5i − 5j + 5k.
 
π
⇒ | sin θ|| cos α| = 1 ⇒ θ = and α = 0
 
2
 
 1 2 3 
⇒ a⊥b and c||n
⇒ a⊥b and is perpendicular to both a and b −−→
44) Here, OA = 2i − 3j = a (say)
∴ a, b, c are mutually perpendicular −→
OB = i + j − k = b (say)
Hence, a.b = b.c = c.a = 0. −→
and OC = 3i − k = c (say)
 2 Hence volume is  
   
 i j k   2 −3 0 
   
39) |a × i| =  a a a  ,
2 [a b c] = a. (b × c) =  1 1 −1  = 4
   
 1 2 3   
   
 1 0 0   3 0 −1 
(Since a = a1 i + a2 j + a3 k)
= |a3 j − a2 k|2 = a23 + a22 46) If the given vectors are coplanar, then their scalar
Similarly, |a × j|2 = a21 + a23 and |a × k|2 = a21 + a22 triple
 product is
 zero.
Hence the required result can be given as 
 2 −1 1 

2(a21 + a22 + a23 ) = 2|a|2 .  
 1 2 −3  = 0 ⇒ λ = −4.
 
 
 
 3 λ 5 
40) We know that (a × b)2 + (a . b)2 = |a|2 |b|2
∴ 144 = 16|b|2 ⇒ |b| = 3. 47) Here [a b c] = 0
The given scalar triple product= k[abc] = 0.
41) Let a unit vector in the plane of 2i + j + k and 48) [a − b b − c c − a] = {(a − b) × (b − c)} . (c − a)
i−j+k = (a × b − a × c − b × b + b × c) . (c − a)
be â = α(2i + j + k) + β(i − j + k) = (a × ab + ca × a + b × c) . (c − a)
â = (2α + β)i + (α − β)j + (α + β)k = (a × b) . c − (a × b) . a + (c × a) . c − (c × a) . a
As â is unit vector, we have = (a × b).c − (a × b).a + (c × a).c − (c × a).a
⇒ (2α + β)2 + (α − β)2 + (α + β)2 = 1 +(b × c).c − (b × c).a
⇒ 6α2 + 4αβ + 3β2 = 1 .....(i) =
As â is orthogonal to 5i + 2j + 6k , we get [a b c] − [a b a] + [c a c] − [c a a] + [b c c] − [b c a] = 0
5(2α + β) + 2(α − β) + 6(α + β) = 0
⇒ 18α + 9β = 0 ⇒ β = −2α 49) (u + v − w) . (u × v − u × w − v × v + v × w)
From (i), we get 6α2 − 8α2 + 12α2 = 1 = (u + v − w) (u × v − u × w + v × w)
1 2 u . (u × v) u . (u × w) v . (u × v)
⇒ α = ± √ ⇒ β = ∓ √ . Thus = − + u . (v × w) +
 10  10 0 0 0
3 1 v . (v × w) w . (u × w)
â = ± √ j − √ k . −v . (u × w) + − w . (u × v) +
10 10 0 0
w . (u × w)
− = u . (v × w) − v . (u × w) − w . (u × v)
0
= [u v w] + [v w u] − [w u v] = u . (v × w).
50) i × j × k = k × k = 0 .