Lab Session 01

Objective:

Introduction to Material Properties involved in Testing Procedures

Mechanical Properties of Metals

A metal can be tested by many of its properties. The most important of all are listed below:

Engineering Stress & Strain

Engineering stress or nominal stress is the applied load divided by the original cross-
sectional area of a material nominal stress while engineering strain or nominal strain is the
amount that a material deforms per unit length in a tensile test.

Shear Stress & Strain

Shear stressԎ is the ratio of shear force applied on a surface divided by the area of the
surface. Shear force is a tangential force applied on the surface that is the force applied along the
surface while Shear strain γ is equal to the length of transverse deformation of the object at its
maximum divided by the perpendicular length in the plane of force application

Modulus of Elasticity

The modulus of elasticity of a material is a measure of its stiffness. It is equal to the stress
applied to it divided by the resulting elastic strain.

Yield Strength

The stress at which a material starts to yield plastically (MPa)

Percentage Elongation Ultimate Tensile Strength

Ductility is the percent elongation reported in a tensile test is defined as the maximum
elongation of the gage length divided by the original gage length.
Percentage Reduction in Area

Reduction of area is the proportional reduction of the cross sectional area of a tensile test
piece at the plane of fracture measured after fracture.

Ductility

The ability of a material to deform under tensile load (% elongation)

Brittleness

The ability of a material to break or shatter without significant deformation when under
stress; opposite of plasticity, examples: glass, concrete, cast iron, ceramics etc.

Hardness

The ability to withstand surface indentation and scratching (e.g. Brinnell hardness
number)

Fatigue
 Maximum stress a material can withstand under repeated loading (MPa)

Creep

The slow and gradual deformation of an object with respect to time

Description

Engineering Stress & Strain:

Engineering stress or nominal stress is the applied load divided by the original cross-
sectional area of a material nominal stress while engineering strain or nominal strain is the
amount that a material deforms per unit length in a tensile test.

Shear Stress & Strain:

Shear stressԎ is the ratio of shear force applied on a surface divided by the area of the
surface. Shear force is a tangential force applied on the surface that is the force applied along the
surface while Shear strain γ is equal to the length of transverse deformation of the object at its
maximum divided by the perpendicular length in the plane of force application

Continue………………………….

Lab Performance (10) Lab Report (10) Viva Voce (10) Signature