HANDOUT 1

Read the definitions of the following words and fill in the blank below.

No. Words Definition

1. Conflict/ˈkɒnflɪkt/ a situation in which people, groups or countries disagree strongly

(n)

2. Greed /ɡriːd/ a strong desire for more wealth, possessions, power, etc. than a person
needs
(n)

3. Struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ to try very hard to do something when it is difficult

(n)

4. Unity /ˈjuːnəti/ the state of being joined together to form one unit
(n)

5. Harmony /ˈhɑːməni/ a state of peaceful existence and agreement

(n)

6. Ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ most extreme; best, worst, greatest, most important

(adj)

7. Property /ˈprɒpəti/ things that are owned by somebody

(n)

8. Critic/ˈkrɪtɪk/ a person who expresses dislike of somebody/something and talks about

their bad qualities, especially publicly
(n)

9. Creep up (ph.V) to gradually increase in amount, price, etc.

10. Utopian /juːˈtəʊpiən/ having a strong belief that everything can be perfect, often in a way that
does not seem to be realistic or practical
(n)

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1. They lived together in perfect …………………. No one witnesses their bitter quarrel.
2. House prices are …………………………..after years of drop.
3. The …………….. of vegetarianism go against the health benefits of vegetables.
4. Be careful not to damage other people's ………………………….
5. If society is to exist as a ……………………………, its members must have shared values.
6. Nothing would satisfy her ………………………. for money. She is rich now but she still
wants more.
7. This race will be the …………………………… test of your skill. Try to prepare carefully.
8. …………………………..society is what many citizens around the world are craving for.
9. Local workers were still ……………………………to find employment.
10. The violence was the result of ……………………………… between husband and wife.

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 HANDOUT 2

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY FOR LINE GRAPH

1. Describing trend
A. UPWARD
Verb Noun
To rise A rise
To increase An increase
(Show) an upward trend
To go up
A growth
To grow
(Show) an upturn
To climb

GO UP A LOT
To surge A surge
To take off An upsurge
To shoot up
To soar
To rocket

B. DOWNWARD:
Verb Noun
To decrease A decrease
To fall A fall
To decline A decline
To drop A drop
To go down A downturn
To slip A slip
To dip A dip

GO DOWN A LOT
To slump A slump
To crash A crash

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 To sink A sink
To plunge A plunge

C. NO CHANGE
Verb Noun
To level off A levelling off

To stabilize A stability
To show elements of stability

To stay/ To remain/ To keep +

constant/ stable/
steady/unchanged/the same level
To plateau/ to reach a plateau at A plateau

D. FLUCTUATION
Verb Noun
Fluctuate A fluctuation
Vary around A Variation
Oscillate An oscillation
Be volatile A period of volatility

E. PEAK & BOTTOM

To peak at
To reach a peak of
To reach the highest point of
PEAK
To shoot up to peak at
To hit a high of

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 To bottom out at
To go all the way down to
To hit a low point/ the lowest point of
BOTTOM
Dive down to a low of
Dip/ sink to the lowest point of…

2.Describing changes

 Adjectives and Adverbs (degree of change = how much)

Degree Adj Adv

Very extensive Dramatic Dramatically
change Enormous Enormously
Tremendous Tremendously
Extensive Substantial Substantially
change Considerable Considerably
Remarkable Remarkably
Significant Significantly
Average change Noticeable Noticeably
Marked Markedly
Moderate Moderately
Small change Slight Slightly
Minimal Minimally
Marginal Marginally

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  Speed of change - used to emphasize a change in the X-axis ( = How
fast)
Adjectives Adverbs
Slow Slowly
Gradual Gradually
Steady Steadily
Sudden Suddenly
Quick Quickly
Rapid Rapidly

NOTE:

 “Soar “and “rocket” là hai động từ rất mạnh mẽ mô tả tăng lên khá cao. “Rocket”
là bất ngờ hơn. Khi sử dụng từ này không cần thêm trạng từ
 “Leap” cho thấy một sự gia tăng lớn và đột ngột. Với động từ này cũng không
cần thêm trạng từ.
 “Climb” là một động từ tương đối trung lập có thể được sử dụng với các trạng từ
bên dưới.
 “Plummet” là từ mạnh nhất để miêu tả sự giảm xuống. Nó có nghĩa là giảm rất
nhanh chóng và một chặng đường dài.
 “Drop” and “Dip” cũng thường được dùng như một danh từ. Ví dụ như “a slight
dip”, “a sudden drop”
 “sudden” and “sharp” có thể được dùng cho những thay đổi nhẹ nhưng diễn ra
đột ngột.
 “spectacular” and “dramatic” là những tính từ mạnh dùng miêu tả những thay
đổi rất rất lớn.
 “marginal” : dùng khi miêu tả sự thay đổi rất nhỏ.
 “upward” and “downward” là những tính từ, trạng từ của nó là “upwards” and
“downwards”