CHAPTER 10: HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES 3) Explain Wurtz reaction with an example.

Wurtz reaction with an example. 10) Haloarenes are less reactive for
Ans: Wurtz reaction is reaction of methyl chloride with nucleophilic substitution reactions. Give
1) Explain SN1 mechanism with suitable example.
sodium metal in dry ether to form ethane reasons.
Ans: The reaction between tert-butyl bromide and CH3-Cl + 2Na + CH3-Cl ⎯⎯⎯ dry ether
→ CH3-CH3 + 2NaCl Ans; (i) Carbon halogen bond gets
sodium hydroxide to form tert-butyl alcohol involves General reaction: partial double bond property due to
SN1 mechanism. resonance and cleavage is difficult.
R-X + 2Na + R-X ⎯⎯⎯
dry ether
→ R-R + 2Nax (ii) Due to sp2 carbon of benzene
This reaction is first order reaction and RATE of carbon-halogen bond is stronger and
reaction depends only on concentration of tert-butyl 4) Explain Wurtz-Fittig reaction with an example. shorter and difficult to break.
Ans: Reaction of methyl chloride with chlorobenzene in (iii) Instability of phenyl cation.
bromide. i.e. rate = k[(CH3)3C-Br]
the presence of sodium and dry ether to form methyl (iv) Repulsion between nucleophile and
(CH3)3C-Br + NaOH ⎯⎯ → (CH3)3C-OH + NaBr benzene (toluene) is called Wurtz-fittig reaction electron rich benzene.
Mechanism: C6H5Cl + 2Na + Cl-CH3 ⎯⎯⎯→
dry ether
C6H5-CH3 + 2NaCl
Step;-1; Formation of carbocation 11) What is chirality?
5) Explain Fittig reaction with an example Ans: The property of a molecule due to
(CH3)3C-Br (CH3)3C+ + Br − which it is non-super imposable on its
Ans: Reaction of chlorobenzene with sodium in dry
Step;-2; Attack of nucleophile to form tert-butyl alcohol ether to form diphenyl is called Fittig reaction mirror image is called chirality.
−
(CH3)3C+ + O H ⎯⎯
→ (CH3)3C-OH Cl + 2Na + Cl ⎯⎯⎯→
dry ether
12) Write any three differences
between SN1 and SN2 reactions.
2) Explain SN2 mechanism with suitable example
6) What are freons? Ans:
Ans: The reaction between methyl chloride and sodium
Ans: The chlorofluorocarbon compounds of methane SN1 SN2
hydroxide to form methyl alcohol involves SN2
and ethane are collectively known as freons. Ex; CCl2F2 1. It is 1. It is bimolecular
mechanism.
unimolecular
CH3Cl + NaOH ⎯⎯ → CH3OH + NaCl 7) Explain Finkelstein reaction with an example
Ans: When methyl chloride or methyl bromide reacts
2. It is two step 2. It is one step
This reaction is second order and RATE depends on
with sodium iodide in dry acetone it form methyl iodide reaction reaction
concentration of both methyl chloride and hydroxide ion.
− CH3-Cl + NaI ⎯⎯ → CH3-I + NaCl 3. It is first order 3. It is second order
i.e. rate = K [CH3Cl][ O H ] reaction reaction
Mechanism; 8) Explain Swarts reaction with an example. 4. Favoured by 4. Favoured by
Attacking of nucleophile to form the bond with carbon Ans: When methyl chloride or methyl bromide reacts polar solvents non-polar solvents
with AgF or Hg2F2 it form methyl fluoride
and breaking of carbon halogen bond take place 13) What is asymmetric carbon or chiral carbon?
simultaneously. This reaction involves inversion in the CH3-Cl + AgF ⎯⎯ → CH3-F + AgCl
Ans: The carbon attached to four different
configuration atoms or group of atoms is called chiral carbon
9) What are Enantiomers?
H Ans: The stereoisomers related to each other as
H H 14) What is racemic mixture?
nonsuperimposable mirror images are called
+ Cl- Ans: The mixture containing two enantiomers in
-
OH + C Cl OH-----C-----Cl
C enantiomers
H HO
equal amounts is called racemic mixture.
H
H H H
H