EPM DEPARTMENT

EPE2020
Assignment 3
CAIRO FACULTY OF
UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING

▪ Name: Omar Mohamed Gamal Taher

▪ Section: 3
▪ Bench number: 8
The transmission line in fig.1 has:
• DC current: I = 10 Amperes.
• Conductivity: σ = 𝟏𝟎𝟕 Siemens. a = 5 cm
b = 7 cm

1st required: The expressions of c = 10 cm

magnetic flux intensity

everywhere:

➢ For r < a:
Ir 𝐫
̅H̅̅̅ø (r) = = u 𝐀⁄𝐜𝐦
̅̅̅
2πa2 𝟓𝛑 ø

➢ For a < r< b:

I 𝟓
̅H̅̅̅ø (r) = = u 𝐀⁄𝐜𝐦
̅̅̅
2πr 𝛑𝐫 ø

➢ For b <r < c:

I c2 − r2 𝟓 𝟏𝟎𝟎 − 𝐫 𝟐
̅H̅̅̅ø (r) = [ ]= [ uø 𝐀⁄𝐜𝐦
] ̅̅̅
2πr c 2 − b 2 𝛑𝐫 𝟓𝟏

➢ For c < r:
̅H̅̅̅ø (r) = 𝐙𝐞𝐫𝐨
2nd required: MATLAB plot for magnetic flux intensity (H)
vs the radius of the conductor (r):

Fig.1 MATLAB code

Fig.2 MATLAB plotting

3rd required: power losses calculation using the pointing
vector theorem:

a. Inner conductor: (r ≤ a)

I
Since J̅ = u
̅̅̅ & J̅ = σE
̅,
2πa z
I Ir
̅=
‫؞‬E ̅=
uz since H
̅̅̅, u
̅̅̅ & S̅ = E
̅xH
̅,
2πσa 2πa ø
I Ir I2
‫ ؞‬S̅ = ( uz x (
̅̅̅) uø ‫ ؞‬S̅ = −
̅̅̅), ∗ r u̅r ,
2π2 σa 2πa 2π2 σa4

‫𝐏؞‬ ̅ ̅̅̅̅
̅ = − ∮ 𝐒. 𝐝𝐒 = ∫ 𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 + ∫ 𝐁𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 + ∫ 𝐒𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚,
z=1 ø=2π I2
̅=∬
‫؞‬P ( ∗ r (−u̅r )) . (a dø dz(u̅r )),
z=0 ø=0 2π2 σa4

I2
̅ = ∬z=1 ø=2π (
‫؞‬P ) dø dz(u̅r ) , ‫̅ ؞‬P =
I2
u̅r ≈ 0.001273 watt/m
z=0 ø=0 2π2 σa2 πσa2

➢ Using 𝐏 = 𝐈𝟐 𝐑:
1 1
Since R = & length = 1m, ‫ ؞‬R = ,
σ x length x area σπa2

I2
‫؞‬P = ≈ 0.001273 watt/m
πσa2

‫؞‬Both will give the same answer.

‫𝑷 ؞‬⁄ 𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟕𝟑⁄ ( 2 ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟑 𝒘⁄ 𝟑

𝒎 𝝅 0.05 𝒎
 b. Outer conductor: (b ≤ r ≤ c)
I
Since J̅ = uz & J̅ = σE
̅̅̅ ̅,
2π(c2 −b2 )

I I c2 −r2
̅=
‫؞‬E ̅=
uz since H
̅̅̅, [ uø & S̅ = E
] ̅̅̅ ̅xH
̅,
2σπ(c2 −b2 ) 2πr c2 −b2

I I c2 −r2
‫ ؞‬S̅ = ( uz x (
̅̅̅) [ ] ̅̅̅),
uø
2σπ(c2 −b2 ) 2πr c2 −b2

I2 c2 −r2
‫ ؞‬S̅ = − ( ∗ ) u̅r ,
2π2 σ(c2 −b2 )2 r

‫𝐏؞‬ ̅ ̅̅̅̅
̅ = − ∮ 𝐒. 𝐝𝐒 = ∫ 𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 + ∫ 𝐁𝐨𝐭𝐭𝐨𝐦 𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐚 +
∫ 𝐈𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 + ∫ 𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞,

➢ For the inner surface: (r = b)

z=1 ø=2π I2 c2 −b2
̅̅̅̅ = ∬
‫ ؞‬P1 (2π2 σ(c2 −b2 )2 ∗ ) . (b dø dz(u̅r )),
z=0 ø=0 b
2
‫̅̅ ؞‬
P1̅̅ = ∬z=1 ø=2π ( 2 I 2 2 ) dø dz(u̅r ) ,
z=0 ø=0 2π σ(c −b )

I 2
‫̅̅ ؞‬
P1̅̅ = u̅ ≈ 0.000624 watt/m
πσ(c2 −b2 ) r

➢ For the outer surface: (r = c)

2 2 −c2
̅ = − ( 2 I2 2 2 ∗ c
‫؞‬S ) u̅r = zero, ‫̅̅ ؞‬
P2̅̅ = zero
2π σ(c −b ) c
I 2
P = ̅̅
‫̅؞‬ P1̅̅ = u̅ ≈ 0.000624 watt/m
πσ(c2 −b2 ) r
 ➢ Using 𝐏 = 𝐈 𝟐 𝐑:
1 1
Since R = σ x length & length = 1m, ‫ ؞‬R = σπ(c2 −b2 ) ,
x area

I2
‫ ؞‬P = πσ(c2 −b2 ) ≈ 0.000624 watt/m

‫ ؞‬Both will give the same answer.

‫𝑷 ؞‬⁄ 𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟒⁄ ( 2 2 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟔 𝒘⁄

𝒎 𝝅 0.1 − 0.07 ) 𝒎𝟑
4th required: Quick field software (DC part)

Fig.3 General properties of the problem

Fig.4 Inner conductor properties

 Fig.5 Insulator properties

Fig.6 Outer conductor properties

Fig.7 Boundary properties

Fig.8 Mesh building

 Fig.9 Magnetic field and its direction (required a)

Fig.10 Poynting vector and its direction (required b)

 Fig.11 Current density (required c)

Fig.12 Field intensity along the radius of the conductor (required d)

Fig.13 Power loss in the inner conductor (required e:1)

Fig.14 Power loss in the outer conductor (required e:2)

 Analytical power loss Simulation power loss
Inner conductor 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎𝟖𝟑 watt/m3 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟖𝟕 watt/m3
Outer conductor 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟗𝟒𝟔 watt/m3 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟗𝟔𝟓 watt/m3

➢ Both results in analytical and simulation almost equal

with very small error (~ 2.5%).
5th required: Same as 4th but at frequency 50 Hz:

Fig.17 General properties of the problem

Fig.18 Magnetic field and its direction (required a)

 Fig.19 Current density (required b)

➢ The current density in case of DC is uniformly

distributed within the conductors.
➢ In case of AC, the current density is not uniformly
distributed within the conductors due to a phenomenon
called the skin effect.
➢ Skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric
current (AC) to become distributed within
a conductor such that the current density is largest near
the surface of the conductor and decreases exponentially
with greater depths in the conductor.