Media and Information Sources

Lesson
Media and Information
6 Sources

Citizens require new competencies (knowledge, skills and attitudes) in order to

participate in and contribute to society. An understanding of these terms is necessary before
engaging and must first of all begin with a clear comprehension of the concept of information.
By that, getting credible and reliable from a reputable source takes a lot of considerations.
This lesson will give us the idea of how important is indigenous media and other sources of
information and the skills on evaluating information.

What I Need to Know

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Identify the different sources of information
2. Compare potential sources of media and information. MIL11/12MIM-
IIIe-13.
3. Determine the accuracy, reliability and value of information by
questioning the source of data, limitations of the information
gathering tools or strategies, and the rationale of the conclusions.
4. Interview an elder from the community regarding indigenous media
and
information resource. MIL11/12MIM-IIIf-14

What I Know
Pretest
Let’s see how much you know before we tackle the lesson. Below is a True
or False test. Write T in the space provided if the statement is true, otherwise F if not.

1. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near
the source and are seldom circulated for profit.
2. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development
because of its direct access to local channels.
3. Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and
education programs that are irrelevant and ineffective.
4. Oral instruction, Records - may be written, carved, or oral , Gatherings and
social organizations and Direct observation are few forms of indigenous media
 5. Indigenous Knowledge is unique to a given culture or society.
6. Library exist because of the birth of printing press.

What’s In
Review

Previously, we discussed about types of media and media effects. By which,

we study how a particular individual is portrayed in public using different type of
media. By which, we noticed that information is available to us in many different
formats.
As a responsible user of media, you should demonstrate an understanding of
the values and differences of the sources of media and information. This lesson
is all about Media and Information Sources. As SHS learner, you need to
examine the reliability, accuracy, value, authority, and timeliness of the different
sources of media and information. Further, you should know how to compare
potential sources of media and information.

What’s New
Activity 6.1 Spot it Out!

What you will do

Read and understand the directions and answer the given activity.
These are news articles, book and magazines by which our current president
was illustrated.

A Published Book A Published Magazine A Published News Article

Retrieved from Retrieved from Retrieved from
https://images-na.ssl-images- https://images.gmanews.tv/webpics/2 https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/2/26/Rodrigo
mazon.com/images/I/71tW3FksbK 016/05/640_Duterte_Time_(1)_2016_ -Duterte-ABS-CBN-
L.jpg 05_14_15_28_35.jpg apology.html?fbclid=IwAR3kN3WokT7wOwVSO4D
Illustrate the differences and similarities between the information gathered in each
source. Write your answer on the space provided.

Similarities Differences

What is It
Discussion

SOURCES OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION

Information can come from virtually anywhere — media, blogs, personal

experiences, books, journal and magazine articles, expert opinions, encyclopedias,
and web pages — and the type of information you need will change depending on the
question you are trying to answer.
But, what was the basis for your choice of information source?
A. Indigenous Knowledge* (IK) is an unconventional source of information. It is also
known as local knowledge. According to Warren (1991), it is the knowledge that is
unique to a given culture or society. It may contrast with the international knowledge
system generated by universities, research institutions and private firms.
Examples for IK: Muyongs : Ifugao’s traditional land-use zoning system.
This knowledge is then be transfer through Indigenous Media(IM).
IM is owned, controlled and managed by indigenous peoples in order for them to
develop and produce culturally appropriate information in the languages understood
by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and resources, reflecting
community needs and interests, visions and aspirations, and independent from vested
interest groups (Indigenous Media, Freedom of Expression and Right to Information:
ASEAN Scenario, 2014).
Indigenous Media’s characteristics are as follows:
 ✓ oral tradition of communication
✓ store information in memories
✓ information exchange is face to- face
✓ information are contain within the border of the community
B. Library*. It is a place in which literary, musical, artistic, or reference materials (such
as books, manuscripts, recordings, or films) are kept for use but not for sale. It existed
because of the birth of the printing press in which it is expected to select and provide
content area which are easy to access. Its main role is to organize and provide access
to information. It is labeled as “steward of good information”. No longer static of limited
to purely collecting physical materials for archiving, but has extended to acquiring new
modes of providing information such as the use of digital sources and facilities that
utilize media.
Types of Library
1. ACADEMIC LIBRARY . It serves colleges and universities.
2. PUBLIC LIBRARY. It serves cities and towns of all types.
3. SCHOOL LIBRARY. It serves students from Kindergarten to Grade 12.
4. SPECIAL LIBRARY- These are in specialized environments, such as hospitals,
corporations, museums, the military, private business, and the government.

C. Internet*. It is a global computer network providing a variety of information and

communication facilities, consisting of interconnected networks using standardized
communication protocols.

Unlike similar information found in newspapers or television broadcasts, information

available on the Internet is not regulated for quality or accuracy; therefore, it is
particularly important for the individual Internet user to evaluate the resource or
information. Keep in mind that almost anyone can publish anything they wish on the
Web. It is often difficult to determine authorship of Web sources, and even if the author
is listed, he or she may not always represent him or herself honestly, or he or she may
represent opinions as fact.

How will you evaluate the information found in the internet?

1. Authorship . It is critical to relate the ideas you find at a site to a particular author,
organization, or business. In this way, there is a degree of accountability for any
of the ideas expressed. Be especially wary of sites in which the author or
sponsoring organization is not clearly stated.
2. Publishing body. Anyone with an Internet Service Provider (AT&T, UP.net,
NMU, etc.) can put up a Web page. As a result, you need to have some idea
 whether the group claiming responsibility for the information on the Web site is
legitimate.
3. Accuracy and Verifiability. A source of information is known to be scholarly
when it provides references to the information presented. In this way, the reader
can confirm whether the information is accurate or the author's conclusions
reasonable. A page without references still may be useful as an example of the
ideas of an individual, organization, or business, but not as source of factual
information.
4. Currency . Some information is very time sensitive. For example, a page talking
about the top rate Web search engines in 1997 is going to be horribly out of
date in 2000. There have been incredible changes in search engine technology
and new developments appear almost monthly. However, a page discussing
the Civil War is likely still relevant today even if the page was created in 1996
and has not been updated. Regardless, a site should always provide some
indication of when the information was created or the site was last updated.

SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION

✓ Check the Author

✓ Check the Date of Publication or of update
✓ Check for Citations
✓ Check the Domain or owner of the site/page.
.com – commercial
. edu - educational
.mil - military
.gov – government
.org - nonprofit organization

SKILLS IN DETERMINING THE ACCURATE INFORMATION

✓ Look for facts.

✓ Cross-reference with other source for consistency.
✓ Determine the reason for writing and publishing the
information.
✓ Check for advertising. Advertisers may use related
information to market their product.
36
Other alternative forms of communication and distribution have become popular. These
include social media, blogs, and flash mob performances. These alternative forms
provide greater freedom and power to ordinary individuals and are a quicker way of
distributing information. The downside is that a lot of the information being passed around
is biased and inaccurate.

What’s New
Activity 6.2 Evaluating Information

What you will do

Read and understand the given news below and answer the follow-up
questions.
This is a news article from CNN Philippine website. Retrieved from
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/6/arrests-over-coronavirus-fake-

news.html
7
Fill out the table

Selection Criteria Questions to ponder Your answer

1. Which of these details can be

verified in other sources?
Reliability 2. Could these details be true?
Why or why not?

3. Which of these facts are

measurable?
Accuracy 4. Is the article written with care?

5. Who would find this article

Value
valuable?

6. Who wrote the article?

Authority 7. Are the sources properly
cited?

Timeliness 8. When was the article written?

What is It
Discussion

ACCURACY, RELIABILITY AND VALUE OF INFORMATION

Although, the value of information would also depend on the need of the user but these are
the key skills to better get the rightful information that you need to:
1. Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and
evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability
of information.
2. Accuracy of information - Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual
data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being
evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data.
Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly
classified, and presented

3. Value of information - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or

improving decisions.
4. Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come from a
8
 primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers,
reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are
considered as having sound authority on the subject.
5. Timeliness - Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time
it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found
accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may become

irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less valuable). Other
information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value
throughout history.

What’s More
Enrichment
Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print, broadcast, and new media
have a wide reach, there are still areas that these forms of media have not reached.
Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and
are seldom circulated for profit. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and
development because of its direct access to local channels.

What you will do

1. Discuss the concepts of

indigenous media and
information by developing a mind
map.
2. Start by defining keywords and
connect it to other terms. If new
related ideas come to mind, write
it on the board and draw a line to
the other ideas related to it.
3. Refer to the given example of a
mind map

What I Have Learned Credits to: Commission on Higher Education, 2016 Teaching
Guide for Senior High School MEDIA AND INFORMATION
Generalization LITERACY.

Complete the sentence stem below. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
It is really difficult to fully determine the reliability, accuracy, value, and timeliness of

9
any information, as well as the authority of the source, literacy in media and information,
benefits from the development of these skills because of the fast access and dissemination of
information.
1. Indigenous Knowledge is

2. Indigenous Media is

3. Library is

4. Internet is

5. Evaluating the information found in the internet includes :

6. Reliability of information is

7. Accuracy of Information is defined as

8. Value of information has to with

9. Authority of the source means

10
10. Timeliness is meet when

What I Can Do
Application

For this week, you will write an essay on the topic “How do people find information that
matches my needs?” and “How do I choose from the wide variety of information made
available by different sources?”.
Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this rubric as a
guide when writing your essay and check it again before you submit your essay.

11