LEARNING RESOURCE

SPA - MEDIA ARTS

ONLINE MEDIA PRESENCE:

NETIQUETTE, CYBER CRIME,
BLOGS, & VLOGS
QUARTER 4 - MODULE 1
LEARNING RESOURCE for MEDIA ARTS
ONLINE MEDIA PRESENCE:
NETIQUETTE, CYBER CRIME, BLOGS, & VLOGS

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency
or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work
for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the
payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this Learning Resource are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Reasonable efforts have been exerted to locate and seek permission
to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts

Development Team of the Learning Resource

Writers: Jag Garcia

Graphic Design: Erika Garalde
Researchers: Jec Catacutan, Tim Rone Villanueva
Management Team: Marichu Tellano and Henrietta Kangleon (NCCA),
Tanya P. Lopez (PerfLab)

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR CULTURE AND THE ARTS
633 General Luna Street, Intramuros, Manila
E-mail: info@ncca.gov.ph
Trunkline: (02) 85272192 • 8527-2202 • 8527-2210 • 8527-2195 to 97
8527-2217 to 18
 FOREWORD

Welcome to this Learning Resource for Media Arts

This Learning Resource was developed by experts from the National Commission
for Culture and the Arts as a reference to aid you in developing rich, meaningful, and
empowering learning in the creative fields. Every effort has been exerted to produce
a Self-Learning Learning Resource that incorporates the most fundamental elements
and principles of each discipline, while providing a spiraled, scaffolded, and multi-
sensory approach to allow you to explore your innate creativity while building discipline
and rigor in your chosen discipline.

Each lecture, activity, or reflection here is designed to be meaningful. Each one

designed to build from the previous one, and each one with the objective of building up
for the next skill or competence. We hope that you will find these activities challenging
but empowering, and that your potential as a Filipino artist and Creative is further
enhanced and inspired.

These Learning Resources take into consideration the various limitations and
challenges brought about by the current situation, and provides you with the flexibility
to manage content and pace to your individual needs while maintaining standards
for creativity, embodying 21st Century skills, and aspiring towards artistic excellence.
Beyond compilations of dry information, these Learning Resources seek to develop
Higher Order Thinking Skills of Analysis, Evaluation, and Creation.

If you are planning to use this Resource as a facilitator or teacher, you are expected to
guide and orient your learners in the proper and efficient use of this Learning Resource.
Most, if not all activities, will entail exploration, investigation, and experimentation, as
such it is imperative that you, as the facilitator, establish the guidelines which will allow
your learners to be creative but within responsible, safe, and academically-sound
limits. Your guidance and mentorship is expected and encouraged throughout the
learning process.

We look forward to your journey as an artist, MABUHAY!

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 INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES

Great day, Learners!!! In this Learning Resource Module, we will be exploring blogs,
vlogs, and other forms of online media broadcasting!

We will begin with a look at netizenship and the responsibilities one has when using,
and placing information, on the internet.

We will then explore creating and maintaining broadcast channels on the internet on
various social media platforms. We will also create, upload, and curate content on
these channels to appeal to our target audiences.

Lastly, we will review our work and weigh these against our values as information
sharers to determine if what we have placed online is for the betterment of others and
does not infringe on others’ rights.

At the end of this module, you will:

1. Understand the nature of responsible netizenship in the context of a media

creator

2. Apply the rules of netizenship, netiquette, and respect for intellectual property
through responsible posting

3. Evaluate online media content to determine aspects such as truth, fairness,

and socio-political agenda

4. Create and curate online content by way of your own blog or vlog

This Learning Resource may be used for, and is applicable to, the following DepEd
Codes:

1. SPA_MA-MB9-IVa-1
2. SPA_MA-MB9-IVa-2
3. SPA_MA-MB9-IVb-3
4. SPA_MA-MB9-IVb-c-4
5. SPA_MA-MB9-IVd-e-5
6. SPA_MA-MB9-IVf-6
7. SPA_MA-MB9-IVf-g-7
8. SPA_MA-MB9-IVh-8
9. SPA_MA-MB9-IVi-j-9

So, if you are ready, we are definitely ready! Let’s begin!!!

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 CONTENT & ACTIVITIES

REVIEW
PRINCIPLES OF MEDIA LITERACY

With the amount of information available to us today Media and Information Literacy is vital. Image from Museum
of Australian Democracy

Many things online are not actually true. Many websites, blogs, and “games” are
actually ways through which lies, confusion, hate, and violence are being spread.
Many websites are also used for cybercrimes such as phishing, identity theft, and
harassment.

Before starting off on this module it is important that we review the principles of media
literacy. Since we are going to be creating content for the internet, it is crucial that we
understand the responsibility this brings.

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The Principles of Media Literacy state that:

1. All Messages are Created

Messages do not exist by themselves; they have to be created. All messages

that are being sent to a receiver have first to be created by the sender; this
can be a written message, electronic or via online media, or even a voice
message such as shouting or talking.

2. All Messages Use Codes and Conventions

Whether they’re the letters or characters used, the language, or even whether
text appears left-to-right or right-to-left, all messages are sent using a system
of codes. Likewise how we understand these messages, or what they mean
to us, are decoded and understood through a system of conventions that we
adopt from learning or from the world around us.

3. People Interpret Messages Differently

Depending on so many outside factors such as social influence, literacy,

upbringing, culture, or even nationality, how people interpret messages will
differ. Not only will people interpret messages differently, they will also react
to them in different ways. This is important to note when creating messages
for a wide audience.

4. All Messages Affect Attitudes and Behaviors

Messages always trigger a response in a receiver. If you give a command,

they can choose to follow or not. If you ask for help, they can choose to
respond or not. Whatever the message, it triggers a response both their mind
(attitude) and behavior (body) – which may or may not be the intention of the
message.

5. All Messages Have Economic or Political Power

Messages from a sender always have something to do with economics

(money) or politics (dominance). They are always trying to either gain a
greater advantage or dominance over the receiver (e.g. a not from a teacher),
maintain the existing relationship between sender and receiver (e.g. a Twitter
message to a friend), or submission to a higher or more dominant entity (e.g.
replying to your boss’s email).

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REVIEW ACTIVITY: MEDIA LITERACY REVIEW

1. Go online and search out the websites of two or more news and newspaper
organizations in the Philippines; do this on the same day

2. Compare and contrast their headlines; what are the top stories on the site?
What are they about?

3. Look for secondary stories on the home page, what articles and stories
are being promoted or highlighted? Are some sectors (e.g. Entertainment)
more dominant than others (e.g. Foreign news)?

4. Make a rough survey of the advertising on the page. How much space is
dedicated to advertising versus the content? What are the predominant
ads on this site?

5. Discuss your views with your peers; make an opinion on the news site and
what its priorities or biases are.

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 LESSON 1
RESPONSIBLE NETIZENSHIP AND NETIQUETTE

We pretty much already “live” online and almost everyone on earth has become a “netizen”. It is important that
we know how to behave properly when online. Photo by StartupStockPhotos CC-by

A Netizen is a person who uses the internet as a way of participating in society.

This means he or she shares or retrieves views and opinions, information, and/or
participates in some socio-political activities such as voting in polls, giving a political
view, or even just showing support for a group or sector.

It is a portmanteau (word combination) of “Internet” and “Citizen”. In effect, a netizen is

a person who “lives” or “exists” in the internet the same way a citizen is a person who
lives and exists within a country or territory.

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Netiquette, on the other hand, is a portmanteau of “Internet” and “Etiquette” and is a
code for polite and proper behavior on the internet and other online forums. Not just
for chat rooms and websites, netiquette covers other aspects of the internet such as
email, social media, games, and even text messages.

Growing up in the Philippines, or in a Filipino household, we have had to abide by several

social norms and etiquette rules. These can include how we address elders and other
individuals, how we act in public or at the dining table, and how we behave in churches,
public transport, or at other peoples’ houses. Being a virtual “place”, the internet has
developed its own rules of etiquette that have been generally adopted by netizens
around the world; breaking or violating these rules can result in miscommunications or
get you reprimanded, reported to administrators, or even rejected by other netizens.

Proper netiquette helps avoid conflict, misunderstandings, and ensures that everyone is able to enjoy the online
experience better. Image by Nicola Giordano, CC0

Some common rules of netiquette are:

1. Make sure you identify who you are addressing your messages to. begin
messages with the name of the person or group you are talking to, this will
ensure that messages are received by those you intend to send it to (e.g. “Hi,
James!” or “Dear Media Arts Faculty”)

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2. Review what you wrote. it is very difficult or sometimes impossible to “unsend”
a message, and this may lead to problems or miscommunication. Check your
messages for content, spelling, grammar, and how you are saying things.
Remember ALL CAPS on the internet means you are shouting and using
multiple exclamation points !!!!!! may make it look like you are angry or very
emotional about something.

3. If you can’t say it to people’s faces, don’t say it online. If there is something
that you are trying to say but cannot or will not say it to a person’s face, then
don’t say it on the internet. The same goes for humor or sarcasm; remember
that most internet communication is textual, this means that elements of face
to face communication such as facial expressions, body language, and tone of
voice do not translate easily for all to see.

4. Don’t spam. Avoid repeated or multiple messages that push your political,
ideological, or religious views on others, especially on a public forum. Others
may have other views and they are entitled to those views whether you agree
with them or not; likewise, there are channels online where you may place your
personal views and others are free to choose to follow, listen, or ignore you.

5. Use emojis. Because it is difficult to express human emotion via text messages,
using emojis and emoticons help contextualize your facial expressions or
moods. Do not over-use emojis, though! Use them to enhance your message,
do not hide your message in too many emojis.

6. Respect Privacy. The internet is a very public place, and it is too easy to share
your or other people’s information; and information is very important online. Be
careful with people’s personal information such as email and home addresses,
whole names, ages, or other information. The same goes for their person such
as face, body, or identifying marks (such as tattoos). Respecting others’ privacy
also means you maintaining a sense of privacy and modesty; over-sharing your
information, life, body, or likeness can be used against you by online predators.

7. Fact Check! There is too much information online, and in many cases, these
bits of information are false or misleading. Do not contribute to the problem and
make sure you fact check before reposting!

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 8. Use respectful language. Just like in real life, using foul or hateful language is
uncalled for. Choose how and what you say things. The internet is forever. Many
people have lost their jobs or were not hired for a job because of something foul
or hateful they posted online.

9. Answer emails and texts promptly. Just like in real life, people who ask expect
some sort of answer. Be courteous by providing an answer to these emails or
questions, even if it just a reply acknowledging receipt of the message.

10. Know who’s reading/ watching. In a private communication between you and
a friend, you may choose to have inside jokes or use your own secret language,
but what about in a more public forum or chatroom? Making people feel out of
place or excluded can lead to resentment or miscommunication. Before posting,
understand the type of people who may be reading these messages, and adjust
your language to be appropriate, polite, and respectful to as many people as
possible.

ACTIVITY 1: NETIQUETTE

Review the above rules and reflect on them. Ask yourself: have you followed
some of these? All of these? None of these? Why or why not? How do you plan
on changing your behavior?

Go online to your favorite social media platform. Look at your previous posts and
posts of your friends. Look at the interaction, language, and form of communica-
tion. Was it respectful and polite? Did you (or they) use hateful or foul language?
Did you share things that were false, fake, or disrespectful of others?

Try to delete negative posts or those you regret posting; and be a better netizen
in future posts.

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 LESSON 2
CYBERCRIMES AND ONLINE CRIMINALITY

Cybercrime is a serious and pressing threat not just to big corporations but to ordinary people as well. Image by
B_A, CC0

Cybercrimes are illegal or criminal activities that either targets or uses a computer, a
computer network, or a device connected to a computer network. They are carried out
by individuals or organizations who want to make money or benefit from the information
they steal on the internet.

Some cybercriminals are highly organized, are highly skilled, and use advanced
techniques; others are amateur hackers that are just causing trouble or playing pranks
on others.
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Hacking is the process of exploiting flaws in a computer system or network. The hacking
we see portrayed in movies and television where a computer expert gets past security
systems or shuts down banks is called “blackhat hacking”; this type of hacking is
illegal in over 150 countries around the world. Ethical or professional hacking is called
“Whitehat hacking” and is done when companies or organizations hire professionals to
hack into their systems to test network security and find problems with their systems.
Ethical hackers are known and certified by international organizations and agencies.

Among the most common cybercrimes are:

• Email and internet fraud – using

fake emails or websites to steal
money or information from you

• Phishing – pronounced “fishing”,

is pretending to be a legitimate
bank, person, or business with the
intention of gathering information
that is later used to steal or commit
other crimes

• Identity theft – where personal

information such as full name,
address, photos, and the like are
stolen and used by other people
Phishing emails can look legitimate and if you are
not careful can be easily fooled into putting in your
• Theft of financial or credit card information. Remember: banks will not threaten you
data – stealing bank information or with suspension in this manner. Photo from Twitter

other pieces of information that can

be used to use your money

• Cyberespionage – hacking into and stealing company or government

information

• Cyberextortion or Ransomware attacks – holding computer systems,

networks, or resources hostage in exchange for money

• Cyberviolence – threats to person or property done via the internet such as

social media posts or private messages. These can include death threats,

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 threats of bodily harm, or being subject to non-consensual sexual content
(photographs, text, or sexual innuendo)

• Cyber Harassment – using the internet and social media to bring repeated
and continuous negative attention to an individual or business. Cancel
Culture has led to and can be seen as an aspect of this cybercrime

• Cyberbullying – using the internet to intentionally make a person feel

scared, afraid, inferior, and/or sad. These can include hateful messages and
speech, social media posts, online humiliation, or spreading rumors about
the person.

• Intellectual Property Theft/ Copyright Infringement/ Digital Piracy –

duplication, use, and redistribution of copyrighted intellectual property without
due permission from the owner. This is most commonly seen in art works,
photographs, films, and music.

Of the heavy cybercrimes listed, students and ordinary people tend to commit
cyberbullying, cyberviolence, and cyber harassment the most. According to a 2019
UNICEF study, cyberviolence (and harassment and bullying) affect an alarming 44%
of males and females aged 13-17 years old.

The Philippine Cybercrime Law

In 2014 President Benigno Aquino III signed into law Republic Act 10175 or The
Cybercrime Prevention Act. The law entirely addresses crimes committed against and
through the computer system “such as offenses against the privacy, confidentiality,
integrity, and availability of computer data and systems, computer-related offenses,
and content-related offenses.” (Gravino and Villanueva, 2021)

Under the Cybercrime Law the following offenses are defined and penalized with fines
and/or imprisonment:

• Illegal access (e.g. hacking)

• Illegal interception (e.g. spying or diverting information)

• Data Interference (e.g. stopping information or systems from working)

• System Interference (e.g. tampering with computer systems)

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 • Misuse of Devices (e.g. using devices to commit illegal acts)

• Cyber Squatting (registering names of well-known companies and reselling it to

them for a profit)

• Computer-related forgery (e.g. creating fake documents)

• Computer-related Fraud (e.g. phishing and email fraud)

• Computer-related Identity Theft

• Cybersex (e.g. online sex shows or chats)

• Child Pornography

• Unsolicited Commercial Communications (e.g. spam emails)

• Libel (e.g. posting something untrue that damages a person’s reputation)

• Aiding or abetting in the Commission of Cybercrime

• Attempt in the Commission of Cybercrime

Likewise, there are other laws that

help protect citizens from exploitation,
harassment, invasion of privacy, and
violence on the internet, among these
are RA9995 or Anti-Photo and Video
Voyeurism Act of 2009 which penalizes
the taking and distribution of another
person’s photo or video of sexual or
private nature, or in a sexual or private
act without that person’s express
consent. Even if the photo or video was
not distributed online or for profit, the
mere showing or display of the material
to another person (e.g. showing it to
someone else via phone) is already Aside from online scams, capturing, using, and
distributing another person’s image without their consent
punishable by law. is punishable by law. Photo by Tom Sodoge, CC-BY

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Another law that protects citizens online is The Safe Spaces Act or RA11313. Formally
titled An Act Defining Gender-Based Sexual Harassment in Streets, Public Spaces,
Online, Workplaces, Educational or Training Institutions, this law protects individuals
from unwanted, uninvited, or unwarranted sexual actions (e.g. touching) or remarks
(e.g. catcalls) regardless of their gender identity (straight, gay, transexual, etc.). Similar
to the Cybercrime and Voyeurism Acts, this law establishes protection and penalties
against using the internet or other online medium as a way to sexually or physically
abuse a person.

Cybercrimes are all over the place, and in most cases, are hidden behind innocent- or
harmless-looking games, websites, and emails. Vigilance and care are essential in
protecting yourself and your contacts from being victimized.

The following are some tips for increasing your level of protection:

1. Use a legitimate and powerful anti-virus package. Most reliable anti-virus

software have full-featured packages that protect your computer and network
from online threats; they usually are paid services, but the cost is very low
compared to the protection you get.

2. Use strong passwords. Use complex words, combinations of numbers,

upper-case, and symbols, and avoid obvious combinations such as birthdays,
anniversaries, and sequential characters like 12345. Have at least 10 characters
in your password.

3. Secure your social media. Look at your privacy settings closely, avoid setting
defaults to “public”, and do not publicly display key information such as mother’s
maiden name, addresses, phone numbers, or the like; be careful when posting
things like credit cards, ATM numbers, and delivery addresses.

4. Be careful what you click! Innocent-looking games like face-swaps, birthday

quizzes, winning raffles, and letters from Nigerian princes are all scams
designed to steal your information and data.

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 5. Download with care! Computer viruses, spyware, and malware can be easily
transferred to your phone or computer using downloaded files. If you do not
recognize the file format DO NOT DOWNLOAD or CLICK it, likewise, only
download apps from reputable sources such as Google PlayStore, Apple Store,
or Windows Store.

6. THINK, THINK, THINK! Legitimate businesses such as banks, credit card

companies, online stores, and the like will not send you a random email
telling you to send private information such as One-Time-Passwords, credit
card numbers, or passwords. They already have this information. Emails or
messages asking you this are usually the work of criminals. BE SMART and do
not believe everything you see online.

Reporting Cybercrimes and Online Crimes Against Individuals

When reporting cybercrimes to the

Philippine National Police (PNP) or the
National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
it is best to secure evidence in the form
of screen captures, printouts, and/or
recordings (please note there are laws
on anti-wiretapping and recording).

If you are a victim, or may know someone

who is a victim of a cybercrime, you may contact these agencies (information current
as of Feb 2022)

• PNP’s Anti-Cybercrime Group e-complaint desk https://acg.pnp.gov.ph/

eComplaint/

• Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center https://cicc.gov.ph/filing-a-

complaint/submit-a-cyber-complaint/

• PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group and Women and Children Cyber Protection Unit
pnpacg.wccpu@gmail.com

• Department of Justice cybercrime@doj.gov.ph and https://www.doj.gov.ph/

reporting_cybercrime.html

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 • NBI Directory of Investigative Services http://nbi.gov.ph/services/investigation-
services/

• NBI Anti-Cybercrime https://m.facebook.com/NBI-Philippines-Anti-

Cybercrime-1920191171392525/

ACTIVITY 3: CYBERCRIMES

Cybercrimes are currently one of the biggest threats to peace and order in the
world.

Watch the I-Witness documentary “Hacker” by Sandra Aguinaldo https://www.

youtube.com/watch?v=qXYFoBGWoO8

Reflect on the events that happened. In a notebook, blog post, or discussion forum,
discuss your thoughts on the nature of cybercrimes in the Philippines. What do
you feel about it? Are you or have you unknowingly contributed to the spread of
cybercriminality in the country?

After this, watch the ABC News documentary on the “Tinder Swindler” and how a
woman was swindled out of $200,000 by a man she met on the dating app Tinder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbhsxGSHUc8

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 LESSON 4
COPYRIGHT AND FAIR USE

Photos, videos, songs, music, and even computer programs are all intellectual properties protected by copyrights
and copyright laws. Photo by Lester Cristal, used with permission.

Copyrights basically mean the set of rights and privileges that a person holds to
exclusively use or do something with an image, work, song, or creation. Basically, if
you created it, you can do whatever you want with it: sell it, display it, duplicate it, or
destroy it. Of course, if you don’t own the copyright, then you don’t have the legal
right to do whatever you want with an image. It is your responsibility as a user to figure
out what you can or can’t do with an image.

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In the Philippines the law states that if you create something, you automatically own
the copyright, and no one else has the right to use your work without your permission.
If you work for a company that has hired you to create something for them (e.g. as a
photographer or layout artist) and you are being paid to take or create images, then
that company will own the copyright.

Purchasing usage rights to use a photograph, song, film clip, or similar item can be
expensive. Stock image websites such as Shutterstock allow users to purchase rights
for images and video clips.

Another way to legally access media files is to look for Creative Commons
Licenses. Creative Commons is a nonprofit organization founded in the United
States by Lawrence Lessig in 2001. The idea of Creative Commons is that a person
who owns the copyright to an image may allow someone else to using it, but only
under certain conditions. For example, if I take a picture with my camera and I post
it to my blog, I own the copyright to that image. Now, if someone comes to me and
says: “can I use your image for a billboard?” I can say, “sure, but just don’t sell the
image directly, and be sure you give me credit for taking the photo.”
In this sample, I still own the copyright, but I’m allowing someone else to use it under
certain guidelines. Websites like Unsplash and Pixabay have a lot of high-quality
images that are under a Creative Commons License.

The Creative Common Licenses are:

CC0 or “Public Domain” are works that are free to use regardless of purpose; there
is usually no need to attribute it to the author or owner (although that is always a good
thing to do.) Public Domain images and works are those produced by the government,
whose copyrights have expired, or whose owners have relinquished their rights to the
property.

Somewhere between copyright restricted works (“all rights reserved”) and Public
Domain works is a much-abused term called “Fair Use”. Fair Use means that you can
use a copyrighted image or work without permission or Creative Commons licensing,
but only if you are using the image “fairly,” this means that it is for non-personal and
non-commercial use. This means that images may be used in education (as a teacher

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or student), in critique (e.g. a movie review website), or in a news broadcast. Again, it
is always proper to cite the source properly! Using CTTO (credit to the owner) is NOT
a proper citation and you are still liable for copyright infringement.

The image on the next page was created by Curtis Newbold and is a great resource to
understand if you may or may not use an image in your work.

ACTIVITY 4: CREATIVE COMMONS

Go online to Pixabay.com or Unsplash.com and open a free account. Explore

the different types of images and online resources available on those websites.
Search for images that are relevant to this topic (you will see some of them used
in this LRM); try finding other images for your other assignments.

Make a list of websites that offer free-to-use images, videos, and sounds for future
projects

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21
 LESSON 5
BLOGS & VLOGS

The mobile swipe, swipe gallery, or animated slideshow is one form of rich media used to create greater interac-
tivity and engagement. In this sample, the gallery offers a choice of photographs without changing layout. From
AdMix.Blog.

When the internet and webpages began to gain popularity in the mid-1990s a large
amount of the available content was text-based. Yes, webpages contained images,
photographs, and graphics, but most interactivity was only through links to other pages
or sections. Slowly web developers began to integrate animation and more interactive
elements. This gave users a greater engagement with the webpage and the person or
business publishing it.

Today we take many of these elements for granted: links, video, animations, graphics,
applets, and sign-up and survey forms among many others.

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“Rich Media” was the term that was given to these elements that brought greater
interactivity and engagement to webpages. Rich Media can be defined as “a broad
range of interactive digital media that exhibit dynamic motion, taking advantage of
enhanced sensory features such as video, audio, and animation.” Advertising and
marketing make use of a lot of rich media nowadays. They create bigger impacts
with their markets, capture the attention of potential customers, and create better
engagement and interaction with their audiences.
Different types of rich media content might include:

• Videos and animations

• Animated GIFs

• Instagram stories

• Podcasts

• Content narration audio

• Infographics

• Live camera feeds and streams

• Animated banners and slideshows

Among the platforms that benefit from adding rich media to their content are blogs
and vlogs. Bloggers will usually add or embed videos into their blog content to make it
more interesting; often blog entries have “share” buttons that make it easier for readers
to distribute the content outside of the author’s network. Vloggers, on the other hand,
integrate “cards” into their videos – these are interactive links and graphics that do
things like subscribe to the channel or provide another of the author’s video contents.

A recent development that is gaining a lot of popularity is live streaming. This is the
process of broadcasting a video or audio activity live over the internet. The most
common version of this are live game streamers that broadcast their video games
live for others to watch and interact with; it can also be other things such as makeup
tutorials, interviews, concerts, and even travels. Live streaming can be very engaging
because the author sees comments and messages from the audience live, and will
usually answer them live as well.

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Live game streaming has become a very popular platform for content creators. Live streaming allows the author
to interact live with his or her audiences. This is a live game stream from popular streamer Yve Scarlett on Fb.gg/
citealights

Blogs and Vlogs

The term “Blog” comes from

the term “web log” and is a
regularly updated website
that contains self-published
information or thoughts.
Blogs began in the 1990s and
gained popularity when web
publishing tools became more
accessible to the ordinary
person. Many people started
blogs as a sort of “online
diary” which recorded their
Yugatech is one of the Philippines’ top blogs and employs a staff of daily lives and experiences.
writers that review technology and other lifestyle products. From
Yugatech.com
Today blogs have become a
major source of information and communication for many people. There are blogs for
different topics such as technology, fashion, art, politics, and even hobbies such as
farming, cooking, and painting. A person who runs or produces content for a blog is
called a “blogger”.
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“Vlogs” evolved from the blog and was coined from the terms “video” and “blog”. A vlog
(or video blog) became possible when digital video technology became more accessible
(cheaper) to the ordinary person and when internet and computer technologies made
it easier to host and stream high-quality video content. A person who produces video
blogs is called a “vlogger”.

Although both vlogs and blogs are user-generated content and deal with a wide range
of topics, how and where they’re produced and managed differs greatly. The table
below illustrates some basic differences between blogs and vlogs.

Blogs are often used for textual and Vlogs are used for videos, animations,
visual content like text, GIFs, pictures, and other audiovisual content.
and many more.
Most of the time, blogs are hosted on Vlogs are usually hosted on YouTube,
platforms such as Joomla, WordPress, Vimeo, Dailymotion, Facebook, and
Blogger, Drupal, and many more. other video websites capable of
streaming or broadcasting audio.
Blogs were first initiated in 1990 and Vlogs started in 2000, but after
became popular in 2003. 2004 they became very popular and
commonplace.
Maintenance for blogs is relatively Vlog hosting can be free or inexpensive,
cheap, usually just costing the domain but buying equipment such as a good
and hosting fees. Most of the time blogs camera, microphone, tripods, and a
can be hosted for free. computer capable of video editing is
usually large expenses.
Blogs cannot, in general, stream or Vlogs using platforms like Facebook,
show live events. “Microblogging” sites YouTube, or a streaming server are able
like Twitter are usually used to post or to broadcast events live as they happen.
broadcast moment-by-moment events This happens a lot during concerts and
as they happen. news events.
Blogs usually have a smaller audience Vlogs tend to attract greater audiences,
than vlogs but these audiences are but these audiences do not necessarily
usually more engaged or finish the experience all the vlogger’s content.
whole content provided.

Regardless of their differences for Blogs and Vlogs interesting and engaging content
is important if you wish to attract and retain a regular audience. Many individuals from
all around the world earn a very good amount of money from publishing their blogs
and vlogs. Revenue is generated from ads that appear on the blog sites, sponsorships

25
and endorsements from brands and
businesses, and they also get talent fees
from making appearances, reviews, and
guestings on TV and live events.

Some Filipino bloggers and vloggers that

are celebrities in their own rights include
Ninong Ry, (Anton Diaz) Our Awesome
Planet, Jackie Go (GoJackieGo), and
Erwan Huessaff, among so many others.
“Ninong Ry” rose to fame in 2020 with his quirky, funny,
and interesting take on Filipino dishes. From Ninong Ry
on YouTube

ACTIVITY 5: THE MODERN CREATURES

The Modern Creatures is a technology and lifestyle blog run by the young husband
and wife team of Kevin and Vikka. They review phones, computers, games, and
even cars. Their blog is a great example of how rich media is used to make their
content interesting and engaging.

1. Go to www.themoderncreatures.com and browse the different articles in

the blog site

2. Notice the different rich media elements they’ve integrated into their articles
and website; what are they and how do they enhance the experience?

3. The website also features video content: how does the video material
complement (or remove from?) the text content?

4. Make your reflections in a blog entry and try to incorporate some rich media
content into your own post

26
How to Create Your Own Blog

A website is generally static in

nature, with information that is
designed to remain available for
an extended amount of time (e.g.
a government website); blogs,
on the other hand, are dynamic
and have content that is updated
regularly or on a daily basis.
Setting up your first blog is not difficult and there are numerous
tutorials and resources available online. This image is from one of The most common types of blogs
those resource sites The Blog Starter at theblogstarter.com
are:

• Personal blogs - a personal blog can be about your hobbies, passions, political
views, or a cause that they support. You can write about anything in a personal
blog just like you would in a personal diary or journal.

• Business blogs - business bloggers write on the topic related to the work they
do for a living to generate more leads and reach potential customers. Unlike
personal blogs, business blogs contain are more professionally written.

• Niche blogs – (pronounced “neesh”) Niche blogs target specific topics instead
of covering a set of different topics. Topics can range from car racing, to baking,
to politics, to games, or to anything you are passionate about. A niche blog is a
perfect way to start as a professional blogger.

• Affiliate blogs - Affiliate blogs are built to generate commission for the blogger
through an arrangement with brands and businesses. This happens when an
affiliate blogger writes product reviews and asks their readers to purchase those
products through their affiliate links. Once a transaction is made, the blogger
gets a small commission or profit from the transaction.

27
Now that you have an idea of what the
different types of blogs are available, it’s
time to get started in producing one.

Step 1: Pick a Niche (topic) for your

blog
Begin by making a list of all of the topics
that interest you, excite you, and make
you want to talk about them. There
are no restrictions in this list – you can
include any personal, secret, or even
weird interest in this list.

You can help this by thinking of things

that you enjoy doing in your spare time
(e.g. are you an amateur photographer? Blog about what you’re passionate about. Laura
Chouette on unsplash.com
A painter? Singer?).

You may also consider all of the things that you would like to learn (e.g. do you want
to learn how to bake cakes? Grow flowers? Raise fish in a pond?).

Then try to look back and forward through your life at all of your plans and projects (e.g.
do you plan to go back to college? What plans do you have for work or the future?)

ACTIVITY 6A: THE TOPIC

Create a list of possible topics, use the section above as a guide to generate
your list. Be honest with yourself and choose topics you are familiar with and
comfortable writing.

Do not list items that you are not familiar with because this will make the writing
process difficult.

28
Step 2: Choose a Blogging Platform

Once you have your topic you have to choose the platform you will host your blog on.
Blogging platforms are online systems that enable authors to publish articles which
can be delivered through stand-alone websites, email, and social networks.

The most common blogging platform is WordPress; it offers a lot of powerful

customization and tracking features that allow users to gain important information
about their readers, and how much of their content is being read. WordPress is a
professional blogging platform used by
most professional bloggers, but others
use systems such as Blogger and Tumblr.

WordPress, Bloggr, and Tumblr all offer

free plans, but these are limited or have
limitations such as the domain name
(e.g. mymomsblog.wordpress.com).

ACTIVITY 6B: THE PLATFORM

Create a free account on a blogging platform; enter the name of the blog and some
basic information. Free blog platforms include:

• WordPress (www.wordpress.com)

• Blogger (www.blogger.com)

• Tumblr (www.tumblr.com)

29
Step 3: Set Up the Theme

With millions of blogs online, it’s important to look enticing and interesting to your
potential readers. Themes are sets of colors and layouts that give your blog a certain
look and identity. Your first-time readers will notice the overall appearance of your blog
long before they read the content. Select a theme that looks great, but also works for
your specific needs, mood, or topic.

Blog platforms offer a wide range of free (and paid) templates and themes. It can be
a fun (but confusing) activity to choose a theme that suits your taste. Some tips for
selecting themes:

a. Read the description – Most themes come with a short description of features
and design. Reading this can help you to determine if the theme fits your needs.

b. Preview the theme – Preview the theme to see the overall look, layout, and
how customizable it is.

c. Check the ratings – Star ratings by other users give you a clear idea of how
good the theme is.

If you can’t find a theme that you really love, don’t worry. Choose one that you like,
and then you can always customize it in the future.

This is the theme gallery for the blog platform Blogger,

there are options to choose from different pre-set
themes and layouts, and also allows you to customize
it with your own images and text. Remember to
preview themes before applying them to see what they
will look like with your content. From Blogger.com

30
ACTIVITY 6C: THE THEME

On your blog account, choose or customize a theme. Choose a theme that is

visually interesting, but also represents your chosen blog topic or niche. You can
also search online for compatible themes – many of which are free to use!

1. Search the theme gallery for a theme that fits you and your blog

2. Test or demo the theme by clicking “demo” or “preview”

3. When you’ve settled on a theme, follow the instructions or tutorials provided

by the platform to install the themes

Step 4: Set Up Pages

Platforms like WordPress

differentiate from “posts” and
“pages”. Posts are the individual
blog content you publish on a
regular basis. Pages are where
these posts are hosted or seen;
you can also set up other pages to
complete your blogsite and direct
viewers to specific sections.
Here you can see how this blog is subdivided into different pages:
home, features, interior design, etc. Here the author is able to
Common pages include: organize her postings and also lead viewers to specific parts that
may be of interest to them. From Top 20 WordPress Themes at
• HOME – your front or athemes.com

landing page where people will usually go first. This is usually the page where
your content is seen by viewers

• ABOUT – an information page about you, your business, and/or your blog. This
is a good page to have to provide information that does not change very often.

• CONTACT US – a page that allows viewers to contact you or your business.

This can be simply some contact information such as an email address, or it
can be a chatbot or information sheet they can fill in.

31
Once your pages are set up, you are ready for the next step!

ACTIVITY 6D: PAGES

Set up your pages on your blogging platform. This does not have to be complicated,
and the previously mentioned 3 common pages are a great place to start

Follow the tutorials on your chosen platform if some parts are confusing.

Writing a good blog entry takes some practice but everyone can do it! Start by organizing your thoughts then start
writing. Photo by Stocksnap on pixabay.com

Step 5: Write and Publish!

Now that your blogsite is ready, it’s time to put in content! “Content” is defined as
material that your users or viewer will find valuable or are able to interact with. Photos
and graphics and backgrounds are part of your theme, but it is the content (articles,
reviews, products, etc.) that your audiences will come to see over and over again. It’s
important that you have good content!

32
When developing or writing, it’s good to follow these steps:

i. Plan your blog post by choosing a topic for that article or post, create an
outline, conduct some research on the topic, and check your facts (if you’re
posting facts or information). Determine first what you plan to say and how
you plan to say it.

ii. Construct a headline that is both informative and will capture readers’
attentions. Be careful that you do not exaggerate or create “click bait”
headlines, it’s not a good thing to do and will turn audiences off from visiting
you in the future.

iii. Write your post; you can try writing a draft first or gradually build your
article over several sessions. Good blog entries need time and are rarely
“good” on the first attempt.

iv. Use images to enhance your post. You can also use images to improve the
flow, add humor, reinforce your thoughts, or explain complex topics.

v. Edit your blog post. Be diligent in making sure your post is clean and
does not contain errors. Check grammar and spelling. Avoid repetition,
read your post aloud to check its flow, or have someone else read it and
provide feedback, keep sentences and paragraphs short, and don’t be a
perfectionist, don’t be afraid to delete text or adapt your writing last minute.

ACTIVITY 6E: WRITE!

Create your first blog post! Write about something related to your blog topic, it’s
best to talk about something you’re familiar with. Remember, you want to attract
a regular audience.

Writing about something you know about makes the writing process easier and
more natural.

When you’re done writing the draft and adding images (and links, and videos, and
other rich media) don’t forget to publish it!

33
Step 6: Promote Your Blog

A blog entry is dead if nobody knows about

it. There are numerous ways of getting
your message out there. Advanced users
and professionals use what is called
SEO or Search Engine Optimization
which is a process of improving your blog
site to increase its visibility when people
search for related products and services
It’s important to get the word out about your blog. Most
on search sites such as Google or Bing. blog platforms automatically add a share button or a
share panel such as this one above. You just need to set
This is done by embedding metadata in up your social networks in the Setup section.

the blog entries that consist of key words that the author feels will cause or generate
“hits” from a search engine and place it towards the top of an internet search.

You can do this easily on some blog platforms by inputting keywords that you want
associated with your post. For example, a blog entry that posts a review about a
Spiderman movie could use keywords such as “Spiderman”, “Marvel”, and “movie
review”.

Even without SEO you can generate traffic to your blog by promoting it on social media.
Using platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok you can promote
your content and add links that will give viewers a chance to visit your blog site.

ACTIVITY 6F: GO PUBLIC

Using your existing social media platforms, generate traffic to your blog by posting
about it or sharing the link to Facebook or Twitter (you can do this from the blog
platform).

If you get comments, don’t forget to interact with your viewers, it’s a great way to
develop a steady audience.

Even after this activity, continue to write and post new articles on a regular basis
– blogging is a great activity to process your thoughts and to even make money!

34
How to Create Your Own Vlog

Vlog is a type of blog where most or all of the content is in a video format or uses a
video file or recording to deliver content (e.g. an animation). Vlog posts are usually
made by creating a video of yourself where you talk on a particular subject such as
reviewing a product or demonstrating a particular skill or process.

Vlogs can be of almost any topic, but the

most popular types of vlogs are:

• Beauty

• Gaming

• Travel

• Technology

• Health and fitness

• Cooking
Daddy Does Dishes is a food and lifestyle vlog that
• Do-it-yourself teaches viewers how to make their own fun food items in
a fun and entertaining manner. From YouTube
• Lifestyle

Although vlogs are generally more popular than blogs, and can be more interesting
(because of the video and graphics elements), it also takes more work and expertise
to make a good vlog. There are millions and millions of video content online, and most
viewers will not have the patience to watch your work if it’s poorly made.

These are the steps in making a vlog:

Step 1: Know Your Audience

Before you start filming yourself, you have

to first understand who your audience is. The
answer “everybody” is not acceptable because
not everybody will want to watch your content.

You have to strike the balance between what

you know and what you are good at and what your target audience will want to see.

35
This is the same as finding or identifying your niche. Do your homework, study the
vlogs of others that post similar topics. What are people commenting on those vlogs?

Also try to see what vlogging style the others are using, this is so you can determine
what works, and how you can be different from them.

ACTIVITY 7A: THE AUDIENCE

Come up with a concept for a personal vlog. You can make it about your hobby or
interests, or you can make it a travel vlog – it’s up to you!

Then make a survey of other similar vlogs (both local and foreign); try to get a feel
for what they’re doing, the components or materials they use, even the shots and
music. All of these things should give you clues as to what works and what you will
need to do to gather your own audience.

List down the attributes of your target audience: who are they? What are their
ages? What are their interests, challenges, or problems? How will your vlog help
solve or address these problems or challenges? How good are you at this topic
that you can help solve or address other peoples’ problems or challenges?

Step 2: Create a Brand

Even if you’re just making videos of what outfit you are wearing every day you must
remember that you’re a brand on YouTube. A brand is a concept that helps people
identify a company, product, or individual – McDonald’s, Toyota, Nike, and Selecta are
all brands and when you hear or see these brands, they immediately mean something
to you and you associate it with a certain concept or emotion. The way you brand
yourself will help attract the right kind of viewers to your vlog; this will help make your
channel stand out from the rest.

For brand names you can begin with either your name or a made-up name.

Using your own name is flexible as it gives you room to experiment with different topics
or even change your content at a later stage. It’s a good idea to use your name if you
want your channel to be about “you” and your life. On the other hand, using a made-up

36
name like “The Gaming House” or “Grown Ups Kids’ Toys” can help you focus on very
specific topics and niches, this also has the benefit of associating your channel more
with the topic rather than your own self.

After your brand name, you’ll need a profile picture or brand logo. You want a photo
or image that helps communicate who you are and what your vlog is about. For a
personal vlog or one that features you as an individual a photo of yourself will do. If
you are establishing a brand that is not directly associated with your face, they you
may want to use another image or a brand logo.

Holy Porky Gaming, a content creator on YouTube and Facebook uses a cartoon figure of an angelic pig as his
logo, meanwhile the personal vlog of celebrity Heart Evangelista uses her personal photo as profile picture. From
Facebook and YouTube

Now that you have decided on your brand name and profile photo, it’s time to create
or develop your YouTube channel art (also known as a YouTube banner.) This is a
header graphic that goes at the top of your channel.

Your channel art should embody the theme of your channel so that your subscribers
and visitors know exactly what your channel is all about. Tech vloggers usually prefer
a high-tech looking banner design, while comedy or entertainment vloggers prefer

37
loud, happy graphics. In the sample above, Heart Evangelista – who talks about
fashion and travel in her vlogs – gives us the impression of class and beauty (which
is embodied in her content).

ACTIVITY 7B: THE BRAND

Develop a brand kit for your vlog.

1. Determine a brand name and open a YouTube account for this. You may
also use your existing YouTube account if you have one.

2. Build a logo or find a profile photo that best embodies the concept or niche
of your vlog.

3. Create channel art that is appropriate to your topic and theme. You may
use apps such as Canva to create logos for your YouTube channel; Canva
has ready-to-use templates designed specifically for social media platforms
such as Facebook and YouTube

Step 3: Get Your Equipment Ready

You will notice that popular vloggers

on YouTube have invested heavily in
building a dedicated studio, bought lighting
equipment, expensive cameras, and own
very good microphones. There is value
in that: good equipment results in good
quality video.

BUT! You do not have to invest in expensive

equipment right away if you know how to
use your existing gear properly. You will
also need to understand basic techniques
in filmmaking, lighting, audio, and video Vlogging needs equipment. You will need a camera
editing. These are the skills you’ll need to and other materials to make sure you get good quality
footage. Photo from Photo by Ralph (Ravi) Kayden
turn raw footage into a great vlog.
on Unsplash
38
The most essential equipment you need to start your vlog are:

A Camera – this the most basic. Your phone camera will suffice but you must
set it to its highest level. If you’re able to use a DSLR or a mirrorless camera,
even better! Higher-level cameras have higher-level technologies that make
filming easier and give you more quality.

Editing Software – you can edit your vlog on your phone or on a desktop
system. What’s important is you have access to a good editing software or
app that gives you the flexibility to make exact edits, add graphics and effects,
and layer-on audio and other video elements. If you plan to be a professional
vlogger, you will need to eventually invest in a professional editing system – this
may seem expensive at first, but its power and flexibility means it will pay for
itself with reliable service.

A Microphone – DO NOT rely on your phone or camera’s built-in microphone.

These are designed to pick up sounds from a large environment and will give you
problems in editing. Audiences will forgive bad lighting but will never tolerate bad
audio. A good-sounding microphone will produce better quality audio especially
when you’re making vlogs with live audio narration. Don’t forget headphones
also, as it’s important you monitor and check your audio everytime!

A Tripod - A tripod is useful for shooting yourself outside without holding the
camera all the time and it gives you more stable footage; unstable footage is
tiring to watch and most audiences do not have the patience to watch long
stretches of unstable footage.

Lights - Natural lighting is good and free, but if you’re working with indoor
scenes you will need to use some lighting. Good lighting helps increase the
quality of your videos and add cinematic colors to your footage. Lights do not
have to be expensive or large but they need to be used and set up properly for
best effect.

39
 ACTIVITY 7C: EQUIPMENT CHECK

Make a survey and inventory of equipment you have access to and those you
don’t. What are you lacking? Can you borrow or rent? Does someone you know
have what you need? Can you work together?

After making the survey, also do a check of your personal skills: do you know how
to use or hold the camera? Do you know how to light? Do you know how to edit?

If you find yourself lacking skills, there are numerous YouTube tutorials to give
you the basic skills needed to do a successful shoot or edit. Google is your friend.

Step 4: Shoot and Edit Your First Vlog

It’s time to shoot your first vlog entry! This is where a lot of the work will happen, and it’s
important that you go into it with a workflow or system that will keep things organized
and keep you from going crazy with numerous things-to-do.

Here’s an easy-to-follow workflow that you can start with:

Do your research - make sure you have clarity of the general theme or direction
of your video. You should also have a clear idea of the details of the specific
content you’re going to cover.

Create an outline - it’s always good practice to create a general outline for your
video. This is not necessarily a script for the video (although that can help), but
more importantly, a general overview of the main headings you’re going to talk
about. This makes your vlog more natural and sincere.

Having an outline also assures you:

• Avoid skipping an essential topic accidentally

• Maintain some level of spontaneity and naturalness in your vlogs

40
Again, do not write a script, instead write down bullet points and a sequence in
a notebook and refer to this while you’re filming

Film yourself - This actually

feels weird at first, even for
professionals, but as time goes
by, you’ll become more and more
comfortable in front of a camera,
and get rid of any camera shyness.
Here are some tips when filming
yourself:

• Make sure your video has

an intro, a middle, and an
outro or exit

• Be natural – talk to the

camera as if you are talking Photo from Joby.com (above) and internetmatters.org
to your family or friend (below)

• Speak clearly and try not to talk too much, keep your sentences and
thoughts short and tight

• Discuss all the points you wrote in your outline

• Explain your points but remember to keep information tight and concise

Edit your vlog - it’s time to bring all the footage together and edit it in a way that
gives your video a nice, entertaining, engaging, and logical sequence.

When editing, follow these steps.

• Upload the footage to your PC

• Trim the videos to remove all the “ums” and “aahs”, edit out mistakes,
errors, fumbles, or bad takes

• Add music or voice overs to your video

41
 • Add creative text, graphics, and special effects

• Color grade your footage to make colors pop

• Review the final video

ACTIVITY 7D: LIGHTS! CAMERA! ACTION!

Film your first vlog entry and edit it into a vlog entry (3-5 minutes).

1. Determine the specific topic that will be discussed in the vlog

2. Prepare an outline of the topic that will be discussed

3. Rehearse what you’re going to say to avoid mistakes and make the
filmmaking process easier

4. Film yourself! Don’t forget intros and outros

5. Edit the vlog into a final 3-5 minute video (or more depending on the content)

6. Add graphics and music

Step 5: Publish and Promote Your Vlog

Like a blog, you can’t wait until somebody stumbles upon your vlog. You want people
to know it’s there and to watch your content. This begins with publishing your video on
a platform such as YouTube or Facebook.

Depending on the platform you also want to make sure you write some good information
for the content. While you are publishing your video you’ll need the following:

• A title

• A description of your video

• A dedicated thumbnail (or let youtube pick one for you)

• The playlist or album you want to add the video to

42
 • Your audience settings (if there’s an age requirement or if it’s fit for kids to
watch)

• Subtitles (either manually or automatically generated)

• An end screen for your video (usually with subscription links and links to your
other videos)

• A time you want to make your videos public

After publishing, you will need to promote

your video. You may share most videos to
social media channels such as Instagram,
Facebook, and Twitter. You can also set
your viewing settings such as making it
public or if you will allow others to embed
the video in their websites.

If your blog and vlog are of similar topics,

you can now embed your video in your
blog and make it even more engaging for audiences.

And now you’re done!

ACTIVITY 7E: PUBLISH AND PROMOTE

Publish your vlog on your YouTube channel. Using the “share” button, post links
on your social media accounts such as Facebook and Instagram.

You may also embed the video in your blog entry (click SHARE and select EMBED)

43
 NOTES TO THE USER

When evaluating the activities in this LRM, you may use this rubric as a guide. Be aware
that actual executions will vary due to many factors such as learning environment, skill
levels of both learner and instructor, availability of resources, and/or uncontrollable
factors such as weather and social events.

When assigning and evaluating activities, it is recommended that you follow a

cumulative or progressive process where individual activities build into a completed
work at the end of the learning period.

FOR
ACCEPTABLE VERY GOOD EXCELLENT
IMPROVEMENT
79%-86% 87%-93% 94%-100%
70%-78%
Learner showed Learner did The project Planned carefully,
little evidence of the project shows that the made several
understanding adequately learner applied sketches, and
of the elements, demonstrating the elements, showed grasp
principles, or key some principles, or key of the elements,
Elements/ concepts of the understanding concepts of the principles, or key
Principles/ Key topic; no evidence of elements, topic effectively; concepts of the
Concepts of planning. principles, or key showed an topic; project was
concepts of the awareness of executed to a
topic. creative and high quality.
production
process; planning
evident.
Learner fulfilled The learner tried The learner The learner
the project but an idea which tried a few ideas explored several
gave no evidence was adequate, before selecting choices before
of trying anything but it lacked one; made selecting one;
unusual; might originality; decisions after tried unusual
have copied work. solution or output referring to more combinations;
Creativity / can be termed than one source; made connections
Originality “cliché”. found or pursued to previous
an unusual way knowledge;
of achieving the showed problem
output. solving skills to
come up with
an innovative
solution.

44
 The project The project The project The project
was completed showed correct showed creative showed a
with minimal or technique with and applied use large degree
perfunctory use of one or two of fundamental of creativity
Technical technique. attempts to techniques; very and application
Execution apply advanced minor flaws can of style to the
techniques be seen technique; there
are no visible
flaws in the
execution
The learner The learner With a little more The project was
showed below showed average effort, the work beautiful and
average craftsmanship; could have been patiently done; it
Craftsmanship /
craftsmanship, adequate, but outstanding; was as good as
Skill
lack of pride in not as good as it lacks the finishing hard work could
finished work. could have been, touches. make it.
a bit careless.

Likewise, you may also use these video resources to further explain some basic film
production techniques and drive learning mastery

• Total Beginner’s Guide to Video Editing https://youtu.be/oC3gXr1s_aU

• Three Point Lighting Setup https://youtu.be/G6W5wbPqzPw

• Audio Tips for Filmmaking https://youtu.be/TJ3sS5si1vw

• How To Write A Blog Post For Beginners: Tips To Create AMAZING Blog Posts
From The Start https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlbHdYMWSOA

• How to VLOG - Beginners Guide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_

qmgl8vhrf4

45
 REFERENCES

11 Golden Rules of Writing Content for Your Website. (2019, February 6). Retrieved
July 16, 2021, from The Jimdo blog for small businesses website: https://www.
jimdo.com/blog/11-golden-rules-of-writing-website-content/

A Closer Look at the Law on Cyber Libel and Liability. (n.d.). Retrieved February 26, 2022,
from NICOLAS AND DE VEGA LAW OFFICES website: https://ndvlaw.com/
when-is-a-person-liable-for-the-crime-of-cyber-libel/#:~:text=Proceeding%20
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