VIVA QUESTIONS

1) What are lubricants?

A lubricant is a substance introduced to reduce friction between moving surfaces. It may also have
the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known as lubricity (or
slipperiness).

2) Define flash and fire points.

Flash point is the lowest temperature at which the volatile material (or fuel) can vaporize to form an
ignitable mixture in air.
Fire point is the temperature at which volatile material (or fuel) can continue to burn for at least 5
seconds after ignited by an open flame.
The flash point and fire point should not be confused with the auto-ignition temperature of a
lubricant, which is the temperature at which a lubricant will ignite spontaneously without an external
ignition source.

3) What is the significance of flash point and fire point measurement?

The flash and fire points are useful in determining a lubricant’s volatility and fire resistance. The flash
point can be used to determine the transportation and storage temperature requirements for
lubricants. Lubricant producers can also use the flash point to detect potential product
contamination. A lubricant exhibiting a flash point significantly lower than normal will be suspected of
contamination with a volatile product.

4) List the flash point and fire points of different fuels.

Fuel Flash point Fire point

Ethanol 16.6 °C 10% more than the flash

point.

Gasoline (petrol) −43 °C

Diesel 55 °C

Jet fuel 38 °C

Kerosene 28 to 55 °C

Vegetable oil (canola) 327 °C

Biodiesel 130 °C

5) List the flash point and fire points of lubricating oils

6) Define the flash point and fire point of a lubricating oil.

7) What should be the flash point of a good lubricant?
Ans. A flash point must be at least above the temperature at which the lubricant is to be
used to avoid the risk of a fire hazard.

8) What are the factors that affect the flash and fire points?
Ans. Moisture, vapor pressure, apparatus used, frequency of application of test flame, rate
of heating the test oil, and so on.

9) What is the significance of a flash point and fire point measurement?

10) What happens to the flash point of an oil if it is contaminated with moisture?
Ans. If moisture is present in the lubricating oil, it increases the flash point because steam
prevents vapor from igniting.

11) What are lubricants?

12) What are the units of viscosity?

13) What is the effect of temperature on the viscosity of liquid and gas?

14) What is kinematic viscosity?

15) What is the unit of kinematic viscosity?

16) Mention the names of other viscometers.

17) What is viscosity? Discuss its significance for a lubricant.

18) What is kinematic viscosity?

Ans: The coefficient of viscosity bv density is called the kinematic viscosity.

19) What is the unit of kinematic viscosity?

20) Mention the names of other viscometers.

Ans: Ostwald viscometer and Saybolt viscometer.

21) What is viscosity? Discuss its significance for a lubricant.

22) Define valve timing in four stroke petrol engine?

23) What is overlapping?

24) What is inlet valve?

25) What is exhaust valve?

26) What do you mean by ignition?

27) What are the various types of ignition systems that are commonly used?

28) Describe the working principle of 2-Stroke petrol Engine?

29) Describe the working principle of 4-Stroke petrol Engine?

30) What is Suction Stroke?

31) What is compression Stroke?

32) Describe Expansion / Power Stroke?

33) Describe Exhaust Stroke?

34) What are the construction details of a four stroke petrol Engine?

35) What is the main deference in 2-Stroke Petrol Engine and 4-Stroke Petrol Engine?

36) Describe the working principle of 2-Stroke Diesel Engine?

37) Describe the working principle of 4-Stroke Diesel Engine?

38) Explain the air-fuel ratio?

39) What is Injection Timing?

40) What are the methods of available for improving the performance of an engine?

41) Distinguish between power and specific output?

42) Define the morse test?

43) What is transmission dynamometer?

44) What is need of measurement of speed of an I.C. Engine?

45) What is a smoke and classify the measurement of a smoke?

46) What is the break power of I.C. Engines?

47) What is volumetric efficiency?

48) What is air fuel ratio in two stroke single cylinder petrol engine?

49) What is air delivery ratio in two stroke single cylinder petrol engine?

50) Explain an automatic fuel flow meter?

51) Define the friction power?

52) Define Willian’s lines methods?

53) What is break power ?

54) Define speed performance test on a four-stroke single – Cylinder diesel engine?

55) What is Air rate and A/F ratio in a four-stroke single – Cylinder diesel engine?
56) What is combustion phenomenon?

57) What is indicated power ?

58) Mention the simplified various assumptions used in fuel Air-cycle Analysis

59) What are the different Air – Fuel Mixture on which an Engine can be operated?

60) Define the carbonation ?

Ans. It is the process of mixing air and petrol mixture and vaporize and atomize that
mixture.

61) What is clearance volume ?

Ans. When piston moves from B.D.C. to T.D.C. the volume left above in the cylinder is
called clearance volume.

62) What is swept volume?

Ans. The volume covered by piston while moving from B.D.C. to T.D.C. is known as
swept volume.

63) What is the compression ratio?

64) Explain the air-fuel ratio?

65) What is Injection Timing?

66) What are the methods of available for improving the performance of an engine?

67) Distinguish between power and specific output?

68) What is the importance of specific fuel consumption?

69) What is the torque of an engine?

70) Define the morse test?

71) What is transmission dynamometer?

72) What is need of measurement of speed of an I.C. Engine?

73) What is the break power of I.C. Engines?

74) Why are oils given codes such as SAE 20W40?
Viscosity, the ability of a liquid to flow, is what these numbers mean. SAE is the Society of
Automotive Engineering, a professional group, that set these standards. Lower numbers are thicker,
so higher numbers flow faster. Engines are designed to use oil of a certain viscosity to ensure all the
parts that need oil will get it. 20W40 oil is designed to flow like 20 when warm and like 40 when the
weather turns cold. The dipstick on most engines will tell right on them which oil is suggested.
To test viscosity, the oil is poured into a funnel with a certain size opening. How long it takes for a
certain quantity to flow though the hole determines the number. No number is better than another in
general, but is designed for a particular use.